سبک دلبستگی

The present study aimed to examine the moderating role of women's attachment style in predicting their marital satisfaction based on their husbands' internet addiction. The research method was descriptive- correlational and statistical population was every 20-50-year-old partner who lived in Tehran in 1401. 208 partners were selected as samples through the convenience sampling method and They answered the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (EMS, Fowers & Olson, 1993), Hazan and Shivers Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AASQ, 1987), and Young Internet Addiction Test (IAT, 1998). Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation and regression analysis tests. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between husbands' internet addiction and women's marital satisfaction (p>0.05). In addition, there was a significant and positive relation between women's secure attachment style and their marital satisfaction (p<0.05) and a significant and negative relation between avoidant/ and anxious-ambivalent attachment style and their marital satisfaction (p<0.01). results showed that Attachment style explains a total of 11% of the variance of marital satisfaction. Furthermore, women's attachment style (both secure and insecure) cannot moderate the relation between husbands' internet addiction and their marital satisfaction. It can concluded that the women's attachment style significantly affected their marital satisfaction, but husbands' internet addiction didn’t affect it.

This study aimed to predict children's separation anxiety symptoms based on parenting styles with the mediation of mothers' feelings of insecurity. It is a descriptive-correlational study using the structural equation method. The statistical population included all 6-8 year-old children attending preschool and elementary schools in Tehran during the 2022-2023 academic year; 242 participants were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. evaluated by the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ, Baumrind, 1973), the Relationship Attachment Style Scale for Adults (RAAS, Collins & Read, 1990), and the Parent Form of the Separation Anxiety Scale (SAS, Han et al., 2003). the results demonstrated that the derived model exhibited a satisfactory fit. It was found that an authoritarian parenting style had a direct positive impact on separation anxiety symptoms, while an authoritative parenting style had a direct negative impact (P<0.001). Additionally, mothers' feelings of insecurity had a direct positive effect on their children's separation anxiety (P<0.001). The indirect influence of the relationship between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles on children's separation anxiety, mediated by maternal insecurity, was also (P<0.001). Consequently, given the significant association between maternal parenting styles and separation anxiety symptoms, as well as the mediating influence of mothers' insecurity, therapists and child counselors are encouraged to focus on enhancing parenting styles and alleviating maternal insecurity to reduce separation anxiety in children.

It seems that the fear of missing out on meaningful relationships, especially in romantic relationships, is rooted in attachment styles, and this leads to self-sufficiency in women. Therefore, the study of the antecedents affecting women's self-silence can lead to some psychological problems in them.

The purpose of this study was to design and test the structural pattern of self-silence in married women based on attachment style, emotional expression, and loneliness with the mediation of self-compassion.

The research method was fundamental research and descriptive and correlational research (structural equation modeling analysis). The statistical population was married women referred to psychological and counseling services centers in Tehran in 2023. The research sample was 400 married women referred to psychological and counseling services centers in Tehran in 2023, who were selected by random sampling. Data were collected using a self-silencing scale (Jack, & Dill, 1992), Adult Attachment Style Inventory (Hazan, & Shaver, 1987), Emotional Expression Questionnaire (King, & Emmons, 1990), Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (DiTommaso et al, 2004), and Self-compassion Questionnaire (Neff, 2003). To analyze the data AMOS software was used.

The results of the data analysis showed that emotional expression has a positive and significant effect on self-compassion and a negative and significant effect on self-silence (P< 0.05). The direct effect of emotional loneliness on self-compassion was negative and significant, and on self-silence was positive and significant (P< 0.05). The direct positive effect of secure attachment styles on self-compassion was positive and significant, and on self-silence was negative and significant (P< 0.05). Also, the direct effect of avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment styles on self-compassion was negative and self-silence was positive and significant. Also, emotional expression, emotional loneliness, and attachment styles through self-compassion had an indirect effect on self-silence.

According to the results, it is possible to moderate an important part of loneliness and emotional self-assertion in married women by teaching self-compassion skills. Therefore, it is possible to benefit from teaching self-compassion skills to silence women in counseling and psychotherapy clinics.

The research was conducted with the aim of explaining the relationship between attachment style and parents' anxiety with students' externalized problems. The research method was practical in terms of purpose and from the point of view of data collection in the descriptive-correlation research group and in terms of scope of work in the quantitative research group. The statistical population of the research consists of 12,000 parents of students in Tabadakan area of ​​Mashhad, using the formula of Tabachnik and Fidel, the minimum sample size required was 58 people, and in order to complete the sample size of this research and considering the possibility of error in completing Questionnaires and return error rate, 250 questionnaires were distributed by cluster sampling method, and finally, 175 healthy questionnaires were collected after distribution, and this number was the criterion of analysis. In order to collect data, the standardized questionnaires of Collins and Reed's attachment style (1990), Kettle's anxiety (2013) and externalizing problems (behavior disorder 2013) were used. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive tests, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation test and structural equations with the help of SPSS version 26 and Lisrel software. The findings of the research showed that the attachment style and anxiety of the parents had a significant effect on the externalized problems of the students (0.05) and also the attachment style had a significant effect on the components of the externalized problems (0.05). Also, the role of parental anxiety on externalized problems was confirmed.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between types of attachment styles and the difficulty of interpersonal relationships in people with narcissistic personality traits. The type of descriptive research and its method was also correlational. The statistical population included all students studying psychology at Islamic Azad University, Tehran South Branch in the academic year of 2023-2024, in the number of 1063 people, of which 144 people were selected by purposive sampling. Ames et al's (2006) narcissistic personality questionnaire, Collins and Reed's (1990) attachment styles, and Barkham et al's (1996) interpersonal relationship difficulty questionnaires were used to collect the required data. The data were analyzed using the inferential test of Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression and SPSS26 software. The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between secure attachment style and the difficulty of interpersonal relationships (P<0.01). There is a significant positive correlation between avoidant and ambivalent attachment style with the difficulty of interpersonal relationships (P<0.01). According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that attachment styles are a suitable predictor for determining the difficulty of interpersonal relationships in students.

The present research sought to investigate the relationship between mothers' attachment style and their teenagers’ social and academic adjustment. This study had a correlational-descriptive design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all adolescent girls and boys aged 14 to 18 years in Tabriz and their mothers in 2021. Convenience sampling method was used and 366 students (245 girls & 121 boys) were selected. The research instruments included Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI, Besharat, 2005) and Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS, Sinha and Singh, 1998). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression. Results demonstrated that: 1) There was a significant relationship between mothers' secure attachment style and adolescents’ social adjustment (p≤0.05). 2) There was a significant relationship between the insecure/avoidant attachment style of mothers and adolescents’ social adjustment (p≤0.05). 3) There was a significant relationship between the insecure/avoidant attachment style of mothers and adolescents’ academic adjustment (p≤0.01). 4). There was a significant relationship between the insecure/ambivalent attachment style of mothers and adolescents’ academic adjustment (p≤0.01). According to these results, it can be concluded that mothers who have a secure attachment style, their children have higher social cognition as well as higher social adjustment, while mothers who have insecure attachment style, their children have lower social and academic adjustment. The type of attachment style of mothers can play an important role in the attachment style of children as well as their behavioral, emotional and social status in later years.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy matrix training on the communication patterns of married women with an avoidance and anxiety attachment personality style. The investigation included all female students at the University of Bojnourd from 2019 to 2020. The study included 40 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and two control groups. The subjects completed Christensen and Sullaway'’s Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) both before and after the intervention. Multivariate analysis of variance was implemented to analyze the data. The results suggested that the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix had an impact on communication patterns by increasing constructive communication patterns (P<0.001) and decreasing avoidance and demand-withdraw trends (P<0.001). However, communication patterns were not significantly influenced by attachment style, either alone or in interaction with the intervention (P>0.05). According to the research findings, the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix can be implemented to enhance the communication patterns of married women.

The primary objective of this study was to explore the mediating role of perfectionism in the ‎connection between Insecure attachment and depression symptoms.‎‏ ‏ In the current research, a ‎descriptive and correlational approach was employed, and the proposed model introduced within the study was ‎assessed through the application of structural equation modeling‏.‏‎ The statistical population for this study ‎comprised second-grade high school students from Delijan city, enrolled in the 1401-1402 academic year. A ‎total of 550 students were selected using random cluster sampling. Data collection for this study incorporated ‎multiple instruments, including the attachment scale (Collins and Reed, 1990),‎‏ ‏perfectionism scale ‎‎(Hewitt‏ ‏and Flett, 1991), and the depression subscale of DASS-21 (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). The ‎results indicated that the structural model presented in this research fits the collected data. There was a direct ‎positive relationship between depression and avoidant attachment, anxious attachment, and perfectionism‏ ‏‎(p = ‎‎0/001). Furthermore, the indirect relationship of depression with avoidant attachment‏ ‏‎(p = 0/002) and anxious ‎attachment‏ ‏‎(p = 0/001)‎‏ ‏mediated by perfectionism, was also significant.‎‏ ‏ The findings highlighted ‎the mediating role of perfectionism in the relationship between avoidant and anxious attachment styles‏ ‏with ‎depression. Consequently, enhancing the quality of interpersonal relationships could be achieved through ‎educational initiatives aimed at increasing awareness among parents, students, and educational authorities ‎regarding ineffective perfectionism and detrimental attachment styles. Moreover, these research outcomes ‎hold potential significance in the realms of psychopathology and the development of treatment protocols, ‎particularly by emphasizing the intermediary influence of perfectionism.‎

Children facing challenges such as social deficiencies during childhood may struggle in social interactions and unhealthy emotional relationships, thus increasing their vulnerability to sexual addiction. The relationship between childhood traumas and sexual addiction is influenced by various factors such as social support, mental framing, and attachment styles, highlighting the importance of thoroughly examining the impact of each of these factors on this relationship. Strong scientific evidence can guide decision-makers in implementing effective measures and policies to prevent childhood traumas and sexual addiction.

The present study aimed to model the structural equations of the relationship between childhood traumas and sexual addiction, with the mediating role of perceived social support, mental framing, and attachment styles.

The current research employed a descriptive correlational approach and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all virtual students in Tehran universities during the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size was determined to be 322 individuals based on the Klein formula (2011), considering the possibility of dropouts, with 370 individuals ultimately included. Data collection utilized the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003), Sexual Addiction Screening Test (Carnes, 1988), and Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (Collins & Read, 1990). The gathered data were analyzed using path analysis in LISREL and SPSS software.

The research findings indicate significant correlations, confirming the hypothesized correlation between variables for developing the structural equation model (p< 0.05).

The relationship between childhood traumas and sexual addiction is influenced by various factors, including social support, mental framing, and attachment styles, underscoring the critical importance of thoroughly investigating the impact of each of these factors on this relationship. Strong scientific evidence can guide decision-makers in implementing effective measures and policies to prevent childhood traumas and sexual addiction.

The purpose of this study was to examine how family factors (religious beliefs, socio-economic base, cultural beliefs, and parenting style) affected the attitudes of Khorram Abad City upper secondary school students regarding drug use, with identity styles and attachment styles serving as mediators. The method of this research was a correlation from the Path analysis. All Khorram Abad city upper secondary school students who were enrolled in the school year 2022–2023 made up the research population. 380 students made up the sample size and were chosen using the method of stratified sampling. The measurement tools include common questionnaires of religious beliefs Bahrami (2009), socioeconomic base, by Ghodratnama (1993), parenting styles, by Baumrind (2004), attachment styles, by Collins and Reed (1990), and attitude towards addiction, by Nazari (2010), as well as a researcher-made questionnaire of indigenous cultural beliefs. At the end, the results showed that the direct path of parenting style (P < 0.001, β = 0.51), religious beliefs (P < 0.001, β = 0.48), local cultural beliefs (P < 0.001, (β=0.65) and the path of socio-economic base to the attitude towards drug use (P<0.001, β=0.67) is significant. Also, the direct path of parenting style (P < 0.001, β = 0.78), religious beliefs to (P < 0.001, β = 0.62), local cultural beliefs (P < 0.001, 0.57) =β), economic-social base (P<0.001, β=0.47) to attachment styles and the direct path of attachment styles to attitude to drug use (P<0.001, 0.47) β), are significant. Also, the lower and upper limits of the

In case of inadequacy and inadequacy of parents, issues and problems occur, including child abuse by them or the people around them; Child abuse is one of the big social problems that includes all societies, both advanced and developing, so that the health and comfort of the injured child is endangered.

The purpose of this article is to determine the fit of the prediction model of dark personality traits based on childhood traumas with the mediating role of self-regulation, mentalization and attachment styles.

The current research was of correlational type and according to the objectives, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method was also used, based on Klein's formula, 147,400 people were considered. Also, separately from the questionnaires of dark personality traits (Johnson and Webster, 2010), self-regulation by Miller and Brown (1999), adult attachment style of Collins and Reed, (1990), mentalization or reflective performance by Fonagy et al. (2016), trauma Childhood Questionnaire (CTQ) was used by Bernstein, Stein, Newkamp, Walker, Pugh, et al. (2003) to adjust the model. In this research, descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis and inferential statistics of correlation, regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data.

The results of the research show that the direct path of childhood trauma to dark personality traits was not significant, but all the indirect paths were significant, which indicated the confirmation of the mediation of the three variables of self-regulation, mentalization and attachment style (p<0.05).

Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that experts in the field of psychology focus on educating and supporting mothers to enhance their abilities in shaping secure attachment styles in their children. Clinical psychologists and therapists should particularly emphasize interventions aimed at improving cognitive restructuring and self-regulation for individuals with dark personality traits.

The purpose of this research is to predict the religious adherence of female students based on the source of control and attachment styles. In this descriptive-correlation research, 318 students (including287 single people and 31 married people) with the age range of 18 to 45 years were selected using the available method. To collect data, the scales of Religious adherence based on the propositions of the Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah (Jan Bozorgi, 2009), Adult attachment (Besharat, 2011, 2013) and Rotter's Internal-External Control (1966) were used. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the simple relationship between variables, and multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the multiple relationship between variables. The research results show that the relationship between secure attachment style and religious adherence is positive and meaningful, and the relationship between avoidant and ambivalent attachment style and religious adherence is negative and significant. Also, the relationship between the source of control and religious adherence is positive and significant (p≥0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to increase students' religious adherence, their attachment style should become a secure attachment and their source of control should become a source of internal control.

The role of childhood trauma in the development of borderline personality disorder has long been studied. The most accurate theoretical models are multifactorial and consider a range of factors including childhood trauma, attachment styles and mentalization ability to explain the developmental pathways of borderline personality disorder.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the fit of the structural model of borderline personality syndromes of childhood trauma experience and attachment style with the mediating role of mentalization.

This research was descriptive research of the correlation type that was conducted in the statistical population of people by identifying borderline personalities who referred to the psychiatric clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital in Karaj in 1401. 319 people were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tool was borderline personality questionnaire (Lishnernig, 1999), attachment style questionnaire (Collins, & Reid, 1990), childhood trauma experience questionnaire (Bernstein and et al., 2003) and mentalization questionnaire (Dimitrijević and et al., 2018).

Analyzes with Pearson's correlation method and structural equation modeling showed that experience of childhood trauma (β= 0.79; P< 0.01), fear attachment styles (β= 0.61; P< 0.01) and anxiety (β= 0.68; P< 0.01) had a positive and significant effect on borderline personality symptoms, and the attachment style of faith (β= 0.62; P< 0.01) and mentalization (β= 0.77; P< 0.01) 01) have a negative and significant effect on borderline personality disorder.

These results can be helpful for clinical specialists in the field of borderline personality disorder treatment and plan efficient treatments considering the role of predictive factors in these patients.

  One of the most challenging issues that can happen to people in their lifetime today is the experience of love failure, which is mainly associated with various negative consequences. The aim of the current research was to identify the factors that affect love failure. For this purpose, the systematic review method was used. In this section, the community included all domestic and international written sources (printed/electronic) on the experience of love failure, which could be retrieved and accessed through domestic and foreign databases. After determining the inclusion criteria (published from 2000 to now; studies that were published in a reputable journal and had full text; experimental and review studies) and screening and evaluation of articles, 37 studies were selected. With the systematic review of the background of the research and based on the systematic review, personality characteristics, attachment style and maladaptive schemas as three important individual factors, parenting patterns as an important family factor and perceived social support as an important factor. social influence on the experience of love failure were identified. Based on the results of this research, it is necessary to pay attention to the identified individual, family and social variables in the design of interventions and programs that are designed for the prevention or treatment of emotional failure. The effect and role of each of these variables on emotional failure was discussed.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the predicting couple burnout based on work-family conflict and attachment style in working people of Qom city.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of this research was all the working people of Qom city in 1401. The sample size was determined to be 230 people, and finally, by removing incomplete questionnaires, 214 questionnaires were analyzed. In this research, the sampling method was available. The data collection tools were Carlson et al.'s Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (2000), the Hazen and Shaver Attachment Styles Questionnaire (1987), the Pines Couple Burnout Scale (1996). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression in Spss software.

The results showed that there is a significant correlation between the variables of couple burnout with work-family conflict and attachment style. The regression results showed that work-family conflict and attachment style have the power to predict couple.

couple burnout can be predicted based on work-family conflict and attachment style.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between a mother's attachment style and aggression of children aged 3-6 years with the mediation of a mother's mindfulness. The research method was descriptive-correlation and structural equation model type. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the mothers of children aged 3 to 6 years in preschool centers and kindergartens in Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020, and 290 of them were selected as a sample. The tools of this research included the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (RAAS, Collins and Reed, 1990), the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scale (PKBS, Merrell, 1994), and the Five-Dimensional Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ, Bauer et al., 2006). The research data were analyzed using the structural equation analysis method. The results showed that the model fitted well. Based on the findings of the research, the relationship between the mother's attachment style and the child's aggression was positive and significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) and also mother's attachment style was indirectly related to the child's aggression through the mother's mindfulness. (p < 0.05). According to the above findings, it can be concluded that mothers' mindfulness plays a mediating role in the relationship between their attachment style and children's aggression.

Entering the university is always associated with a range of stressful academic, financial, communication, social and sometimes distance from the family. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the fit of the structural model of maladaptive schemas based on individual trauma and social trauma with the mediation of attachment styles.

The study method was correlational. The statistical population was all the students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, in the academic year 2020-21. The statistical sample consisted of 380 students who were selected online. Hazan and Shaver's (1987) attachment style questionnaire, Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (1998), Bernstein et al.'s (2003) childhood trauma questionnaire, and researcher-made social trauma questionnaire were used.

The results showed that personal trauma has an effect on early maladaptive schemas with the mediation of secure attachment style (P<0.01); Personal trauma with the mediation of avoidant and ambivalent attachment style has no effect on early maladaptive schemas (P<0.05); Social trauma has an effect on early maladaptive schemas with the mediation of secure and avoidant attachment style (P<0.01); Social trauma with the mediation of ambivalent attachment style does not affect early maladaptive schemas (P<0.05).

The results showed that the structural model of maladaptive schemas based on individual trauma and social trauma with the mediation of attachment styles in the students of Islamic Azad University of Karaj has a sufficient fit; Therefore, providing the right environment from childhood can help reduce mental and personality disorders in the society.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on psychosomatic symptoms, differentiation of self, and attachment style of women with psychosomatic symptoms. The research method was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population included all women with psychosomatic symptoms who were referred to two counseling centers of Superior Attitude and Stable Peace in Isfahan City in 1400. Among these women, 30 people who scored the highest score on the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms questionnaire were selected through targeted sampling. and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups and they responded to the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms Questionnaire (Ebrahimi et al., 2017), the Differentiation of Self Inventory (Skorn and Friedlander, 1998) and the Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (Hazen and Shaver, 1987). For the experimental group, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was held in 8 sessions of two hours and once a week. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is no significant difference between the post-test average of the two experimental and control groups in the variable of psychosomatic symptoms (P=0/066) and avoidant attachment style (P=0/273); But in the variables of differentiation of self (P=0/001), secure attachment style (P=0/001) and ambivalent attachment style (P=0/001) there is a significant difference. Based on this, it can be concluded that the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention was effective in the differentiation of self, secure, and ambivalent attachment styles in women with psychosomatic symptoms.

The present study was conducted with the aim of Predicting the emotional regulation of people with cluster B personality disorder traits based on attachment styles and reflective functioning. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population included the students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran branch in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size was 120 people who were selected by purposive sampling method. The research tools included the adult attachment inventory (AAI) Simpson (1990), Millon clinical multiaxial inventory (MCMI-III) Millon (1994), the reflective functioning questionnaire (RFQ) Fonagy et al. (2016) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) Gross and John (2003). The results of the regression test using the enter method showed that among the research variables, uncertainty (P=0.03 and β=-0.23), secure attachment style (P=0.002 and β=0.27), and avoidant (P=0.002 and β = -0.31) are predictors of emotion regulation. Also, the results showed that the predictor variables are able to predict 0.19 of the variance of the emotion regulation variable in people with traits of cluster B personality disorder. The result of the present study shows that paying attention to attachment styles and reflective performance by psychologists can help to explain emotional regulation in people with traits of cluster B personality disorder.