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The objective of this research was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between mindfulness and compassion in therapists. This research was applied and descriptive correlational. Psychotherapists, counselors, and mental health specialists with a minimum of one year of therapy experience, who resided in Iran from July to December 2022 and had access to social media, comprised the research population. 300 individuals were selected through the available sampling method via members of groups and pages of social networks related to psychology and counseling. Specifically, 300 individuals were selected. Scales of compassion fatigue (CFST), mindfulness (FMQ), and self-compassion scale (SCS) comprised the research instruments. Data analysis was conducted using path analysis method using via SPSS 26 and Lisrel 7.8. The fit indices that were obtained demonstrated that the model was well-suited to the data. The findings indicated that compassion fatigue is both directly and indirectly predicted by mindfulness. The indirect path of self-awareness through kindness to self-awareness and human commonalities with self-compassion was significant and showed the mediating role of all three components of self-compassion in the relationship between self-awareness and fatigue caused by compassion. According to research findings, mindfulness in therapists has a protective effect against psychological issues, resulting in reduced fatigue and increased self-compassion. Additionally, it is less likely that they perceive themselves as identical to the thoughts and feelings they experience.

The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between Emotion regulation style and Self-compassion and the student's mental well-being, with the mediating role of Quality The research method was descriptive correlation and structural equation modeling. This research's statistical population included the University of Tabriz students in 2023-2024 (24000 people) and the statistical sample included 378 people selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To measure the variables, the Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ, Keyes& Magyar-Moe,2003), the Self-Compassion scale (SCS, Neff,2003), Emotion Regulation Styles (ERQ, Gross & John, 2003), and the Quality of Life-BREF Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization's, 1996) were used. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the model had a good fit. Data analysis showed that self-compassion, emotion regulation (reevaluation) and quality of life, positive and anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, and emotion regulation (suppression) have a negative direct effect on mental well-being(P<0.01). Also, secure attachment, self-compassion and emotion regulation (reevaluation) positive and anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, and emotion regulation (suppression) negatively have an indirect effect on mental well-being through quality of life(P<0.01). Based on these findings, it can be stated that adverse Self-compassion and emotion regulation style through the mediation of Quality of life can predict students' mental well-being.

The purpose of this study was to discrimination forecast of academic well-being based on self-compassion, happiness and academic self-efficacy. The research approach had a practical aim and correlational data collecting. The statistical population of the research was all students of high school in Tehran city in academic year of 2021-2022. The sample size is 443 people based on Morgan's table by multi-stage cluster sampling method and were selected as samples and they were asked to academic well-being questionnaire (AWBQ) of Tuominen-Soini and et al (2012), short form of the self‐compassion scale (SF-SCS) of Raes and et al (211), oxford happiness questionnaire (OHQ) of Hills and Argyle (2002) and academic self-efficacy questionnaire (ASEQ) of Jinks and Morgan (1999). For this purpose, 74 students with low academic well-being and 87 students high academic well-being were selected and discriminant analysis and SPSS-26 software was used for analyzing data. The results of analysis showed that by self-compassion, happiness and academic self-efficacy can help to academic well-being and function discriminant analysis assigned 90/1 percent of the students with high and low academic well-being.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate structural equation modeling of the mediating role of self-care behaviors in the relationship between mindfulness and self-compassion with the psychological distress of dialysis patients. This was descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population of the study was dialysis patient’s Kashan city in March to July of year 2024. The sample size was selected based on Klein's model (2023) and with subjectivw sampling of 300 dialysis patient’s. Data collection tools include the Kessler psychological distress scale (K-10) of Kessler and et al (2003), the Freiburg mindfulness inventory (FMI) of Walach and et al (2006), short form of the self‐compassion scale (SF-SCS) of Raes and et al (2011) and exercise of self‐care agency scale (ESCAS) of Kearney and Fleischer (1979). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equations modeling. Data analysis software was SPSS and AMOS version 28. Te results showed direct effect of mindfulness (β= -0.62 and sig=0.001) and self-compassion (β= -0.53 and sig=0.001) were significant on self-care behaviors. Also, the results showed that theory of mind had a mediating role in relationship between mindfulness (β= -0.50 and sig=0.001) and self-compassion (β= -0.47 and sig=0.001) with self-care behaviors. Also, the final research model had a good fit (RMSEA=0.05, p<0.05). According to the findings of this research and the importance of the role of the mindfulness and self-compassion mind in the self-care behaviors of dialysis patients, it is suggested to experts in this field to use the training of mindfulness and self-compassion to improve psychological distress in dialysis patients.

The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness of the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle modification on the Psychological Distress in obese women. The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all women with BMI ≥ 25 referring to nutrition centers in Qazvin city in 2023. 60 participants in the research were selected by voluntary sampling and meeting the entry criteria, and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (30 people). The experimental group received 12 sessions of 2 hours for 4 weeks as a group combined therapy of self-compassion and lifestyle modification. To collect data, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Questionnaire(DASS.21, Lavibond and Lavibond ,1995) were used. Finally, the data were mixed by variance analysis and analyzed with spss-24 software. The results showed that the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle modification reduced stress and depression (P<0.05). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle as a replacement package is effective in reducing psychological distress (stress and depression) in women suffering from obesity.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment approach based on self-compassion on psychological well-being and flexibility. The research design was a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test type with a control group. Statistical population included 150 girls and boys in 13 to 18 ages from the Tunkabon, Tehran, and Qazvin cities, who entered the study by online invitation. Research sample included 15 in experimental group and 15 in control group that selected through the purposive sampling. Instruments encompassed Ryff psychological well-being and Bond and et al acceptance and action questionnaire-II for psychological flexibility that completed before and after intervention in pre-test and post-test. The intervention program acceptance and commitment therapy based self-compassion was implemented in eight online 90 minutes’ sessions and control group was also placed on the waiting list.  Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze of data. The results showed that the approach of acceptance and commitment based on self-compassion has been significantly effective in increasing psychological well-being and psychological flexibility. Therefore, given these findings, this approach is appropriate intervention for psychological well-being and psychological flexibility in Adolescent’s life situations.

It seems that the fear of missing out on meaningful relationships, especially in romantic relationships, is rooted in attachment styles, and this leads to self-sufficiency in women. Therefore, the study of the antecedents affecting women's self-silence can lead to some psychological problems in them.

The purpose of this study was to design and test the structural pattern of self-silence in married women based on attachment style, emotional expression, and loneliness with the mediation of self-compassion.

The research method was fundamental research and descriptive and correlational research (structural equation modeling analysis). The statistical population was married women referred to psychological and counseling services centers in Tehran in 2023. The research sample was 400 married women referred to psychological and counseling services centers in Tehran in 2023, who were selected by random sampling. Data were collected using a self-silencing scale (Jack, & Dill, 1992), Adult Attachment Style Inventory (Hazan, & Shaver, 1987), Emotional Expression Questionnaire (King, & Emmons, 1990), Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (DiTommaso et al, 2004), and Self-compassion Questionnaire (Neff, 2003). To analyze the data AMOS software was used.

The results of the data analysis showed that emotional expression has a positive and significant effect on self-compassion and a negative and significant effect on self-silence (P< 0.05). The direct effect of emotional loneliness on self-compassion was negative and significant, and on self-silence was positive and significant (P< 0.05). The direct positive effect of secure attachment styles on self-compassion was positive and significant, and on self-silence was negative and significant (P< 0.05). Also, the direct effect of avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment styles on self-compassion was negative and self-silence was positive and significant. Also, emotional expression, emotional loneliness, and attachment styles through self-compassion had an indirect effect on self-silence.

According to the results, it is possible to moderate an important part of loneliness and emotional self-assertion in married women by teaching self-compassion skills. Therefore, it is possible to benefit from teaching self-compassion skills to silence women in counseling and psychotherapy clinics.

Self-compassion refers to the degree of compassion one feels towards oneself in response to shortcomings or failures, and it is linked with reduced anxiety and increased life satisfaction. Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of various psychological therapies in influencing levels of self-compassion, forgiveness, and marital conflict among married women. However, there is a research gap in the area of solution-focused single-session therapy and psychological issues affecting married women, who constitute a significant segment of society.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused single-session therapy on levels of self-compassion, forgiveness, and marital conflict among married women.

This was an applied research using a single-subject experimental design, specifically the Multiple Baseline Across Subjects (ABA) design. The research population comprised all married women experiencing marital conflicts in Tehran in the year 2023. Participants were recruited voluntarily through announcements. After applying screening criteria, five individuals were selected and underwent baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases. Participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), the Interpersonal Forgiveness Scale (Paleari et al., 2009), and the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (Senaie et al., 2008).

The results of this study indicated that solution-focused single-session therapy led to a significant increase in the average percentage of improvement in self-compassion and forgiveness, as well as a decrease in the average percentage of improvement in marital conflict among married women at a significance level of 0.05.

The changes in the average percentage of improvement observed with solution-focused single-session therapy suggest that this intervention can lead to immediate improvements in self-compassion, forgiveness, and marital conflict among married women. These findings underscore the potential importance of this type of therapy in enhancing marital relationships and improving the psychological well-being of married women.

Self-compassion and positive self-talk are two important factors in cognitive characteristics that can play a decisive role in academic performance such as academic resilience, but according to the research, they have been less studied in past research. Based on this, examining the relationship between self-compassion and positive self-talk with academic well-being and academic resilience is a research gap.

So, this research aims to model academic resilience based on self-compassion and positive self-talk concerning the mediating role of academic well-being among secondary school students in Kerman.

The descriptive research method was a correlation type. The statistical population includes all male and female secondary school students in the city of Kerman, with a total of 8200 people in the 2022–2023 academic year. 384 people have been selected as a sample using stratified random sampling. Standard questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistics of structural equation modeling with SPSS25 and Amos24 software.

The model of academic resilience based on self-compassion and positive self-talk has an acceptable fit concerning the mediating role of the academic well-being of secondary school students in Kerman province. Thus, self-compassion and positive self-talk explain 0.67% of the variance in resilience through the mediating role of academic well-being.

Based on the findings of the research, among the methods of improving academic resilience and improving the academic well-being of students is strengthening self-compassion and positive self-talk.

Heart disease is the first cause of death in the world, and psychological status can play an important role in the exacerbation and relaps of this disease. Therefore, it is essential to identify psychological factors affecting the condition of patients with heart disease. The present study aimed to investigate the psychological distress of heart patients based on insecure attachment style with the mediating role of alexithymia and the moderating role of mindfulness and self-compassion. The current research was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research included all coronary and heart failure patients who referred to the medical centers of Aran- Bidgol and Kashan cities in 2022-2023. 200 heart patients were selected by convenience sampling. Using psychological distress scale (DASS-21), Collins and Reed attachment style questionnaire (RAAS), alexithymia questionnaire(TAS-20), Brown and Ryan mindfulness scale questionnaire (MAAS) and self-compassion questionnaire(SCS-SF) data was collected. Data were analyzed by bootstrap method using AMOS 24. The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit. Also, the results showed that alexithymia mediates the relationship between avoidant attachment and psychological distress, and mindfulness and self-compassion have a moderating role in the relationship between alexithymia and psychological distress. According to findings, insecure attachment style plays a role in alexithymia and psychological distress of heart patients and with interventions based on mindfulness and self-compassion can help improve the health of heart patients.

Psychological theories established a relationship between social anxiety and critical parenting. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prediction of social anxiety based on critical parenting, self-compassion, awareness and self-acceptance.

The participants are 262 students from different educational levels, and the questionnaire related to this research was presented to the participants online, which included critical parenting, social anxiety, self-compassion, awareness, and self-acceptance put an assessment.

The results indicated that this hypothesis is rejected and the fit of the model was not acceptable. Based on this, we removed the relationship between critical parenting and social anxiety, and the rest of the relationships were evaluated, but it had no effect on the improvement of fit. Therefore, we used the hierarchical regression method. We entered the predictor and criterion variables and the amount of changes was significant and 35% of the criterion variable (social anxiety) was explained by the predictor variables (critical parenting, self-compassion, awareness, and self-acceptance) and beta in the variable of self-acceptance and Awareness plays a significant role in this regard.

Considering the importance of social dimensions in students' lives and in order to reduce their social anxiety, it is suggested that educational workshops be held for students to strengthen their compassion, awareness and self-acceptance.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion-focused therapy on emotional management and resilience of married women with emotional divorce referring to Andimeshk psychological centers. The statistical population of the research included all women with emotional divorce who referred to counseling centers in Andimshek city in 2023. The research sample was selected among those who referred to the centers. 20 female volunteers were selected according to the conditions of entry and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The tools used in this research included: Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003), Williams Emotion Management Questionnaire (1997) and self-compassion-focused therapy intervention (Russell Koltz et al., 2016). Covariance analysis and spss software were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that self-compassion training is effective on the management of emotions and resilience of women with emotional divorce who refer to Andimeshk counseling centers. Therefore, it can be said that teaching self-compassion increases the management of emotions and resilience in women with emotional divorce.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of group training in emotion regulation and self-compassion in improving social functioning in teenagers at a correctional education center in Tehran province. The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period of two months. The statistical population of this research included all the male clients of the reform and education center of Tehran province in 2023. In this research, 45 people were purposefully selected and randomly divided into three groups of 15 people (two intervention groups and one control group). The experimental groups were each subjected to group intervention of emotion regulation therapy and compassion therapy during 8 sessions. and Child and Adolescent Social and Adaptive Functioning Scale (CASAF; Price et al., 2002) was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using repeated measurement variance analysis. The results showed that the pre-test of social functioning had a significant difference with the post-test and follow-up scores (P<0.05), also the results indicated that there was no significant difference between the two treatments over time, but each of the treatments compared to the control group, there were significant changes in social functioning (P<0.05). In general, it can be concluded that group training in emotion regulation and self-compassion is an efficient therapeutic method for improving the social functioning of delinquent teenagers.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and self-compassion-focused therapy on self-esteem and shame experienced in women with binge eating. The present study is a semi-experimental pre-test post-test design with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population was all women with binge eating disorder in Tehran city in the year 2023. First 45 people were selected and then replaced by a simple random method in 2 experimental groups and 1 control group. The tools of this research included Gomali et al.'s binge eating severity (BES, 1982), Rosenberg's self-esteem (RSEs, 1989), Cook's internal shame (1998), and Goss' external shame (1994) scales. Variance analysis with repeated measures was used for data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of self-esteem and the shame experience in both emotion-focused and self-compassion groups in the post-test and control groups (P<0.05). That is, two interventions have significantly increased self-esteem and reduced shame experience compared to the control group. Also, the results of the Bonferroni test for comparing the mean effectiveness of the two groups showed no significant difference between them in increasing self-esteem and reducing shame in these individuals (P>0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that despite the effectiveness of both interventions in increasing self-esteem and reducing shame in women with binge eating disorders, the superiority of one intervention over the other is not statistically significant.

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation (FNE) in the relationship between self-compassion (SC) and loneliness among adolescents. This descriptive-correlational study employed a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The statistical population comprised female students attending the first cycle of secondary school in District 15 of Tehran in 2023. A total of 260 participants were recruited through a convenient sampling method and completed an online survey encompassing the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNES) (Leary, 1983), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (Neff, 2003), and the Russell Loneliness Scale (UCLA) (Russell & Carroll, 1980). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Amos version 24 statistical software. The findings revealed that the proposed model accounted for 49% of the variance in adolescent loneliness and demonstrated satisfactory fit indices. Self-compassion exhibited a direct negative association with loneliness (P = 0.01, β = -0.37), while FNE displayed a direct positive association with loneliness (P = 0.01, β = 0.43). Additionally, self-compassion exerted a direct negative influence on FNE (P = 0.01, β = -0.50). Bootstrap test results confirmed the mediating role of FNE in the relationship between self-compassion and loneliness (P = 0.01, β = -0.22). These results suggest that self-compassion impacts loneliness directly and indirectly through FNE.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the feasibility of the therapeutic protocol of integration of schema and self-compassion on the marital despondency of women with borderline personality disorder. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design of a control group and a 2-month follow-up. The statistical population included all women with borderline personality disorder living in Tehran in the year 1400, and among them, 34 were selected by purposive sampling and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. The combined therapy protocol of schema and self-compassion was implemented for the experimental group during 15 sessions, one 90-minute session per week. Borderline personality disorder (BPI) questionnaires by Leishnering (1999) and marital burnout (CBM) by Pines (1996) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using repeated measures to analyze variance. The results of repeated measurement variance analysis showed a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up of marital burnout (P<0.01). Considering the effectiveness of the treatment method in improving the marital burnout of women with borderline personality disorder, these treatment packages can be used as an effective psychological intervention in health centers to reduce the problems of women with borderline personality disorder.

The objective of this study was to examine the mediating role of cognitive regulation of emotion and self-compassion in the relationship between psychological well-being and mindfulness. The research method is implemented in accordance with the purpose and the method of accumulating descriptive-correlational information. The research was all undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University Marvdasht branch University in the academic year 2018-2019, of which 386 students (205 women and 181 men) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The subjects completed psychological well-being scales (RSPWB), mindfulness (FFMQ), Self-Compassion (SCS), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (CERQ). The structural equation analysis method was implemented for data analysis, utilizing SPSS (version 25) and AMOS (version 20) software. In the present study, the indirect path of mindfulness on students’ psychological well-being was significant at the level of 0.12 for cognitive regulation of emotion and 0.15 for self-compassion (P=0.001). These findings suggest that the relationship between psychological well-being and mindfulness is mediated by the variables of cognitive regulation of emotion and compassion. According to these findings, mindfulness can affect the psychological well-being of pupils by influencing the extent of cognitive regulation of emotion and compassion.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion-focused treatment on emotional management and resilience of women with culture grounded emotional divorce in Andimshek city. The statistical population of the research included all women with emotional divorce who referred to counseling centers in Andimshek city in 1402. The sample was selected among those who referred to the centers via convenience sampling procedure and were assigned randomly in two experimental and control group ten subjects each. The research was designed as semi- experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. To collect data Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003), Williams Emotion Management Questionnaire (1997) were implemented. The experimental group was exposed to Self-Compassion-Focused Treatment intervention (Russell Koltz et al., 2016) for 8 sessions, once a week and 90 minutes’ duration each. The control group received none. Then both groups were post tested. Multi- Variate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and Univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to analyze data. The results showed that self-compassion treatment was effective on the management of emotions and resilience of women with emotional divorce who refered to the counseling centers of Andimeshk city. Generally, the women with emotional divorce experience unstable emotions. Such circumstances could cause negative effects on them. The cultural factors could also play a significant role to increase the emotional divorce risk in women.

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of compassion in the relationship between emotional intelligence and the psychological well-being of adolescent girls. The research method used was descriptive correlation using structural modeling. The statistical population included teenage girls from first to third grades (second secondary) of high schools in Melair City in the academic year of 2022-2023, and 452 people were selected as the sample size by the available sampling method. The research tools included   Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (RSPWB) Riff (1989), Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) Shot et al. (1998), and Compassion Questionnaire (CS) Nas and Sack (2020). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed that emotion regulation (P=0.002) and emotion exploitation (P=0.005) as two components of emotional intelligence as well as compassion (P=0.05) have a significant direct effect on psychological well-being. However, emotional expression did not significantly affect psychological well-being (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that emotion regulation (P=0.04) has an important indirect effect on psychological well-being, but emotion exploitation and emotion expression did not show a significant indirect effect (P<0.05). These results show that compassion, considering the role of emotion regulation as a component of emotional intelligence, can explain the psychological well-being of adolescent girls.