طرحواره درمانی

Low treatment adherence in patients with MS leads to poor treatment outcomes and higher care costs. Studies have reported on the effect of schema therapy to improvement adherence to treatment, also, emotion-oriented therapy by empowering effect on this. However, compares the effect these in patients with MS has been overlooked.

the aim of this syudy is to compare the efficacy of schema therapy & emotion-oriented therapy on adherence to treatment in patients with MS.

Research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post- test, three-month follow-up with control group. The statistical population consist of all patients suffering from MS who in the second half of 2020 referred to the Iranian MS Association to receive services in Tehran. Sampling method was Purposful. 60 available patients selected (twenty in each experimental group) and replaced randomly in experimental groups. twenty other patients placed in control group and did not receive any training. The adherence to treatment Inventory (seyd fatemi et al., 2018) was administered pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Packages were schema therapy package (Young et al, 2016) and emotion-oriented therapy package (Gilbert & Goldman, 2019). Both applied on experimental groups (sixty minutes each session) weekly and the control group did not receive any therapy. The data analyzed by mixed analysis variance and SPSS.

Results showed that both of schema therapy & emotion-oriented therapy were affected the same on increasing to adherence to treatment (p< 0.001). Three- month follow-up confirmed these results. Use to schema therapy & emotion-oriented therapy (especially schema therapy) can to increase to adherence to treatment in patients with MS.

With the two methods of schema therapy and emotion-oriented therapy, it is possible to improve treatment compliance in MS patients. The mentioned findings can help therapists in choosing the type of treatment in these patients.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychology therapy with schema therapy on quality of life and irrational beliefs in couples seeking divorce. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with two experimental groups and one control group, using a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. The statistical population consisted of all couples seeking divorce who referred to counseling centers in Ahvaz. Using purposive sampling, 45 individuals were selected and randomly assigned to three groups. Experimental group 1 received eight 90-minute sessions of positive psychology interventions, while experimental group 2 received ten 90-minute sessions of schema therapy. The control group received no intervention. The instruments used were Jones's irrational beliefs questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale. The findings were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance and post-hoc tests. The results indicated that both interventions had significant effects on quality of life and irrational beliefs in both the post-test and follow-up. Positive psychology therapy was more effective in increasing quality of life, whereas schema therapy had greater effectiveness in reducing irrational beliefs. Therefore, both therapies can significantly contribute to addressing family issues and preventing divorce.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on self-blame and cognitive avoidance in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to neighborhood counseling centers in District 22 of Tehran in 1402, from which a sample of 30 women who scored high on the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Questionnaire (Y-BOCS, Yale-Brown, 1986) was selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups (experimental group and control group) with 15 women in each group. First, both groups were assessed using the Self-Blame Scale (SBS, Gilbert et al., 2004) and the Cognitive Avoidance Scale (CAQ, Sexton and Dugas, 2008). Then the experimental group underwent the schema therapy intervention of Young and Klosko (2003) for 8 sessions. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance tests. The results of the data analysis showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there was a significant difference at the 0.05 level between the mean post-test of self-blame and cognitive avoidance in the two groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that schema therapy was effective in reducing self-blame and cognitive avoidance in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on the tolerance of ambiguity and difficulty in regulating the emotions of drug addicts. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included substance-dependent patients who were referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran in 1402. Among these, 34 people were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental (17 people) and control (17 people) groups. Research tools included the Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire (ATQ) by McLean (2009) and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation (DERS) by Gratz and Roemer (2004). Schema therapy was performed on the experimental group in 10 sessions of 90 minutes with the frequency of one session per week. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups and schema therapy increased the tolerance of ambiguity (p<0.05) and reduced the difficulty in emotion regulation (p<0.05) in substance-dependent people. It also had a lasting effect in the follow-up period (p>0.05). According to the obtained results, addiction specialists can use schema therapy to emphasize increasing the tolerance of ambiguity and reducing the difficulty in regulating the emotions of drug addicts.

It seems that despite the significant role of worry and uncertainty intolerance in occurrence, maintaining and intensify the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, few interventions have targeted such variables.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on worry states and intolerance of uncertainty in patient with generalized anxiety disorder.

The research method was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a 45-day follow-up stage by control group. The study population included all people with generalized anxiety disorder referred to 40 psychological counseling centers in the 18th district of Tehran in 2023 which among those 34 cases were selected through available sampling and they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The Experimental group received schema therapy (Young, 2008) sessions for eight 90-minutes sessions. All participants were assessed by the generalized anxiety disorder scale- 7 item (Spitzer et al, 2006), Pen state worry questionnaire (Meyer et al, 1990) and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (Freeston et al, 1994). Data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software and MANOVA with repeated measure test.

The results demonstrated that schema therapy is effective in reducing worry states and intolerance of uncertainty (p< 0.01) and that this effect is long-lasting (p< 0.01).

According to the findings of the study, therapists and clinical specialists should consider schema therapy as an effective treatment strategy for generalized anxiety disorder.

 The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of schema therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive flexibility and quality of life in conflicting couples.

 This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The sample consisted of 24 conflicting couples who were randomly divided into three groups: schema therapy group (8 couples), ACT group (8 couples), and control group (8 couples). Both experimental groups received seven 120-minute sessions of intervention. The research tools included the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

 The results showed that both experimental groups experienced significant improvements in cognitive flexibility and quality of life compared to the control group. Furthermore, the follow-up results indicated that these improvements in the schema therapy and ACT groups were sustained two months after the interventions. However, no significant difference was found between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic approaches.

 Based on the findings of this study, both schema therapy and ACT can effectively increase cognitive flexibility and improve the quality of life in conflicting couples. These results highlight the effectiveness of these approaches in reducing marital conflicts and enhancing the psychological well-being of couples.

Past traumatic experiences with primary caregivers lead to the formation of cognitive and behavioral patterns that serve as styles of thinking and acting. These patterns are maladaptive strategies that disrupt emotional regulation. On the other hand, "corrective emotional experiences" in the approaches of schema therapy and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy help change dysfunctional patterns and regulate emotions in traumatized individuals. using a single-case study method. The study population included all individuals aged 18 to 40 in Tehran who, in 2023, volunteered to participate in the research following the project announcement.  Finally, six individuals were selected through purposive sampling. Subsequently, the cognitive and behavioral emotion regulation questionnaires were administered to each individual at the baseline (2 to 4 times), intervention (3 times), and follow-up (1 time) stages. The results of visual and statistical analysis between the intervention and baseline conditions, including Cohen's d effect size, non-overlapping and overlapping data, changes in the median and mean, and absolute level changes,indicated the effectiveness of both treatments oncognitive and behavioral emotion regulation.However, schema therapy was more effective than intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in improving emotion regulation.

Eating disorders are one of the common mental and psychosomatic disorders that cause many problems in the physical health and mental performance of a person. Many people with bulimia have mental rumination regarding their body type. Patients who engage in mental rumination consider it a way to gain insight into their problem and through it they focus on themselves, the problematic situation and their feelings. In other words, they think that mental rumination helps them to solve their problems, while answering problems through mental rumination causes more tension and problems. On the other hand, self-acceptance in these people is lower than others. A person with low agreeableness tends to seek isolation and is afraid of and avoids communication with others. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of therapeutic schema training in comparison with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with self-acceptance and rumination in women with diabetes and anorexia nervosa.

This is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population was all women with simultaneous disorder of diabetes and psychogenic anorexia in Mashhad city in the first half of 1402 who had referred to medical centers. 45 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly divided into three groups: schema therapy (15 people), acceptance and commitment therapy (15 people) and control group (15 people). Chamberland and Haga (2001) questionnaire was used to evaluate self-efficacy, and Trinoor et al. The therapeutic schema experimental group underwent the educational package intervention of Yang et al. (2003) and the acceptance and commitment experimental group underwent the therapeutic intervention of Hizo colleagues (2012) for ten one-hour sessions. The data was analyzed by the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements.

 The results showed that the intervention of therapeutic schema and acceptance and commitment is effective on mental rumination (P<0.01), (F=29.63) and self-acceptance (P<0.01), (F=49.83) and this The effect is stable in the follow-up phase. The results of Shefe's follow-up test showed that there is a significant difference in self-acceptance and rumination between the two groups of acceptance and commitment and therapeutic schema (P<0.05); Therefore, acceptance and commitment have had a greater effect on reducing rumination and increasing women's self-acceptance.

 According to the results, it can be said that by teaching psychological treatment approaches such as schema and acceptance and commitment therapy, women can be helped in controlling diabetes and preventing their nervous overeating. Also, by controlling binge eating, they can be protected from the side effects of physical, psychological and social damage of binge eating, and thus have healthier mothers and a healthier society.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching schema therapy concepts on cognitive avoidance and ambiguity tolerance in adolescents with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all people with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to counseling and psychology centers in Sanandaj in 1402, based on the purposeful sampling method, 30 people were randomly selected into the experimental group (N=15) and the control group (N=15). were replaced The measurement tools were Yale-Brown's (1989) Yale-Brown's (Y-BOCS-BDD), Cognitive Avoidance (CAQ, 2004), and Tolerance of Ambiguity (IUS) Friston et al. (1994). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes for 4 consecutive weeks (2 sessions each week) and the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical data analysis was done using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results showed that the difference between the pre-test and post-test stages of cognitive avoidance (P<0.001) and follow-up pre-test (P<0.001) was significant. Also, the difference between the pre-test and post-test stages of ambiguity tolerance (P<0.001) and the follow-up pre-test (P<0.001) were significant; which shows the effectiveness of research intervention in these variables; Therefore, by using schema therapy training, it is possible to help reduce cognitive avoidance and increase ambiguity tolerance in adolescents with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The escalating importance of physical attractiveness, concerns regarding body image, and fear of bodily appearance can significantly influence the decision to undergo cosmetic surgery. While the efficacy of various interventions on variables such as body shame and signs of body dysmorphic disorder has been examined, the effectiveness of schema therapy has not received sufficient attention from researchers. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the impact of this intervention on improving the psychological status of individuals seeking cosmetic surgery.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on perfectionism, body shame and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder in women seeking cosmetic surgery.

This study employed a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all women seeking cosmetic surgery at the Fatemeh Zahra Beauty Clinic in Tehran during the first 9 months of 2021. Among them, 30 participants were selected based on the study's inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group received schema therapy sessions (Yang et al., 2006) for ten 90-minute sessions. All participants were evaluated using multidimensional measures of perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991), body image shame (Davard et al., 2014), and fear of physical deformity (Littleton et al., 2005). Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results indicated the effectiveness of schema therapy on reducing perfectionism, body shame and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (p< 0.05). Also, the results related to the interaction effect between time and group show that this effect is significant in all variables (p< 0.05). Therefore, there is interaction between different levels of time and groups.

Considering to the effectiveness of schema therapy it is suggested to focus on this therapy as one of the auxiliary, supportive and rehabilitation therapy along with drug treatment in reducing the consequences of perfectionism, body shame and the symptoms of dysmorphic disorder.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and shame of body interpretation in girls with body dysmorphic disorder. The research method is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included adolescent girls suffering from body deformity disorder in the city of Qom in the period of 2023, using the non-random sampling method, 30 adolescent girls were randomly selected into two experimental groups (15 people) and Witnesses (15 people) were replaced. The experimental group received 10 sessions of group therapy schema, 1 session per week and each session for 2 hours, as a therapeutic intervention. To collect data, Lajerka's Adolescent Social Anxiety Questionnaire (1999), Lori's (1983) Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire, and Durat et al.'s (2014) Body Shame Questionnaire were used. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and covariance analysis. The results of the research showed that schema therapy training was effective on social anxiety (0.35), fear of negative evaluation (0.53), and shame from body interpretation (0.30) in girls with body dysmorphic disorder. According to the findings of this research, schema therapy can be used as a therapeutic strategy to reduce social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and shame from body interpretation in girls with body dysmorphic disorder.

Gender dysphoria is a psychological condition that presents individuals with identity challenges from childhood to adulthood. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Reality Therapy based on Choice Theory and Schema Therapy on dimensions of identity in individuals with gender dysphoria (transsexuals). The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, control group, and follow-up period. The population consisted of all individuals with gender dysphoria referred to the Mehtaa Association in Tehran in 2023. A purposeful sampling method was used to select 45 individuals who were randomly assigned to three groups of 15: Reality Therapy, Schema Therapy, and a control group. Data was collected using the Chick et al. (2000) Identity Dimensions Scale and analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA. The results showed that both Reality Therapy based on Choice Theory and Schema Therapy were effective in improving the personal and relational dimensions of identity in individuals with gender dysphoria but had no significant effect on the social and collective dimensions of identity. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the mean scores between the post-test and follow-up phases, and the effectiveness of the interventions was maintained during the follow-up period. The findings suggest that both Reality Therapy based on Choice Theory and Schema Therapy are effective in improving the dimensions of identity in individuals with gender dysphoria. Therefore, by employing the techniques of these two approaches, the dimensions of identity involved in gender dysphoria can be strengthened or preserved.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of group schema therapy in reducing perceived rejection, social anxiety, and rumination in adolescents from divorced families. This study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population consisted of all adolescents aged 14 to 18 from divorced families in Jowim County in 2023. 30 adolescents were selected based on inclusion criteria using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental (n= 15) or control (n= 15) group. The experimental group received group schema therapy intervention in ten 45-60 minute sessions. Data were collected using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, the Peer Rejection Scale, and the Ruminative Responses Scale. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that group schema therapy significantly reduced post-test mean scores of perceived rejection, social anxiety, and rumination in adolescents from divorced families (P< 0.05). Group schema therapy is an effective intervention for improving the psychological and relational problems of adolescents from divorced families.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy based on choice theory and schema therapy on the cognitive flexibility of gender dysphoria (transsexual). The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population included all the people with gender dysphoria who referred to the Mehta Association in Tehran in 1401, using available sampling methods, 45 people were randomly selected into two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). were replaced The research tool included Dennis and Vander Waal's cognitive flexibility questionnaire. Data analysis was done using mixed analysis of variance test in SPSS-26 software. The findings showed that according to F in the perception of different options (4.342), perception of controllability(9.706) and perception of justification of behavior (4.914) was greater than F 0.05, therefore reality therapy based on choice theory and Schema therapy has been effective on the dimensions of cognitive flexibility. Also, according to the absolute value of the calculated t index [perception of different options (1.079), perception of controllability (0.564), and perception of justification of behavior (1.293)] smaller than B05.0, there was no significant difference in the average scores of people in the post-test and follow-up stage,and the effectiveness of the interventions in the follow-up stage has also been established.The results showed that reality therapy based on choice theory and schema therapy is effective on the cognitive flexibility of people with gender boredom and can improve this component.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on rumination, depression, and personality function of women with bulimia nervosa. The semi-experimental research method was pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of women in Tehran who were diagnosed with bulimia nervosa in 2023. 30 women were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups in accordance with the research's inclusion criteria. Rumination (RQ), Beck depression (BDI), and personality function (PFQ) questionnaires were implemented to evaluate the groups. Following ten 90-minute schema therapy sessions for the experimental group, the participants responded to the research questionnaire again. Finally, the data were subjected to multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS-24. Schema therapy significantly decreased rumination (F=23.51), depression (F=50.04), and increased intimacy (F=47.16), empathy (F=41.83), and self-direction (F=30/04) and identity (F=32/77) in women with bulimia nervosa (P<0.01). The results indicate that schema therapy has reduced psychological disorders and enhanced the personality function of women with bulimia nervosa. Measures should be implemented to identify and treat vulnerable populations in light of the significant changes in people's lifestyles that the COVID-19 pandemic has induced.

In today's era, human knowledge has made many advances in the field of controlling and treating various diseases and medical science. However, cancer is still the second leading cause of death, and in other words, breast cancer is considered one of the most important diseases of the present century, which is one of the most common cancers in women, accounting for 32% of women's cancers. Even though this disease has a traumatic nature and causes problems in all aspects of life, fighting it after diagnosis and treatment can lead to positive changes, which is referred to as post-traumatic growth. Another variable that can affect various aspects of the lives of people with breast cancer and act as a shield against diseases and traumatic events is psychological capital. Therefore, it is important to promote post-traumatic growth and psychological capital in people with breast cancer. In this regard, the current research seeks to answer the question of whether schema therapy has a significant effect on post-traumatic growth and psychological capital in women with breast cancer. The design of the current research was a quasi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test. The research population consisted of women with breast cancer who were referred to the oncology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA) in Tehran from 2019 to 2020. Among these people, 20 people were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly placed in the experimental and control groups (each group includes 10 people). To collect data, the tools of Tedeschi and Calhoun's post-traumatic growth Inventory (1996) and Luthans’s Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007) were used. Young’s (2006)schema therapy training sessions were conducted in 20 60-minute sessions weekly, while the control group received no intervention. Data analysis was also done using covariance analysis in the SPSS-23 environment. The findings showed that schema therapy has an effect on post-traumatic growth and psychological capital in women with breast cancer (P<0.05). So the average post-traumatic growth and psychological capital in the experimental group increased in the post-test phase compared to the pre-test. According to the results presented about the descriptive indicators and the difference between the two test and control groups in the post-test of these indicators, it can be said that schema therapy increases post-traumatic growth and psychological capital in women with breast cancer. Schema therapy focuses on the deepest levels of cognition, i.e. schemas and the internalized voice of parents, and teaches clients to become aware of the root of their thoughts. It also helps them to evaluate the correctness of their schemas and examine the evidence that confirms and rejects them, and in this way, question negative thoughts and schemas, and change your approach to the future, the world, and yourself. In other words, first the early maladaptive schemas are identified and then they change and adaptive schemas replace them. In the behavioral pattern-breaking stage, clients were taught how to replace the schema behavioral pattern with healthier coping styles. Also, by correcting the schema of incompetence and shame, people realized their personal abilities and strengths and were able to think about their own values ​​and set goals for themselves, which led to their lives becoming meaningful and valuable and they were able to make spiritual changes in their lives. In this way, schema therapy can help a person to achieve post-traumatic growth and psychological capital. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that by using schema therapy, post-traumatic growth and psychological capital can be increased in women with breast cancer.

The purpose of this research is to the determine effectiveness of Schema Therapy with an emphasis on Schema Modes on Rumination and Perfectionism of people with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research design was a quasi-experimental type with experimental and control groups in two stages, pre-test and post-test. The current research population included all patients (men and women) suffering from treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder living in Tehran, who had visited psychological clinics in Tehran since 1400-1401 30 people were selected as the sample size from among the patients suffering from treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder Tehran city, using the purposeful sampling method and using the random replacement method into two The group (15 people in the experimental group, 15 people in the control group) were divided. Data collection tools include the Rumination Scale (RRS, Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991), Frost's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS, Frost, 1990), Revised Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire (OCI- R, Foa & et al, 2002) has been The schema therapy protocol was implemented on the experimental group during 12 weekly 90-minute sessions. The results showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is a significant difference between the post-test mean of rumination and perfectionism in the two experimental and control groups (p<0.001). It can be concluded that schema therapy has been effective in the process of rumination and perfectionism in people with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of couple therapy based on schema therapy in the rejection sensitivity and tendency to marital infidelity in married women in Isfahan. In terms of purpose, the present study was practical, and in terms of method, it was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all women with marital conflicts who had been referred to the counseling centers in the 5th and 6th districts of Isfahan in 2023. Using the convenient sampling method, 30 women were selected and were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The research instruments included the Rejection Sensitivity questionnaire and the Marital Infidelity Tendency scale. The experimental group received 14 90-minute sessions of couple therapy intervention based on schema therapy. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that couples therapy based on schema therapy had a significant effect on rejection sensitivity and marital infidelity in married women (P<0.001), and this effect was sustained in the one-month follow-up phase (P<0.001). The results showed that couples therapy based on schema therapy had a significant effect on rejection sensitivity and tendency to marital infidelity in married women (P < 0.001), and this effect was sustained in the one-month follow-up phase (P < 0.001). Based on the results of the present study, it could be concluded that couple therapy based on schema therapy is an efficient treatment to reduce rejection sensitivity and the tendency to marital infidelity.

The present study was conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of Emotion-focused therapyand schema-therapy on the feeling of loneliness and emotional divorce of infertile women.

The research method was semi-experimental which was implemented with two experimental groups, a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all married women who had infertility problems and had referred to the Milad Infertility Center of Mashhad in the winter of 1400. 45 people were selected as available and randomly replaced in 3 groups of 15 people. The instrument used in this study was the loneliness questionnaire .The emotional divorce questionnaire answered in the pre-test. The experimental groups were then trained in eight 90-minute sessions with anEmotion-focused therapy and schema therapy. The control group did not receive any intervention. After completing the sessions, the post-test was performed.

Data were analyzed using 26spss software and analysis of variance method was repeated. The results showed that in the post-test and follow-up stages, there was a significant difference between the experimental groups, Emotion-focused therapy and schema therapy with the control group (P < 0.001). The effectiveness of the schema-therapy approach has had a greater effect on women's loneliness and emotional divorce than schema therapy.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy training in comparison to acceptance and commitment approach training (ACT) with the psychological distress of women with bulimia nervosa.

The current research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population was all women with bulimia nervosa in Mashhad city in the year of 2023 who had visited the treatment centers, 45 of whom were randomly selected and randomly assigned to schema therapy (15 people), acceptance and commitment therapy (15 people) And the control group (15 people) was divided. The experimental group of schema therapy was subjected to the intervention of Yang et al.'s educational package (2003) and the experimental group of acceptance and commitment was subjected to the therapeutic intervention of Hayes et al, (2012) for ten one-hour sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that the intervention of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment is effective on psychological disturbance (P=0.001), (F=49.83) and this effect is stable in the follow-up phase. The results of Shefe's follow-up test showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy in the effectiveness of reducing psychological disturbance (P=0.05); Therefore, acceptance and commitment have had a greater effect on reducing women's psychological turmoil.

According to the results, it can be said: by teaching psychological treatment approaches such as schema and acceptance and commitment to women, it is possible to help them lose weight and prevent their bulimia nervosa. Also, by controlling bulimia, they can be protected from the side effects of physical, psychological and social damage of bulimia, thus having healthier mothers and a healthier society.