فرایند خانواده

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of self-differentiation training on improving family process and content in demanding couples with contested divorce.

A quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and two-months follow-up with control group was used. The statistical population included couples who mutually consented for divorce, and had referred to the counselling clinic of Behravan in Qazvin in 2018. Ten couples (20 participants) were selected through purposeful sampling and assigned in experimental and control groups. Research tools included Samani’s (2008) family process and content questionnaire. Self-differentiation was administered for the experimental group in 10 weekly 90-minute sessions. The changes of family process and content was measured in posttest and follow-up and data were analyzed by repeated measurement.

Results indicated that self-differentiation significantly have promoted family process (P<0.01, F=21.14) and family content (P<0.01, F= 23.32). This effect was observed in follow-up, and four couples gave up the divorce requests (P>0.01, t= 0.01).

self-differentiation training, thorough empowering couples, helps in moderating between reason and emotions; while differentiaton of self from original family, affects the functions of family process and content. Therefore, it can be used as an efficient psycho-educational package for improving the functions of family process and content in divorce demanding couples, and may helpprevent divorce

the aim of the current study was to predict internalizing and externalizing symptoms from the content and process of family among adolescence. Two hundred and ninety five students (148 females, 147 males) were selected from schools in districts 6 and 10 of Tehran by the cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Youth Self-report (YSR; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001), the Family Content Scale (SFCS; Samani, 2008) and the Family Process Scale (SFPS; Samani, 2008). The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that family content and family process significantly related to internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that the content and process of family subscales accounted for 22% and 14% variances of the internalizing symptoms and the externalizing symptoms, respectively. The findings suggested that any deficiency in family psychological conditions such as family functions and families capacities could have detrimental effects on behavior and mental health of children. It is argued that as adolescence is a special period these deficiencies may facilitate developing of behavioral problem

The aime current study was to compare was the parent self-efficacy in different types of family based on family process and content model survey method was conducted. Population of this study consisted of all parents of children primary schools of Shiraz city. 348 of parents among children were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling, method and completed Parental self-efficacy, family process, and content model scales. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance statistical method, and by SPSS-18 statistical software. The findings indicated a is difference in parents’ self-efficacy in different types of family concerning family processand content model; healthy families have more self-efficacy than other types of families; parents’ self-efficacy is seperatly different from those in other types of family in family process and content model: and parents and moters of healthy families; have higher self-efficacy significantly comparing to other types of families. In all, this study showed the validity of categorizing families in family process and content model.

The purpose of the study was to explain the difference between self-regulatory of high- school students in different family types based on family process and content model. The research method was descriptive post event. The sample consisted of the second and third of 308(186female, 122male) high-school students in Shiraz. The sampling method was cluster sampling. The self-report family process scale, the self-report family content scale (children form) and motivated strategies for learning questionnaire were used in this study, who confirmed their validity and reliability. There used from ANOVA & MANOVA for data analysis of this research. The results showed that significant difference in healthy family and unhealthy family on cognitive strategies. The difference of self-regulation was between of healthy family with unhealthy family, content problematic family and process problematic family. In sum, this research showed that there is significant difference in terms of self- regulatory among students in these families. In addition, school psychologists and counselors recommended that this issue to consider in consultation with the student.

The purpose of the present research was to predict marital satisfaction based on factors of family process and content among elementary school teachers in Karaj city. Research method was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population were all the married elementary schools teachers in Karaj city in the academic year of 2014-2015. 358 people were selected as the sample through random cluster sampling based on the Morgan table. To collect the، data Marital Adjustment Scale (Spanier، 1976)، Family Process Scale (Samani، 2007/ 1387s. c.) and Family Content Scale (Samani، 2007/1387s. c.) were used. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. The results of stepwise regression showed that، components of family process including decision making and problem solving، communication skills، family solidarity and coping skills، except religious beliefs. can predict marital satisfaction. (P< 0. 001). Also، it was shown that family content components including financial sources، time for being together، occupation and education، physical and mental health and social prestige، except living location and educational facilities، can predict marital satisfaction (P< 0. 001).

Family factors play an important role on onset and persistence of internet addiction and this problem mutually have an impact on family. Therefore present study aimed to investigate the role of family functions and process (parent-child relation quality) in teenager’s tendency to internet addiction.
To this end, 384 teenager students among Shiraz City schools were selected by multi stage cluster sampling and instruments were completed by them and their parents. The instruments completed by teenagers were Internet Addiction Questionnaire (IAQ) and the Parent-Child Relationship Scale, and instruments completed by parents were Family Assessment Device (FAD).
Findings: Results showed that total function, relationship, emotional responding, emotional involvement and behavioral control were strongly correlated with internet addiction but roles had a weak relationship with it. Regression analyses revealed total function, relationship, emotional responding and emotional involvement are significant predictors of internet addiction in which they could explain about 78 percent of internet addiction variance. Results of family process showed quality of relationship with mother and father are correlated with internet addiction negatively and regression analysis indicates quality of relationship with parents is significant predictor of internet addiction and it could explain 53 percent of internet addiction variance.
Family function and process have an important role on internet addiction and families with disturbed functions and parent-child relationship have more tendencies to use internet pathologically.

The purpose of this study was done to explain the difference between dimensions of self-regulatory learning strategies in high-school students in different family types based on family process and content model. The research method was descriptive and post event. For this reason multistage cluster sampling was selected between second and third of 308 (186 female, 122 male) high-school students in Shiraz. The information was collected from self-report family process scale and self-report family content scale (children form) and motivated strategies for learning questionnaire were used that their validity and reliability has been confirmed. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA & MANOVA. The results showed that cognitive strategies have significant difference in healthy family and unhealthy family. Also results showed that there is difference in self- regulatory learning strategies among students in different family types. And is recommended to school psychologists and counselors that this issue should be considered in consultation with the student.

To study the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral group therapy، and to improve processes in households of Birjand’s families with addicted members، a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest and control group was used. The sample of the study، employing random and available sampling selection، consisted of 30 families، with addicted members who came to Birjand Addiction Treatment Centers for addiction treatment. These 30 families were divided into two 15-member groups (functioning as Experimental and Control Groups). Family process questionnaire was selected as the instrument for this research. For data analysis، SPSS software Covariance Statistical Analysis Test and Independent- T statistical analysis were employed. The findings showed statistically significant differences between the differential average scores of the two groups. Also، the results of covariance analysis showed there was a significant difference between the two groups (f=3/27، f=11/45). This was indicative of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group which could improve the family processes of addiction and could create practical results in the process of improving the quality of family. Through family education programs، the quality of people''s attitudes towards addicted families could be improved if preliminary control and preventive drugs were provided for them.

The purpose of this study was to exam the happiness among different family types based on Family Process and Content Model (FPC Model). The sample of the study consisted of 312 high school students in Shiraz. Sampling method was cluster sampling. Self-Report Family Process Scale (SFPS), Self-Report Family Content Scale (SFCS), and Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) were used in this study. The results of MANOVA revealed that there is a significant difference among family types in happiness. Also the results showed that there are significant differences among family types in different dimensions of Oxford Happiness Inventory: life satisfaction, efficacy, health, and positive manner. In sum, the research clarified that family processes is an important factor to determine the happiness in high school students.

This research was conducted to study the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and conflict resolution styles with the family process and content. For this purpose, 400 adolescents aged 15 to 17 years old were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data was gathered using cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), coping strategies conflict (ROCI-II) and Family process (SFPS) and family content (SFCS). Data were analyzed by multiple regression (stepwise) and path analysis.The results showed that 12% of the variance of obliging was accounted by linear combination of decision-making and problem-solving and positive refocusing, 11% of the variance with of integrating was accounted by linear combination of cohesion and mutual respect and a positive evaluation staffs, 23% of the variance with of dominating was accounted by linear combination of avoidant coping skills and self-blame.31% of the variance with of avoiding was accounted by linear combination of communication skills and determination to be disastrous.

The purpose of this research was to explore whether the adolescent's evaluation on her/his family content and family process are more likely to be associated with her or his anxiety, stress and depression. The work was conducted on a sample of 200 adolescents ranging in age from 15 to 17 years who completed measures of Family Content, Family Process, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. The results identified family dimensions as two significant predictors for adolescent's anxiety but, none of them had the enough ability to predict the rate of stress. Also this data showed that the family process was the only significant predictor for adolescent's anxiety. Finally, among the family process and content subscales, just decision making, time for being together, and educational facilities were salient in this research

The aim of this research was to study the effect of gender, family process, and family social context on self-discrepancy. The sample of this study includes 388 high school students from Shiraz and Kazeron (mean age=17.37, SD=0.52). The sampling method was random cluster sampling. Family cohesion scale, family religious beliefs scale, and self-discrepancy scale were used in this study. The results of this study revealed that gender, father and mother cohesion, family religious beliefs, and social context predict self-discrepancy of adolescents significantly. Also the results of this study confirmed the family process and content model.