فرزندان طلاق

Adapting to the divorce of parents is one of the challenges that the children of divorce face, the absence of which can cause adverse consequences for the children of divorce and the society. The current research was conducted with the aim of qualitatively studying the process of children's adaptation to parents' divorce, in 1401 using the grounded theory method. The participants of the research are children of divorced girls living in Tehran who were between 20 and 30 years old and at least 5 years have passed since their parents' divorce. The findings from the semi-structured interview with 12 participants were based on the principle of theoretical saturation, and the findings were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin method. Analyzing the data obtained from the interview in the field of qualitative study of the process of children's adaptation to parental divorce, led to the identification of 11 core codes of "resilience", "support networks", "favorable economic situation", "quality of parenting", "acceptance of divorce by parents","getting away from stressful situations","environmental and peripheral factors", "effective coping", "maintaining dynamism", "cognitive reframing", "growth after trauma" and "active self-care" were selected. The results of this research, while increasing insight into the process of adapting to parental divorce, provide sufficient ground for developing educational and practical programs with the aim of increasing adaptation to parental divorce and can greatly reduce the harm caused by parental divorce.

This research was conducted with the main purpose of investigating the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on positive thinking skills and interpersonal conflicts in children of divorce. The research design was semi-experimental (pre-test and post-test). The statistical population of the present study included all the children of divorce who referred to Darala Karam charity institution in Qom city in the spring of 1402. The sample size was targeted, 30 people were selected from the statistical population, who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Ingram and Visnicki's positive thinking questionnaire and Jen's interpersonal conflict questionnaire were used to collect data. Then cognitive behavioral therapy according to Beck's cognitive and behavioral therapy protocol during 8 sessions of 90 minutes (once a week) was provided to the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. After the meetings, a post-test was taken from the two groups. The results of the multivariate covariance analysis test showed that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective on positive thinking skills and interpersonal conflicts in children of divorce. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that cognitive behavioral therapy courses be held by counselors in counseling centers and schools in order to reduce the interpersonal conflicts of children of divorce.

This study aimed to investigate the experience of spouse selection in children of divorce.

The present study was a qualitative phenomenological type. The present study's statistical population included 6 women and 4 men who wanted to divorce and had experienced the divorce of their parents in Kermanshah in 2022. The participants were selected by the available sampling method and the sampling continued until data saturation. The data were first recorded and coded to analyze the data, and then they were analyzed using the thematic analysis method.

The results of the research included 6 main themes and 19 sub-themes of the participants' experiences. The sub-themes included negative social attitude, problems of not being distinguished from the family, psychological problems, communication problems with the spouse and the spouse's family, feeling valuable as a person different from the parents, and adapting and building a life different from the parents.

The results of the research showed that the children of divorce have negative experiences during the formation of life and marriage, which can lead to wrong choices or incompatibility and mental health problems in them. On the other hand, they also have positive experiences that make them learn from their parent's mistakes and seek education and counseling services to improve their marital life satisfaction and lead a better life than their parents.

Divorce is one of the most important phenomena of human life, which disturbs not only couples' mental balance, but also children's mental balance. Based on this, it becomes important to study the psychological status of children of divorce in adulthood, with the understanding of this importance, the present study was conducted to investigate the psychological status of children of divorce in adulthood.

This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants included the children of divorce in Tehran, who had been divorced for 10 years, and 18 people were selected as key informants through the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of review by participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding.

The research findings showed that the psychological status of children of divorce has positive and negative indicators in both childhood and adulthood dimensions.

The positive aspect of childhood is companionship and empathy with the guardian parent, support and warmth of the guardian parent, liberation and satisfaction of the guardian parent. Among other positive indicators, we can mention the feeling of satisfaction with life without conflict and conflict, support from others (family and friends). Negative indicators such as loss of family, fear of telling the truth because of people's judgments, children experience a kind of fear and apprehension after the divorce and following the events that happened during the separation process and after; Not having or lack of intimate relationships, being rejected, losing a supporter, having difficulty in arranging the daily affairs of life, creating contexts according to personal values and needs.

Each parent plays a vital role in the life of their children and intergenerational transmission of divorce shows that children who experience the divorce of their parents are more exposed to marital injuries. the goal of this study was to design and validate a model for preventing the intergenerational transmission of divorce in the children of single guardians due to divorce and its effectiveness on boredom and marital expectations.

The present research was conducted with a mixed exploratory type. For the qualitative part of the research, classical grounded theory was used, while for the quantitative part a quasi-experimental method of experimental group - control group with pre and post test with follow-up was used. Research participants in the qualitative section included interviews with 26 couples with single-parent families resulting from divorce and the research sample in quantitative part included 32 couples with a single-parent family due to divorce. The qualitative part of the research was conducted with semi-structured interviews and the research tools in the quantitative part included the Omiedvar Marital Expectations and Pines Marital Burnout Questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, repeated measurement analysis of variance was used.

From the total findings of the qualitative section, five main categories which expressed the marital damage of single-parent children caused by divorce discover and based on them and the opinion of experts the model for prevention of intergenerational transmission of divorce in single-parent children due to divorce was designed. Data analysis showed the effectiveness of the divorce prevention model on intergenerational transmission of divorce on boredom and marital expectations (p<0.01).

Based on the results of the present study, the model presented in this study can be used in preventing intergenerational transfer of divorce and to ensure and enduring married life for children of divorce

Parents’ divorce is one of the most common stressors for children and has severe consequences for children of divorce (Quchani et al., 2021). A meta-analysis of 92 studies published in the 1980s (Amato & Keith, 1991) and 67 studies in the 1990s (Amato, 2001) showed that children of divorce experience more behavioral, internalizing, social, and academic problems than other children. Adolescents from divorced families are more likely to be involved in drug and alcohol abuse (Hoffmann & Johnson, 1998). They are also two or three times more likely to have significant mental health problems and use mental health services (Hetherington et al., 1992). Moreover, excessive aggression, stress, low self-esteem, and poor relationships with peers are more common in these children (Wolchik et al., 2009). Parents play a central role in facilitating the optimal adjustment of children after divorce. Besides, the skills and resources required to successfully resolve early developmental tasks after divorce are important tools for overcoming future challenges (Patterson & Fisher, 2002).Mothers are more affected by the consequences of divorce than fathers (Wickrama et al., 2022). They are more affected by psycho-emotional issues than men, and are more concerned about their children and their fate than fathers (Akhavan Tafti, 2003). The New Beginnings Program (Wolchik et al., 2009) is an experimental program to help divorced mothers improve their ability for adapting to their children’s conditions. The program is an experimentally evaluated program for children of divorced parents, in which custodial mothers act as mediators of change. This study examines whether the New Beginnings Program affects the parenting self-efficacy of divorced mothers and the adjustment of children of divorce.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The research population consisted of divorced mothers in Ahvaz who were the custodians of their children aged 5 to 13 and who applied to participate in the New Beginnings Program. The participants were 30 divorced mothers who were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly placed into the intervention and control groups each with 15 members. The data were collected through the Parental Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and the Child Adjustment Scale. The New Beginnings Program was conducted for 10 sessions, once a week and for 90 minutes only for the participants in the intervention group. The data gathered from the two groups were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The results of one-way ANCOVA for parenting self-efficacy (F=307.05) and children’s social adjustment (F=192.57) showed significant differences between the intervention and control groups. The mean scores of parenting self-efficacy for the participants in the intervention and control groups were 55.53 and 29.33, respectively, after the intervention, showing a significant increase in parenting self-efficacy for the participants in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention. Moreover, the mean scores of the children’s social adjustment for the participants in the intervention and control groups were 78.80 and 33.87, respectively, after the intervention, confirming a significant increase in the children’s social adjustment for the participants in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention.

Some divorced mothers feel incompetent and ineffective in parenting after divorce. Thus, the main goal of the New Beginnings Program is to teach correct parenting and childrearing skills to mothers to help them establish a correct relationship with their children. This program also empowers mothers to develop a sense of efficiency, self-worth, and parenting self-efficacy. Mothers can also develop effective listening and problem-solving skills, helping them to spend adequate time responding correctly to their children. The program also helps mothers develop effective childrearing and anger management skills. Thus, the New Beginnings Program can positively affect the self-efficacy of divorced mothers and their children’s social adjustment. The program also contributes to fostering warm behavior, acceptance, and support in these women to become more effective mothers for their children and teach them skills to prevent future problems. The mothers participating in this study were able to create a safe and welcoming environment for themselves and their children and develop a more positive attitude towards themselves. Moreover, it seems that changing some childrearing misconceptions in mothers can help to improve social adjustment in children of divorce. Providing training for mothers to establish effective communication with the child, turning negative cycles of dialogue into positive cycles, paying attention to good behavior, encouraging children to behave well and speak well using favorable outcomes, removing obstacles to father-child visits, and protecting the child from parents’ problems during training sessions are some strengths of the New Beginnings Program, which enhanced the children’s social adjustment in the post-intervention phase.

The tensions caused by the onset of the corona epidemic and the significant changes that have taken place in the family cause many problems for the children of divorce. Divorce and separation of parents are the cause of many problems, including disorders in the educational performance of children. The aim of the present study was to compare the academic motivation, attitudes toward school of divorced children with normal counterparts in the corona epidemic. The statistical population of the study included all high school students in the academic year 2020-2021, of whom 25 were normal families and 25 were divorced families by simple random sampling. The design of the present study was comparative and all subjects completed the tools used: Abdolkhodaei (2008), attitudes toward McCouch School (2001). The results were analyzed using SPSS software and covariance test between the experimental and control groups. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control components in all components of academic motivation and attitudes toward school.

Divorce is a reality in the lives of many people around the world. This phenomenon is affecting people's lives in many ways and is the origin of complex emotional, cognitive and physical changes in the family, especially children. In this regard, this study was conducted to explore the lived experience of children of divorce about their emotional experiences. In this qualitative study, a phenomenological framework was adopted. The population under study was 17 adolescents aged 12-18 years old; who had experienced the separation of their parents. The participants were selected purposively, and selection continued until data saturation. Data collected by semi-structured and face-to-face individual interviews. The data were analyzed using the Colaizzi`s proposed stages. The thematic analysis resulted in three sub-themes for emotional experiences including anger and hate, fear and feeling of defenseless. According to findings, the adolescents participating in the study faced with a variety of emotions and experiences during the divorce and thereafter. Based on the results, children of divorce have numerous mental and environmental perceptions and experiences which in some cases can affect their well-being and mental health. The results emphasize the need for a deeper explanation of the lived experience of these people by psychologists and social workers and implementing therapeutic interventions based on the content derived from the present study, focusing on improving their emotional states.