فرسودگی عاطفی

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of negative gossip in the work environment on cyberloafing through cognitive trust and emotional exhaustion. The statistical population of this research was all the employees of universities in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, totaling 2255 people, according to the size of each region, a sample size of 600 people was selected using Cochran's formula, and the sample selected using a stratified sampling method, proportional to the size of each region. The research tools were Negative Rumor Questionnaire by Brady et al. (2016), the Cognitive Trust Questionnaire by Chua et al. (2006), the Emotional Exhaustion Questionnaire by Watkins et al. (2015) and the Cyberloafing Questionnaire by Lim and Teo (2002). The validity of the questionnaires examined based on content, face, and construct validity, and after necessary revisions, the validity confirmed and on the other hand reliability of the questionnaires estimated using Cronbach's alpha method, as 0.80, 0.85, 0.85 and 0.90 respectively. Data analysis performed using structural equation modeling WarpPLS 7 software. The results of the research showed that the atmosphere of negative gossip in the workplace had a positive effect on cyberloafing, and the coefficient of this effect was 0.65, and also the mediating role of cognitive trust and emotional exhaustion in the relationship between negative gossip in the workplace and cyberloafing confirmed. These results show that the atmosphere of negative gossip in the workplace can help to increase cyberloafing through cognitive trust and emotional burnout of employees of universities in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces

The present study conducted with the aim of investigating the role of perception of mental fatigue and emotional exhaustion in predicting job burnout of emergency department nurses. The present research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all nurses working in the emergency departments of hospitals in the 4th district of Tehran in 2024, from which 200 people selected as a sample using the available and non-random sampling method. The data collected using Maslach & Jackson's Maslach Burnout Inventory (1981), Johansson et al's Mental Fatigue Scale (2010) Maslach et al's Emotional Exhaustion Questionnaire (1996). The multiple regression analysis method used to analyze the data in Spss software version 26. The findings of the research showed that the perception of mental fatigue and emotional exhaustion able to predict job burnout (p<0.05) and explained 54.1% of the variance of job burnout. Therefore, it can conclude that the perception of mental fatigue and emotional exhaustion play a significant role in predicting job burnout and it seems necessary to pay attention to these factors to reduce job burnout in nurses

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of psychological hardiness in the relationship between mindfulness and emotional exhaustion. This research is descriptive in terms of type and a correlational research in terms of method, and its statistical population is made up of all the employees of education departments of six regions of Isfahan city, numbering 735 people, among them, 200 people as a sample through Available sampling was selected. The research tools included mindfulness questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006), emotional exhaustion questionnaire (Meslash and Jackson, 1981) and psychological hardiness questionnaire (Kobasa et al., 1982). The data obtained from the research were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method and path analysis. The results showed that mindfulness has a significant positive relationship with psychological hardiness (p<0.01), psychological hardiness and mindfulness have a significant negative relationship with emotional exhaustion (p<0.01). Also, the presented model has a good fit and psychological hardiness mediates the effect of mindfulness on emotional exhaustion (p<0.01). Therefore, according to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that through improving mindfulness and psychological hardiness, emotional exhaustion can be reduced. Therefore, due to the importance of emotional exhaustion among employees of education departments, attention to these important findings should be considered by managers and policy makers of this organization.

Aime: The study aim of is investigating the relationship between the toxic leaders emotional exhaustion with the role of mediator of unethical behaviors based on organization silent has been accomplished. The research method is descriptive-correlation. Statistical population of the study is includes all staff of Arak city service offices 27 offices and 120 employed. 101 people using Simple random sampling method was selected as a statistical sample. To collect the data, three standard questionnaires of toxic leadership (Hadavi nezhad & Rostaee, 2016), emotional exhaustion(Maslach & Jackson, 1981) and organizational silence(Dyne etal, 2003) were used. The data collected using the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural modeling in statistical software LISREL, SPSS were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the relationship between toxic leadership and organizational silence with emotional exhaustion was positive and significant. The role of mediator of organizational silence in the relationship between toxic leadership and emotional exhaustion was positive and significant. Conclition: In order to reduce emotional exhaustion in employees, it has been necessary to reduce the Toxic behaviors in the leaders and the organizational silence in the staff.

Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social undermining and work-family conflict with emotional exhaustion in elementary school teachers of Kerman. It was an applied research based on its aim and its method was descriptive and correlation. Statistical population involved all primary school teachers of Kerman (1600 teachers: 1200 females and 400 males). According to Cochran formula, 310 teachers (232 females and 78 males) were selected by stratified random sampling method. Questionnaires of social undermining (Duffy et al., 2002), work-family conflict (Carlson et al., 2000) and Maslach's Emotional Exhaustion (1985) were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that there was a significant and positive correlation between social undermining, the coworker undermining and supervisor undermining with emotional exhaustion in teachers (P≤ .05). Also, there was a significant and positive correlation between work-family conflict and family-work conflict with emotional exhaustion in teachers (P≤ .05). In addition, social undermining and work-family conflict have been able to predict 56.6% of the variance of emotional exhaustion of teachers (R2 = 0.566). According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that teachers who have less social undermining and work-family conflict have lower levels of emotional exhaustion.

Witnessing workplace incivility is a relatively new construct. The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of some outcomes of witnessing workplace incivility Statistical population included all employees of National Iranian Drilling Company (NIDC). From this population 221 employees were selected by stratified random sampling method. The instruments used in the study consisted of witnessing workplace incivility (Cortina et al., 2001), emotion regulation (Niven et al., 2011), negative affect (Watson et al., 1988), emotional exhaustion (Maslach & Jackson, 1981) Job satisfaction (Andrews and Whitey, 1976), work-job withdrawal (Hanisch & Hulin, 1990), and hostility ideation (Greenglass & Julkunen, 1989). The proposed model was analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with using SPSS-22 and AMOS-22 software packages. Results indicated that the proposed model fitted the data relatively proper. Better fit and more meaningful results were obtained by omitting one non-significant path (emotion regulation to emotional exhaustion) and using item parceling method. Findings also showed that witnessing workplace incivility had significant relationships with emotion regulation, negative affect, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, work-job withdrawal, and hostility ideation. The meditating role of emotion regulation and negative affect on the relationships of witnessing workplace incivility with emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, work-job withdrawal, and hostility ideation was confirmed. based on the results regarding detrimental outcomes of witnessing workplace incivility, the managers should have specific attention to this issue.

The present study aimed to survey the mediating factors of the relationship between customer Incivility and Employee Incivility. Workplace incivility research has focused on within-organizational sources of incivility, and less attention has been paid to outside-organizational sources such as customers. In this cross-sectional field study, from 360 service employees who work in different departments of the Social Security Organization in Ahwaz city, 153 persons were selected randomly as a sample. The response rate for the survey was 87% (n = 133). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.19.0 and Amos v.18.0 softwares. Means, standard deviations, correlations, reliability estimates (Cronbach alphas), factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted to test the hypotheses and model fitness. Briefly, the results show that customer incivility toward employees is related to employee incivility toward customers through job demands first and then emotional exhaustion. Finally, after discussing the results, limitations and practical implications, a number of directions highlighted for future research. (=0.05

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of conscientiousness personality trait in the relationship of emotional exhaustion with job performance (task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors). The participants of this study consisted of 400 high school teachers in Khuzestan province (260 male & 140 female) that were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. The instruments used in this study were Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Job Performance Scale (JPS). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and analysis of moderated hierarchical regression. The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between emotional exhaustion and job performance and (task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors). Further, moderated regression analysis showed that conscientiousness personality trait moderated these relationships significantly. According to these findings, emotional exhaustion is an important factor in reducing teachers’ job performance and this relationship is stronger in teachers with low levels of conscientiousness personality trait.

The present study aimed to survey the mediating factors of the relationship between customer Incivility and Employee Incivility. Workplace incivility research has focused on within-organizational sources of incivility, and less attention has been paid to outside-organizational sources such as customers. In this cross-sectional field study, from 360 service employees who work in different departments of the Social Security Organization in Ahwaz city, 153 persons were selected randomly as a sample. The response rate for the survey was 87% (n = 133). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.19.0 and Amos v.18.0 softwares. Means, standard deviations, correlations, reliability estimates (Cronbach alphas), factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted to test the hypotheses and model fitness. Briefly, the results show that customer incivility toward employees is related to employee incivility toward customers through job demands first and then emotional exhaustion. Finally, after discussing the results, limitations and practical implications, a number of directions highlighted for future research. (α=0.05).

The purpose of this study was to investigate influence of work motivation as a mediator on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and job performance based on COR model. The participants of this study included 317 employees of National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC) in Ahvaz، Iran، who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The instruments used in the study consisted of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)، Motivational Orientation Inventory (MOI)، and Job Performance Scale (JPS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS-18 and SPSS-19 software packages were used to test fitness of the model. In addition، bootstrap procedure was applied for the test of mediation effects. Findings indicated that the proposed model fitted the data properly. The results also supported the direct relationship of emotional exhaustion and indirect relationship of this variable with different kinds of job performance (task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors) by the mediation of work motivation. According to COR model، employees focus on OCB-I to develop support from coworkers and friends in order to cope with burnout.

Employees expect respect from their co-workers and supervisors and guarantee of job security which is appropriate for their efforts in the workplace. Also, those with overcommitment to work need to be more supported. A set of these variables are included in the effort-reward imbalance model. The objectives of this study were to assess validity of the ERI model and its effects on fatigue, emotional exhaustion, physical health and psychosomatic complaints. To test validity of ERI model, a sample of 235 personnel of an industrial company in Isfahan, Iran, was selected. To measure predictor variables, ERI questionnaire (Zurlo, Pes & Siegrist, 2010) was used. To measure criterion variables Including fatigue, emotional exhaustion, physical health and psychosomatic complaints, fatigue scale (Chalder & et al,1993),emotional exhaustion scale(Malach,1998),Physical health scale (Hilderbrandt & et al, 1991) and psychosomatic complaints scale(Driken,1969) were used respectively. Factor analysis of ERI scale elicit four subscale namely job security, respect, effort and overcommitment with favorable stability. The results showed that there was a positive relation between two subscales of respect and job security and criterion variables. There was also a negative relation between two subscales of effort and overcommitment and criterion variables. The results of this study can be of prime importance for the improvement of personnel’s health in the industrial environments.