مدیران مدارس

In today's evolving world, managers are one of the key levers in the management of organizations; Given that managers have a vital and decisive role in the heart of organizations, their competencies must be strengthened.

The purpose of this study was to design a model of dimensions and competency components of primary school principals.

The present study was based on the purpose of the applied type and in terms of approach was exploratory mixed research. In the qualitative phase, the content analysis method was used and in the quantitative phase, the contextualization method was used. In the qualitative phase, the data collection process consisted of 18 semi-structured interviews with experts. Purposeful sampling was continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with their collection and by the method of concepts, subcategory and main category. In a small phase, the statistical population of primary school principals in Bushehr province was 521 people, which according to the Jersey-Morgan table, 230 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In order to validate the identified pattern of the qualitative part, confirmatory factor analysis was used using PLS software.

The combination of qualitative and quantitative results showed that the pattern of dimensions and components of competence of primary school principals with four dimensions: personal, occupational, communication and knowledge competencies and eight components: personal, moral, educational, managerial, behavioral, social, General knowledge and professional knowledge were approved. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that all factor loadings are higher than 0.4 and the model is significant at the confidence level (95) percent, and the fit of the model was confirmed with a value of 0.435.

The model of competencies of primary school principals is a good guide to identify the contexts, conditions, indicators, obstacles and consequences of the development of competencies of principals in order to develop the competencies of teachers and students of primary schools, which is the foundation of the system. Is educational, provide.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abusive supervision on social relationships in the workplace with the mediating role of retaliatory behaviors .

Descriptive research method - correlation of the type of modeling was structural equations. Statistical population of the research Included all school Managers in Sari were 486 people, using stratified random sampling method, 249 people were selected as a statistical sample for the study. The method of estimating the statistical sample size of the research was the method of observable variables. To collect research data, three standard questionnaires of abusive supervision of Tepper (2000), social relations in the workplace of Madsen et al. (2005) and retaliatory behaviors of Skarlicki & Folger (1997) were used. The research data were analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software and with PLS structural equation modeling approach, Aston-Geisser Q2 index and goodness of fit index.

The results showed that the effect of abusive supervision and retaliatory behaviors on social relations in the workplace is negative and significant. also was found the mediating role of retaliatory behaviors in the impact of abusive supervision on social relationships in the workplace was negative and significant.

a result of factors which can have a devastating effect on social relationships in the workplace is abusive supervision and retaliatory behaviors.

School administrators are faced with new demands, more complex decisions, and additional responsibilities than ever before. Their day is usually filled with various administrative functions such as providing resources, managing learner discipline, resolving conflicts with parents, and dealing with unexpected teacher and learner crises. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining the contribution of social support and self-control components in predicting the job burnout of elementary school principals.

Materials: 

The research method was applied in terms of purpose and data collection in the descriptive-correlation research group and in terms of scope of work in the quantitative research group. The statistical population of the research consists of 651 principals and viceprincipals of Ashtrinan education and training schools in the academic year 6110-6107, and 02 people were selected as a sample using the sampling table of Karjesi and Morgan. In order to collect data, the standard questionnaires of social support by Sherburne and Stewart (0770), self-control by Tanji (6114), and job burnout by Meslesh (0700) were used. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests using SPSS 60 software.

The research findings showed that between social support (informational support, social network support, self-esteem support, device support) and self-control (primary selfcontrol, inhibitory self-control) with correlation coefficients of -12264 and -12290 respectively. , 12541, 12509 and 12290, 12917 have a significant and inverse relationship with job burnout. Discussion and

In view of this issue, it is necessary to provide training and create support systems and self-control training for primary school principals.

The aim of this study was to determine the causal model of professional commitment based on self-efficacy and leadership style of principals among teachers. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research in a correlational way and the statistical population of the study included all teachers in Andimeshk city in the academic year 2020-2021.  229 people were selected as the sample of the study by using available sampling. The research instruments were Ansari Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (2009), Hemphill and Coons Leadership Behavior Questionnaire (1957) and Klayman and Henning's Professional Commitment Questionnaire (2000). SPSS version 22 and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data.  The results showed self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on professional commitment. The results also showed that self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on supportive leadership style and the variable of supportive leadership style plays a mediating role in the effect of self-efficacy on professional commitment.

One of the most important factors for the excellence or ruin of any organization is the quality of performance of school principals. Improving the performance and quality development of primary school principals increases efficiency and effectiveness and creates change in the education system. Studies have been done to improve the performance of school principals, but a qualitative study that improves the performance of primary school principals has been neglected.

This study The aim was to design and test a model to improve the performance of primary school principals in Kermanshah province.

The present study was conducted with a mixed design with both qualitative and quantitative approaches in the academic year 2019-2020. In the qualitative approach, the underlying theoretical method was used. In this regard, using a purposeful approach and applying the theoretical saturation criterion, an attempt was made to use the semi-structured in-depth interview technique, perception and experience of 15 people (university faculty members and general managers and deputies working in education in Kermanshah province) as a case study. In-depth review. The research tool was the qualitative part of semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative part, the necessary data were made using a researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative data and were administered among 228 primary school principals in Kermanshah province. For data analysis, systematic coding method was used in the qualitative part and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (confirmatory factor analysis) were used in the quantitative part using Smart pls software. 

After conducting the interviews and in-depth data analysis, 283 indicators, 15 criteria and 4 main factors including four dimensions of "leadership development", "structure improvement", "performance planning" and "self-development" were identified. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 54 items for the managerschr('39') performance improvement questionnaire in four factors.

The results showed that the model extracted from the present study, despite the appropriate validity, can be used to improve the performance of primary school principals.

The issue of interest to experts is that although countries and schools are heterogeneous in terms of context, it is necessary to examine leadership in its specific cultural, economic, political, and social context. The current research was conducted to provide a model of the lived experiences of school principals about the leadership of students' affairs based on the lived experiences of secondary school principals.

This research was conducted using the phenomenological method with an interpretative paradigm with the help of semi-structured interviews with secondary school principals who have lived experience in leading students' affairs in order to be able to define the leadership of students' affairs from the results of these interviews, and in this way to achieve the conceptual model of this structure. In this research, which was carried out using the qualitative method (phenomenology) and the modified applied method of the Vancom method by Moustax (1994), the concepts and themes of student affairs leadership were identified.

The results showed that these concepts are placed in the hearts of internal stakeholders and management in the form of two general leadership concepts. The lived experiences of managers also include the concepts of leadership in the hearts and minds of internal stakeholders, all-around growth, and team building. Finally, two general and important components were proposed for the implementation of leadership: within the school (this concept includes leadership, students, teachers, and executive staff, school atmosphere, and communication and interaction with internal stakeholders) and outside the school (this concept includes effective communication with external stakeholders).

The results showed that in this research, the lived experiences of managers participating in the research, according to the emerging horizons, consist of: Leadership (including: leadership qualities, leadership goals, leadership style); Students (including: research programs, ducational programs, educational programs), teachers and executive staff (including: selection of teachers and staff, encouragement and retention of teachers and staff); school atmosphere (including: open atmosphere); Communication and interaction with internal stakeholders (including: interaction between leader and student, interaction between teacher and student, interaction between leader and teachers and staff, interaction between student and student, interaction between student and family); Communication and interaction with external stakeholders (including: effective communication of the leader with families, effective communication of the leader with regional organizations, effective communication of the leader with organizations and natural and legal persons, effective communication of the leader with other schools, effective communication of the leader with students who graduated from school).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational learning and professional ethics with organizational health of high school principals in Qom province. The method was descriptive and correlational in terms of goals, and in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of 89 high school principals of Qom province who served in the second semester of the 97-96 school year. The sample consisted of 75 members of the population who were selected by stratified random sampling based on Morgan and Krejcie's table. Data were collected using three standard questionnaires: organizational learning, organizational ethics, business ethics and organizational health of Hui and Feldman respectively with reliability of 0.92, 0.84 and 0.96 based on Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis based on descriptive methods and inferential tests at Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression in SPSS software indicated: There is a relationship between professional ethics and organizational health of managers. There is a positive and significant relationship between organizational learning and organizational health of managers. There is a relationship between the components of organizational learning and professional ethics with the organizational health of secondary managers. Promoting organizational health of education managers requires the application of organizational learning and professional ethics.

This research aimed to determine predicting the social health based on psychological well-being, organizational citizenship behavior and social support in school managers. This study was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was all school managers of Tehran city in 2019-20 academic years. The research sample was 400 people who were selected by multistep cluster sampling method. In present study used from the questionnaires of social health (Keyes, 1998), psychological well-being (Ryff, 1989), organizational citizenship behavior (Organ & Kanovsky, 1996) and social support (Zimet & et al, 1988). Data analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS-22 software. The results showed that psychological well-being, organizational citizenship behavior and social support had a positive and significant relationship with social health in school managers. Also, the variables of psychological well-being, organizational citizenship behavior and social support significantly could predict their social health (P

This research was undertaken to examine the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior, performance, and quality of work life among school principals in Neka. This study had a descriptive, correlational design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all school principals in Neka in 2016 (180 individuals). The drawn sample (N=118) was selected through random stratified sampling method. The instruments included Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Questionnaire (Konovsky & Organ, 1996), ACHIEVE Questionnaire (1980), and Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (Walton, 1975). The validity of the measures was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficients obtained for the questionnaires were 0.90, 0.88, and 0.78, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. The results showed that there were significant relationships between the components of organizational citizenship behavior, principals’ performance, and quality of work life. Regression analysis also demonstrated that each of the components of organizational citizenship behavior accounted for a different amount of variance in principals’ performance and quality of work life. More specifically, among the components of organizational citizenship behavior, sportsmanship and civic virtue explained the most and least variance in principals’ performance, respectively. Moreover, sportsmanship and conscientiousness accounted for the most and least variance in quality of work life, respectively. 

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between professional ethics and ethical intelligence with the performance of the managers of the schools in the city of Nik Sahr. This research is applied in terms of purpose and its method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all school principals in NikShahr city. According to the total population, according to the Cochran formula, 171 individuals were selected randomly. Measurement tool; Organizational Performance Questionnaire, Bukhari et al. (2002); Professional Ethics Questionnaire (2002); Moral Intelligence Questionnaire (Text in Persian) Hosseini et al. (2012). The validity of the questionnaires was approved by the experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was assessed using Cronbach's alpha method. Its value for organizational performance questionnaire was 0868, for the professional ethics questionnaire it was 0866 and for the ethical intelligence questionnaire it was 0861. The results of this research show that there is a positive and significant relationship between ethical intelligence and professional ethics with the performance of primary and high school principals in the city of Nikeshahr. Also, the dimensions of professional ethics (responsibility, supremacy and competitiveness, honesty, respect for others, respect for values and norms of society, justice and fairness, sympathy with others and loyalty) with the performance of primary school principals There is a positive and significant relationship between the high school and the city of Nykeshah.

In all organizations including educational organizations, the most important source that influence on organizational effectiveness is management. The aim of recent study is to predict the effectiveness of school principals based on Cameron and Queen Competency model. This study is descriptive in correlation way that studied in random classified sampling method, number of 347 people of primary school principals through two Cameron and Quinn management skills measurement questionnaires (2007) and Alaghemand school principal effectiveness (1371). To analyze the data used correlation and multiple regressions in conjunction with software SPSS 21. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between managerial competencies and effectiveness of school principals (p

Principals, empowerment is a way of improving educational organizations and integrating individual and organizational goals this study aims at discussing and clarifying the subject, while emphasizing factors such as enhancing positive attitude towards work, self control, reinforcing self-esteem, job commitment, motivation and freedom of action. A descriptive and survey research method was utilized. The statistical sample included all 140 school principals in Eizeh during 1386-87 (S.C.) academic year which 105 principals of answered the questionnaire. The data gathering instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that its Cronbach alpha coefficient was estimated 0.88. One-variable t test, Hostelling, Variance analysis and Tuky test were used to analyze the research data. The findings indicated that all of the considered factors contribute to principals’ empowerment. The reinforcement of positive attitudes towards workplace and freedom of action have the highest and lowest impact respectively. Considering demographic variables, the results indicated no significant difference between the view points of elementary and secondary school principals. There were, however, significant differences among principals’ opinions with regard to sex and level of education.