معتادان

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the resilience and happiness of addicted men. The research method was experimental pre-test-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all men treated with methadone who had referred to addiction treatment centers in Qom province in 2020, among whom 30 addicts were selected based on the inclusion criteria and by purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental group (15 people) and the control group (15 people). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute acceptance and commitment therapy training program and the control group that was on the waiting list received no training. To collect data, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003) and the Happiness Scale of Argyle et al. (1989) were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that after controlling for the effects of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the mean of the two groups in resilience and happiness.It can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in improving the resilience and happiness of male addicts in recovery, and therefore, according to the findings of the research, acceptance and commitment therapy can be used to increase the resilience and happiness of male addicts. Recovery.

Abstract Self-efficacy is the ability to resist drug use in a high-risk situation and has a direct relationship with relapse. The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the return to drug use after recovery in people with substance use disorder based on resilience and self-efficacy.Research The statistical population included all addicts who referred to addiction treatment centers in Shiraz in 1401, who had a clean period of at least 6 months after a period of drug use, but relapsed again. The sample size was determined based on the components of predicting variables among 200 people who were selected by available sampling method. Connor and Davidson's resilience, Schwartz's self-efficacy scale, and Beck and Wright's relapse scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software, Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that resiliency and self-efficacy play a predictive role in relation to the return to drug use after recovery, wich as self-efficacy increases, the resilience to return to drug use decreases and the intensity of the relationship between the return to drug use in levels the total score of self-efficacy and resilience is different. Self-efficacy can predict the return to drug use after recovery, and self-efficacy has a negative and significant relationship with relapse, that is, as self-efficacy increases, relapse decreases.

Emotional processing and destructive lifestyle are among the components that impact drug abuse; However, interventions for improving the emotional processing and lifestyle of addicts have received less consideration. Therefore, considering the mechanism of the impact of compassion-based therapy and its effectiveness on the component's risk of recurrence, might this intervention be effective on the lifestyle and emotional processing of addicts?

The aim of the present study was to the effectiveness of compassion therapy intervention on the lifestyle and emotional processing of addicts in the non-drug rehabilitation phase.

The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all addicts who had received a diagnosis of opioid dependence in 2021 at addiction treatment clinics in Urmia. The sample size consisted of 30 Subjects of adolescents (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The statistical population was selected by the available sampling method and placed in two groups. The compassion therapy intervention was implemented for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments included the Lifestyle Scale (Lali et al., 2012) and the Emotional Processing Scale (Backer et al., 2007). Finally, Data were analyzed using the Repeated Measures ANOVA.

The results showed that compassion therapy intervention had a significant effect on lifestyle components and emotional processing (P< 0.001). So that the scores of physical health, exercise and fitness, weight control and nutrition, disease prevention, psychological health, spiritual health, social health, drug avoidance, accident prevention, and environmental health increase, and scores of suppression, Lack of emotional experience, symptoms of lack of emotional processing, lack of emotion regulation and avoidance had a significant decrease in the post-test phase and the change in scores in the follow-up phase was stable.

According to the results, it might be concluded that compassion therapy intervention improves lifestyle (Physical and psychological health, daily activities, and diet) and emotional processing (Management and processing of emotional information) in addicts in the non-drug rehabilitation phase.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological factors such as perceived stress, problem solving ability and sensitivity to rejection in treatment and return after two months of addicts. The method of the present study is descriptive-comparative. The statistical population of male addicts referred to public and private addiction treatment centers in Saveh (Rezvan, Janat, Ferdows and Zand addiction treatment centers) was 1400 people. 112 people were determined by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (106 people with a history of cleanliness of at least one year and 106 people with a history of cleanliness less than two months). In order to collect data, Cohen et al. (1983) Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Hepner and Petersen (1982) PSI Problem Solving Questionnaire and Sensitivity to Rejection and Emotional Neglect Questionnaire were used. The content validity of the questionnaires has been confirmed by professors and experts in this field. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient of perceived stress questionnaires (0.86), Hepner problem solving (0.83) and sensitivity to rejection and emotional neglect (0.72) was estimated to be higher than 0.7 and indicates the internal coordination of items and confirmation. It was the reliability of the questions. In order to analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance (Manova) was used using SPSS software. The results showed that the mean of "perceived stress" and "sensitivity to rejection" in treated addicts were significantly lower than the recurrent group. While the average "problem solving ability" in clean people was estimated to be higher than recurrent people. The volume of the effect also indicated that approximately 18.4% of the variance of "perceived stress" and 18.2% of the variance of "problem solving ability" The problem can be explained by attribution to groups. The figure for "rejection sensitivity" was 10.8 percent

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of counseling based on Lazarus Multimodal Theory on possible selves, locus of control and decrease of opiate craving in addicts under pharmochotherapy.

A quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and a two months follow- up with control group was used. The statistical population included 83 addicted men aged 20 to 45 years old under pharmochotherapy in addiction quitting center of Yaran in region 18 of Tehran in Iran. Through purposeful sampling method, 30 participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of CBLMT or control, n1=n2=15. Research tools were Rogers’s self concept questionnaire 1951, Rotter’s locus of control questionnaire 1966, Franken, Hendricks, Stan & Van den Brink’s opiate craving questionnaire (2002) which were administered in three stages for two groups and Counseling based on Lazarus Multimodal Theory (2008) to the experimental group during eight weekly, 90- minute sessions and data were analyzed using mixed model repeated measures analysis variance.

Finding showed that CBLMT had a significant effect on possible selves (F=36.51, P= 0.001), locus of control (F= 41.28, P= 0.001) and decrease opiate craving (F= 40.68, P= 0.001), and this effect remained stable at follow- up.

Since counseling based on Lazarus Multimodal Theory likely leads to change cognitions process and content and promote cognitive, affective and behavioral skills, effect on possible selves, locus of control and decrease of opiate craving. Hence, it can be used as a low- cost and effective counseling method for improving addicts under pharmacotherapy.

Abstract the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies train-ing on improving mental health, self-compassion and craving in the addicts of khorram abad. The research method is a pretest_ posttest_ follow up with control group. Sample included 32 men were an addict who was a member of the addicts treated with buprenorphine maintenance of khorram abad.. They were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to control and ex-perimental groups. The experimental group received gross model-based emotion regulation strate-gies for ten sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the project. To collect deta, mental health questionnaire (GHQ), self-compassion (SCS) scale and crav-ing questionnaire were used and for analysis, multivariate analysis of variance was used. The re-sults showed that training of emotion regulation strategies training increased their mental health and self-compassion and decreased craving in the experimental group. Eventually emotion regulation strategies training is a useful applied practice in treating and preventing addiction recurrence.

Research has shown that there is a relationship between attachment styles and sexual satisfaction, but does sexual self-efficacy of addicted men can have to mediate this regard? Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sexual self-efficacy in the relationship between attachment styles and sexual satisfaction of addicted men in Kermanshah. The present research was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study included people were referred to addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah. The research sample consisted of 250 of the five addiction treatment centers who were selected by non-probability sampling method. Adult Attachment scale(Hazan & Shaver, 1987),  Larson's Sexual Satisfaction scale (Larson,1995), and Sexual Self-efficacy scale(Vaziri et al.,1993) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using statistical methods, including the Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression analysis, and path analysis. Conlusions: The results showed that there is a relationship between attachment styles and  Men's sexual satisfaction, this means that secure attachment style is a positive predictor (R<0.05) and Insecure-avoidant attachment style is a negative predictor (R<0.05). Sexual self-efficacy can also act as a mediator between attachment styles and sexual satisfaction (-R<0.05). Therefore people that have high's sexual self-efficacy and secure's attachment style experience better sexual satisfaction.

This research aimed to study the effectiveness of therapeutic community on attribute style of addicts. For this purpose two groups were studied. Experimental group were 25 addicte persons from hejrat therapeutic community institute and 28 addict persons as control group that were selected from shahid family addiction institute. At first because of determine of therapeutic community effectiveness on attribution style of addicts. Each group discrepancy scours were calculated.

This research was administered with the aim of comparing lay beliefs about symptoms, causes, and cures of addiction between self-referred addicts, NA members and non-addict males. For this purpose, 150 participants were randomly selected from self - referred male addicts referring to the Outpatient Cessation Centre of Addiction in Isfahan in May-June 2006. Also, 150 male members of NA, who managed to participate in the three months research period of the association, and 150 non-addict males in the same age and regional residence as the self referred addicts were selected using simple random sampling for comparison. Research instruments consisted of a demographic questionnaire and Furnhum and Thompson’s (1996) Lay Beliefs Questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the Lay Beliefs Questionnaire were studied and verified. This questionnaire has three subscales: beliefs about symptoms, beliefs about causes of addiction, and beliefs regarding cures for addiction. Data were analyzed using the Manova and LSD post-hoc test. Results showed significant differences among different groups as follows: in overall scores of symptoms of NA members and the non-addict group in the onset of addiction (from symptoms subscale); self-referred addicts and the NA group, non-addicts, and the NA group and, non-addicts with antisocial tendencies (another subscale of symptoms); self-referred addicts and the NA, and NA members and non-addicts in symptoms and family conditions (another subscale of symptoms); self-referred addicts from the NA, non-addicts, and NA members from the non-addict group in immoral tendencies (another subscale of symptoms); among self-referred addicts and the NA, and non-addicts, and NA members from the non-addict group. In causes of addiction subscale, Manova and LSD post-hoc test revealed significant differences among self-referred addicts, non-addicts, and NA members. In cures of addiction subscale, results of Manova and LSD post-hoc test showed a significant difference among self-referred addicts, NA members, and non- addicts.