مهارت های اجتماعی

Cooperative learning means increasing the ability to guide and explore science, which can be linked to students' social skills, anxiety and mental readiness. However, since it affects these variables, it may be facilitating or moderating by some of the personality traits of teacher and students.  Therefore, investigating the relationships of these variables to determine the role of each is an inevitable necessity.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cooperative learning on social skills, mental skills development and reduction of social anxiety in students by mediating emotional intelligence in students.

The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was all students of Meysan city. The sample consisted of 171 students in Meysan city who were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using Karimi participatory teaching method questionnaire (2012), emotional intelligence from Goleman (2001), social skills from Gresham and Eliot (1990), mental skills from the Association of American Colleges and Universities (2007), and social anxiety from Lajerka (1999). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis in SPSS and Lisrel statistical software.

The findings indicate that the proposed model is fitted with the data. The results of path analysis showed that direct path coefficient of participatory learning and emotional intelligence to mental skill, social skill and social anxiety were significant(P≤0.05). Also, indirect path coefficient of participatory learning to mental skill, social skill and social anxiety through emotional intelligence is also significant (P≤0.05).

Based on these results, it can be said that by teaching cooperative learning to students, social and mental skills can be improved and reduce the level of social anxiety by doing participatory activities.

The aim of this study is to identify behavioral and cognitive patterns related to enhancing problem-solving skills in elementary school children. This qualitative study used thematic analysis. Fourteen elementary school children from Tehran were purposively selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and analysis was performed using Nvivo software and thematic analysis. The study focused on identifying behavioral and cognitive patterns affecting children's problem-solving processes. The findings indicated that cognitive skills such as logical and critical thinking, social skills like collaboration and group interaction, and self-regulation skills were key factors in enhancing problem-solving abilities in children. Moreover, social interactions and self-control skills significantly improved children's ability to solve complex problems. The results of this study suggest that strengthening cognitive and social skills in elementary school children can significantly help them in solving complex problems and improving their academic performance. These findings can assist educators in designing more effective educational programs focused on problem-solving.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most complex developmental disorders, affecting children's cognitive, emotional, and social abilities. Emotion regulation and attachment styles are critical factors that can directly influence social skills and anxiety levels in children with this disorder. Despite numerous studies on ASD, significant gaps remain in understanding the mediating role of emotion regulation in these relationships.Amis: The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between attachment styles, social skills, and anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder.

This correlational study utilized structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all children with ASD in Kermanshah during the academic year 2023-2024. From this population, 200 children were selected through convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Middle Childhood Attachment Questionnaire (Ronaghi et al., 2013), Social Skills Questionnaire (Bellini & Hopf, 2007), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Shields & Cicchetti, 1997), and Anxiety Scale (Rogers et al., 2016). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-24 and Amos-24 software.

Results indicated that more secure attachment styles were associated with increased social skills (β= 0.382) and decreased anxiety (β= -0.138) in children with ASD. Additionally, emotion regulation mediated the relationship between attachment style and social skills (β= 0.067) and between attachment style and anxiety (β= -0.029) (p< 0.05).

It is recommended that appropriate intervention programs be designed by specialists and implemented in exceptional centers and schools for children with autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, family education workshops (especially for mothers/caregivers) should be organized, focusing on the role of attachment styles in social skills and anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Universities play a critical role in fostering optimal academic performance and addressing the evolving challenges faced by students. This study aimed to investigate changes in social skills, academic motivation, and grit among first-year to third-year university students.  This comparative study included a statistical population of all undergraduate students at Bu-Ali Sina University during the second semester of the 1402-1403 academic year. A sample of 310 bachelor students was selected using stratified random sampling, with approximately one-third representing first-year, second-year, and third-year students, respectively. Data were collected using the Social Skills Scale (Gresham & Elliott, 1999), the Academic Motivation Scale (Harter, 1981), and the Grit Scale-Short Form (Duckworth et al., 2007). Data analysis was conducted using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).  The results revealed significant differences among first-year, second-year, and third-year students in terms of social skills and academic motivation (P < 0.01). Specifically, third-year students exhibited higher levels of social skills and academic motivation compared to first- and second-year students, while first-year students scored lower than both second- and third-year students. However, no significant differences were observed among the three groups regarding grit (P = 0.322).  The findings suggest that social skills and academic motivation tend to improve as students progress through their university years, while grit remains relatively stable. To support student development, university counseling centers and student associations should implement targeted programs to enhance academic motivation, improve social skills, and foster resilience, particularly among incoming first-year students.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of social skills training on self-esteem and sociall skills of female students with emotional and behavioral difficulties. The statistical population consisted of all female students of the third and fourth grades in Tehran, Iran. The participants included 20 female students (10 in experimental group and 10 in control group) were selected by avaliable sampling method. Rutter’s Behavior Scale for Parents and Teachers (RBSPT, Rutter, 1976), The Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY, Matson & Ollendick, 1988) and The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI, Coopersmith, 1967) were utilized in this study. In this study quasi-experimental research design was used. A program of social skills training was conducted for the experimental group in ten sessions (75 minutes each) in a period of one month. The Covariance analysis indicated that social skills training were significantly effective in enhancing self-esteem and social skills in the experimental group. According to the findings, social skills training may be suggested as an effective method for enhancing self esteem of elementary students.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral game therapy on social skills and communication skills of high-functioning autistic children. The research design was semi-experimental and within the framework of a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The population studied in this research included all children with high functioning autism in 1401 in Shahrood. In order to collect information in the current research, Scott Bellini's (2007) social skills questionnaires and Gilliam's (1995) severity of autism symptoms questionnaires were used. The results of the data analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral play therapy has an effect on improving social skills and communication skills in children with high-functioning autism to the extent of 0.67 (p < 0.01). And this therapeutic method improves communication in high-functioning autistic children by 0.40 units, improves social interaction in high-functioning autistic children by 0.37 units, and improves social skills in high-functioning autistic children. It has an effect of 0.40 units. Cognitive behavioral game therapy has an effect on improving social skills in children with autism to a high performance of 0.37 units (p<0.01). Also, cognitive-behavioral game therapy has an effect on improving communication skills in children with autism with high performance by 0.46 units (p<0.01). And this therapeutic method has an effect on communication in children with high-functioning autism by 0.40 units and on improving social interaction in children with high-functioning autism by 0.37 units.

Research has demonstrated a positive correlation between higher social skills and improved performance in social interactions among students. Recently, mindfulness interventions, encompassing elements such as self-discipline and present moment awareness, have garnered attention for their potential to enhance mental processes, sensitivity, openness, and receptivity. Conversely, play therapy, characterized by enjoyable physical and mental activities, has been linked to increased social skills and creativity. However, there exists a research gap regarding play therapy based on mindfulness to enhance self-respect in the studied society.

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based and game-based education on the social skills and creativity of primary school students in Garmsar City.

This research employed a semi-experimental design involving pre-tests, post-tests, and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population comprised all primary school students in Garmsar City (7620 individuals) during the academic year 2022-2021. Participants were divided into three groups of 15 individuals each through purposeful sampling based on specified criteria. Matson's social skill questionnaire (1983) (TTCI) and Torrance's creativity questionnaire were utilized. Two experimental groups underwent an 8-session play therapy protocol (Johnson and Parson, 2023) and a mindfulness protocol (Siegal et al., 2002), respectively. Hypothesis testing employed a Multivariate Analysis of Variance test conducted using SPSS22 statistical software.

The findings indicated a significant difference between the post-test results of the experimental and control groups in students' social skills and creativity after controlling for pre-test effects. This suggests that both mindfulness and play therapy interventions led to improvements in social skills and creativity among students (p< 0.001).

This study concludes that mindfulness and play therapy can positively influence students' social skills and creativity. Future research is recommended to utilize larger samples and diverse research groups for further exploration.

A review of research history shows that there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and social skills. But few studies have investigated the relationship between parents' emotional intelligence and children's social skills in childhood. Also, there is a research gap in the field of examining the mediation role of parent-child relationship in this relationship.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediator role of parent-child relationship in the relationship between parent's emotional intelligence and child's social skills.

The present study was descriptive and of correlation and structural equations. The statistical population was all preschool children of Bojnord city in 2022; 210, children with cluster sampling method were selected as statistical sample.The data were collected using Children's Social Skills Questionnaire (Matson,1983), Emotional Intelligence (Schering, 1996) and Parent-Child Relationship (Pianta, 1994). The suitability of the proposed model was done using structural equation modeling and AMOS software.

The results showed that the fit indices of the proposed model are acceptable. The assessment of mediating relationships using the bootstrap method showed that parent's emotional intelligence through the parent-child relationship has an indirect and significant positive effect on the child's social skills (p= 0.000, β= 0.43). However, the direct effect of parents' emotional intelligence on children's social skills was insignificant in the presence of the mediator variable (p= 0.532, β= 0.07). Therefore, the mediating relationship resulting from the current study model was full mediating or purely indirect mediating.

According to these results, the parent's emotional intelligence can lead to the increase of children's social skills through improving the child's parent relationship. Also, improving the communication style of parents with children and reducing conflicts in the relationship can contribute to improving children's social skills.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between interpersonal trust and social skills with emotional maturity in children of divorce and those from intact families.

To achieve the research objectives, a descriptive correlational research design was employed. The statistical sample comprised all children of divorce and those from intact families in the country during the 2021-2022 period, totaling 108 participants: 54 children of divorce and 54 children from intact families, selected through random sampling. Data collection tools included three questionnaires: the Interpersonal Trust Questionnaire by Rempel and Holmes (1986), the Emotional Maturity Questionnaire by Singh and Bhargava (1991), and the Social Skills Questionnaire by Matson et al. (1983). Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data using SPSS-26 statistical software.

The results indicated a significant relationship between interpersonal trust and emotional maturity at the 0.01 error level, as well as a significant relationship between social skills and emotional maturity at the same error level. The results of regression analysis revealed that the variables of aggression, peer relationships, appropriate skills, and social skills play a significant role in predicting emotional maturity.

A high level of interpersonal trust and social skills in children may contribute to an increase in their emotional maturity.

This study aimed to investigate the Feasibility of the executive functions training program using augmented reality on social skills in high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder. The research was conducted using a semi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all children with autism spectrum disorder with high functioning in Tehran in 2023- 2024. After screening the research sample according to the entry and exit criteria, eligible children were included in the study and randomly assigned to two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The research tool included Gilliam's autism diagnostic scale - Second Edition (1994). The variance analysis method with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the executive functions training program using augmented reality had a significant effect on the control group in the two stages of post-test and follow-up (p<0.001). Also, the effect size showed a 0.29% effect of the executive functions training program using augmented reality on social skills. It is concluded that to improve social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder, augmented reality can be used to teach executive functions.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive hope enhancing training and social skills training on reducing female high school students’ fear of negative evaluation and safe behavior. This semi-experimental study employed pretest- posttest design with control group. For data collection Leary social phobia safety Behavior scale (SPSBS) and Pinto-Gouveia Salvador Brief fear of Negative Evaluation scale (BFNE) were used. The data were evaluated on the basis of scores located above the cut-off point. then Participants were randomly assigned into three groups (i.e., 15 students received trainings on cognitive hope enhancing, 15 students received trainings on social skills, and 15 students were considered a control group).The experimental groups received cognitive hope enhancing training and social skill training for eight 90-minute sessions hold once a week; while the control group did not receive any training. result Univariate analysis of covariance demonstrated that cognitive hope enhancing training and cognitive social skill training was effective on reducing students’ fear of negative evaluation and safe behavior .However, there was no significant difference between the two kind of training methods. According to the findings of the present piece of research work, it is suggested that the cognitive hope enhancing training and social skills training be offered as in-service trainings of schools counselors.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between outgroup social capital, social and emotional skills and self-esteem of children in Isfahan city.

Descriptive-correlation research method and the statistical population includes all Labor children of Isfahan city; 200 Labor children under the cover of Tolo Mehr and Dosti NGO of Isfahan were selected as a sample. The research tools are Cooper Smith's Self-Esteem Questionnaire, Watson et al.'s Social Skills Questionnaire (1984), Siberia Schering's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (2010), and Rafiei et al.'s Out-group Social Capital Questionnaire (2015). The data were analyzed with statistical methods of simultaneous regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

The findings of the tables show that the multiple correlation coefficient was equal to 0.827. This means that the three variables of outgroup social capital, social skills and emotional intelligence that remained in the regression equation had a significant relationship of 0.827 with the self-esteem of labor children. The coefficient of determination also indicates a ratio of the total changes of the dependent variable that were calculated by the independent variables of the equation, which was 0.679; It means that these three variables can predict about 68% of changes in self-esteem.

The findings of this research showed that the increase of outgroup social capital increases self-esteem and labor children who have higher self-esteem have higher social skills and emotional intelligence.

The purpose of this research was to predict the emotional and behavioral problems of students based on anxiety, sense of competence, and social skills. The study method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the research included all secondary school female students of Qom city in the academic year 2022-2023, whose number was 7000 according to the statistics of the General Directorate of Education, and 364 people were calculated using cluster random sampling method and according to Cochran's formula. After collecting the data and discarding the distorted questionnaires, the final number of 332 people was selected. Data were collected using the Achenbach Behavioral Problems Questionnaire (CBCL) (2001), Beck et al.'s Anxiety (AI) (1988), Zhu et al.'s Sense of Social-Emotional Competence (SECQ) (2012) and Mattson's Social Skills (MESSY). ) (1983) was collected. The data were analyzed using the multivariate regression analysis method. The results of the research showed that emotional and behavioral problems of students can be predicted based on anxiety, sense of competence, and social skills (p<0.05) and explain 26.8% of the variance of emotional and behavioral problems. It is concluded that anxiety, sense of competence, and social skills can affect students' emotional and behavioral problems.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a life skills training package for children and determining its effectiveness on the social skills of primary school students. The research method was qualitative, Theme analysis according to Attride-Stirling (2001), and the research method in the quantitative part was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research was made up of 12698 primary school students of Shahrekord city in the academic year of 2021-2022. The sample in this research consisted of 109 students of the first year of elementary school who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (56 students in the experimental group and 53 students in the control group). The students in the experimental group received the life skills training package during 10 weeks in 10 sessions of 75 minutes as a group. The results showed that the life skills training package has sufficient content validity according to experts. Also, this training package had an impact on the social skills (P<0001; Eta=0.65; F=196.39) of social skills of primary school students. Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the life skills training package by familiarizing students with their strengths and weaknesses, effective communication skills and empathy, emotion management, problem solving skills and creative thinking can be an efficient method to improve the social skills of primary school students be used.

Sometimes, the presence of impulsive behaviors in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder increases their social problems, and the amount of interaction with their parents can increase their abilities. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of parent-child joint play on reducing impulsivity and increasing the social skills of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In this research, a semi-experimental method was used with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group, and its statistical population consisted of all children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Bojnord city and their mothers in 2022, 30 of whom were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly placed in two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. For both groups, the pre-test, including Barth's impulsivity scale (1995) and Matson's social skills scale (1983), was implemented, and the experimental group had 8 two-hour weekly sessions under the joint game. The parent and the child were placed and the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups completed the post-test again and the results were analyzed through analysis of covariance. The findings showed that Parent-child joint play is effective in reducing impulsivity and increasing the social skills of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The results of this research show that parent-child joint play can be used to reduce behavioral problems and increase the social skills of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of social-emotional skills training on self-regulation and emotional recognition of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all male students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the fifth and sixth grades of Tehran in the academic year of 2020-2021. The sample size of the research included 30 male children who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups (15 people in each group). The research tool included the self-regulation questionnaire (SRQ) of Bouffard et al. (1995) and the Facial Affect Recognition Task (FART) of Ekman (1976). The control group did not receive any intervention, but the research experimental group received social-emotional skills intervention during 12 sessions. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that with pre-test control, there was a significant difference between the post-test average of cognitive self-regulation, meta-cognitive self-regulation, and emotion recognition in the two experimental and control groups at the level of 0.01. The results showed that social-emotional skill training is probably an effective treatment for self-regulation and emotion recognition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.