مهارت های ارتباطی

The aim of this study is to examine the cognitive processes and regulatory behaviors involved in managing family conflicts. This qualitative research employed thematic analysis to explore the data. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 participants from Tehran. Purposeful sampling was used, and theoretical saturation was achieved in the data collection process. Nvivo software was used for data analysis. The results indicated that cognitive processes such as conflict situation appraisal, prediction of outcomes, and evaluating consequences played a significant role in conflict management. Furthermore, regulatory behaviors such as emotion regulation, effective communication skills, and coping with social pressures helped individuals better manage conflicts. In particular, active communication skills and self-soothing were key factors in reducing the intensity of conflicts. This study demonstrated that cognitive processes and regulatory behaviors, especially in the context of family conflicts, play a crucial role in reducing tensions and strengthening family relationships. Training these skills can contribute to improving family dynamics and reducing the psychological challenges arising from conflicts.

The category of aggression in personal and social relationships is an important issue that requires more and more research and knowledge. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting aggression based on communication skills and self-compassion, considering the mediating role of cognitive distortions. The current research was a type of correlation study with path analysis method. The statistical population of this research was all students of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan in the academic year of 2022-2023. The selected sample consisted of 253 people from among the target statistical population, who were selected by available sampling method. To collect data from the Communication Skills Questionnaire (CSTR) (Quindam, 2004), the Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCS) (Neff, 2003), the Aggression Questionnaire (EAI) (Eysenck and Glen Wilson, 1975) and the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (Abdollahzadeh and Salar, 2009) was used. The resulting data were analyzed in SPSS 26 and AMOS 23 software and with statistical tests of Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis. Data analysis showed a good fit of the model after modification. The direct effect of communication skills (0.20), self-compassion (-0.61) and cognitive distortions (0.19) on aggression was significant (p<0.05). Also, the indirect results of the paths showed that only the relationship between communication skills and the mediating role of cognitive distortions on aggression (-0.14) was significant (p<0.05). Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that communication skills, self-compassion and cognitive distortions have a significant role in aggression, and considering the high personal and social importance of the phenomenon of aggression and the various consequences it can have for society and individuals, attention Its predictive factors are important.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral game therapy on social skills and communication skills of high-functioning autistic children. The research design was semi-experimental and within the framework of a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The population studied in this research included all children with high functioning autism in 1401 in Shahrood. In order to collect information in the current research, Scott Bellini's (2007) social skills questionnaires and Gilliam's (1995) severity of autism symptoms questionnaires were used. The results of the data analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral play therapy has an effect on improving social skills and communication skills in children with high-functioning autism to the extent of 0.67 (p < 0.01). And this therapeutic method improves communication in high-functioning autistic children by 0.40 units, improves social interaction in high-functioning autistic children by 0.37 units, and improves social skills in high-functioning autistic children. It has an effect of 0.40 units. Cognitive behavioral game therapy has an effect on improving social skills in children with autism to a high performance of 0.37 units (p<0.01). Also, cognitive-behavioral game therapy has an effect on improving communication skills in children with autism with high performance by 0.46 units (p<0.01). And this therapeutic method has an effect on communication in children with high-functioning autism by 0.40 units and on improving social interaction in children with high-functioning autism by 0.37 units.

between political intelligence and spiritual intelligence with the communication skills of physical education managers of Islamic Azad University.

the study of the purpose and nature of the applied research component. The descriptive part of the strategy and the execution path solidarity are part of the investigation. A survey of all Directors of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, and the country numbering over 190 people. In this study, sampling Morgan Cluster a class method is used, for example, 78 people were selected. The survey questionnaire is gauged to measure organizational justice and organizational justice questionnaire Nyhvf and Moorman (1993), which consists of 20 items and three subscales of distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice (ties) in the questionnaire measuring spiritual intelligence and spiritual intelligence (ISIS) short form AMRAAM and dryer (2007)

Test results showed that the Pearson correlation between organizational justice and spiritual intelligence in physical education director of university relations positives there is weak but significant (r= 0/281, p= 0/02). There is no significant relationship between distributive justice and spiritual intelligence in the university physical education administrators (r= -0/076, p= 0/535). Between procedural justice and spiritual intelligence in physical education, director of university relations positives have significant mediums (r= 0/350, p= 0/003). Between interactional justice and spiritual intelligence in physical education, director of university relations positives have significant mediums (r= 0/318, p=0/008).

According to the results of the research on the influence of the variables of spiritual intelligence and political intelligence on the communication skills of physical education managers of Islamic Azad University and its components, it is suggested that to achieve more success and achievements in the field of communication skills.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of play therapy on communication skills, feelings of loneliness, and educational adjustment of children with hearing impairment. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all students with hearing impairment in the age range of 6 to 12 years in Damghan city in the academic year of 2018-2019, and 16 of them were randomly selected in two experimental and control groups using available sampling method. (Each group 8 people) were assigned. In order to measure the variables, the Revised Questionnaire of Queen-Dame Communication Skills (QCST-R), the Revised Loneliness Scale of Russell, Peplau and Catrona (R-UCLA) and the Educational Adjustment Questionnaire of Teaguez, Clark and Thorpe were used and the interventions Play therapy was performed as a group for the experimental group during 12 45-minute sessions in the rehabilitation unit. Multivariate covariance analysis was used in the SPSS software environment to check the research hypotheses. The results of the present study showed that the average of the experimental group was different in the post-test of communication skills and academic adjustment and feelings of loneliness. In fact, play therapy increases communication skills and its components (the ability to receive and send messages, emotional control, listening skills, insight into the process of communication and communication combined with assertiveness) as well as the educational adjustment of children with hearing impairment (p<0.01), and play-therapy was effective in reducing the loneliness of these children (p<0.01). It is suggested to use cognitive-behavioral play therapy with group performance to improve communication skills and increase educational adaptation and reduce the feeling of loneliness of hearing impaired children.

Life skills training has become an integral part of the agendas of global health organizations and many national programs, including Iran, to empower individuals to lead better lives by acquiring age-appropriate skills. The content of such training should be culturally, religiously, and contextually relevant, aligning with the needs, components, and elements of our culture and religion. This article, employing a critical review methodology, examines the content of life skills training provided by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education from the perspective of Islamic-Iranian culture. This package consists of twelve books, serving as a reference and guide in healthcare centers. The evaluation is based on three key criteria: how well the content aligns with credible, up-to-date, and practical research, Islamic theories, and Iranian cultures. In total, nineteen critical criticisms are identified under these criteria. The findings reveal significant shortcomings in the life skills training package, including insufficient attention to prioritizing skills based on local needs, outdated and extensive content, and a disregard for gender-specific requirements. Moreover, the role of religion in various aspects, such as achieving tranquility, stress, self-management, self-control, problem solving, and resolving marital conflicts, has been overlooked. Additionally, the package has paid minimal attention to the needs and issues faced by Iranian families, indigenous and ethnic variations, sub-cultures, the Persian language, proverbs, and other national symbols. In conclusion, it is recommended that new content be developed by incorporating the latest findings from global psychology, contemporary domestic research, and Islamic theories while considering the concerns of the Iranian population.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that can cause significant communication challenges. Because communication skills are essential to developing other skills, it seems necessary to use early interventions to improve communication skills in children with ASD. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize current research about the effect of the Hanen parent program on the communication, interaction, and language skills of children with ASD. Accordingly, it was searched for all articles and dissertations indexed in Persian and foreign databases, in ScienceDirect, Sagepub, Eric, Wiley, Springer, Pubmed, ProQuest, Noormags, Sid, Magiran, and Irandoc in the period 1990 to 2022; using a combination of expressions including “autism spectrum disorder”, “Hanen parent program”, “communication skills” and “early intervention”. Thus, according to the eligibility criteria (Inclusion and exclusion), thirteen articles were included in this systematic review. The results of these studies showed that the Hanen parent program can lead to the natural acquisition of communication skills in children with ASD by relying on strategies in the natural environment and parent-child interaction. Therefore, it is suggested that the Hanen parent program be used as a beneficial early intervention for children with ASD. However, due to the research limitations that reduce the generalization of the results, its effectiveness requires more detailed studies.

The purpose of this research was to predict the overall recovery of children with autism spectrum disorder based on the communication skills and empathy of mothers. The research method was descriptive-correlation with regression design. The statistical population was all the mothers of children who were referred to the rehabilitation clinics of Tehran and their children in the fall of 1401, from which 90 subjects were selected using a targeted sampling method. To collect information, Jarbak's communication skills questionnaire (CKIJT; Queen Dam Institute, 2004), Albiru empathy questionnaire (BES; Albiru et al., 2009), and clinical general statements (CGI; of the National Institute of Mental Health, 1976) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, and multiple concurrent regression. The results showed that the communication skills and empathy of mothers have a direct and significant relationship with the recovery of children with autism spectrum disorder (p<0.01). Mothers' communication skills and empathy predict 46% of the child's recovery changes. Based on the findings of the research, it was determined that communication skills are a stronger predictor than empathy for the recovery of children. Considering the results of the research, mothers' communication and empathy skills can be used to predict the recovery of children with autism spectrum disorder. Also, it is possible to include the interventions in planning a comprehensive treatment program in rehabilitation institutions and speed up the progress in the recovery of children.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the solution-focused kids' skill method on the life and communication skills of mentally retarded children. The statistical population of the research included all mentally retarded children aged 9-13 who were referred to Omid Exceptional School in the period of 1401-02, located in Sari city. The sample size of the study includes 30 children who were randomly selected from the statistical population using the available sampling method and were placed into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group was trained in eight 60-minute sessions, twice a week with the designed protocol. The instrument used is Wayland's compromising behavior scale. The results showed that in the effectiveness of this protocol, the control and experimental groups had significant differences (P>0.001) in the two components of communication skills and life skills, and covariance analysis and Welch's analysis of variance were used to achieve this difference. This indicates the effectiveness of the protocol designed for the solution-oriented child skill training method on the communication skills and life skills of mentally challenged children. It can be concluded that the child's skill training approach is effective in expanding the communication skills and lives of mentally disabled children.

The aim of this research was to develop a model exploring the structural relationship between personality dimensions and attachment styles, communication skills, and marital conflicts, mediated by early maladaptive schemas in couples facing divorce. This was a descriptive-correlational study. The population included all couples facing divorce who visited counseling centers in Takestan city during the second half of 2020 and 2021. A convenience sampling method was used, and the sample size was determined as 373 individuals based on Sample Power software. The research instruments included the Big Five Personality Traits Questionnaire, Communication Skills (Queendom, 2004), Marital Conflicts (Jones, 1997), Young’s Early Maladaptive Schemas (2007), and Hazan and Shaver’s Attachment Styles (1987). Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Amos software. The results showed that personality dimensions do not significantly relate to marital conflicts among couples facing divorce (p<0.05). Similarly, attachment styles do not significantly relate to marital conflicts (p<0.05). However, early maladaptive schemas played a mediating role in the relationship between personality dimensions and marital conflicts, with a significant t-value (17.97) and significance level (p<0.05). Additionally, early maladaptive schemas had a mediating role in the relationship between personality dimensions and communication skills, indicated by a significant t-value (17.93) and significance level (p<0.05). Furthermore, early maladaptive schemas mediated the relationship between attachment styles and marital conflicts, with a t-value (12.87) and significance level (p<0.05). Considering that early maladaptive schemas can play a mediating role in the relationships of couples facing divorce, they are a significant factor in shaping personality, attachment styles, and marital conflicts.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of premarital education based on the SYMBIS model on communication skills and conflict resolution skills of fiancés. In terms of the purpose, the current research was of an applied type, and in terms of the research design and method, it was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental group and a control group and a three-month follow-up period. Based on this, the statistical population of the research included all the fiancés who referred to the counseling centers of the 7th district of Tehran to receive pre-marital counseling in the first half of 2011. Therefore, 40 people (20 couples) were selected from among these people and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (20 people) and a control group (20 people). Then, premarital education based on the SYMBIS model prepared by Les and Leslie Perot (2006) was implemented on the experimental group. Also, in order to collect data, the research tools included the conflict resolution questionnaire (CRQ) and the communication skills questionnaire of Christensen and Salluvay (1984). In the descriptive part, frequency distribution tables were used, and in the inferential part of data analysis, mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test and SPSS software version 26 were used. The F value and the significance level of the obtained value were calculated in the variable of communication skills (F = 7.83 and P = 0.004) and conflict resolution skills (F = 6.91 and P = 0.006). Therefore, it can be concluded that the independent variable i.e. premarital education based on the SYMBIS model has significantly changed the dependent variables i.e. communication skills and conflict resolution skills. This means that the changes made in the dependent variables were caused by the membership in the experimental group or the independent variable (premarital education based on the SYMBIS model). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that premarital education based on the SYMBIS model is effective on the communication skills and conflict resolution skills of the fiancés. Therefore, this model can be used in premarital counseling.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on social exchange styles and psychological disturbance of women suffering from marital heartbreak. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research was married women suffering from marital burnout who referred to "Rokn" and "Rah Salamat" counseling centers in Tehran in 2022. To select the sample size, 30 women were randomly selected by purposeful sampling and divided into two experimental groups. and witnesses (15 people in each group) were placed. The research tools were Liebman et al.'s Social Exchange Styles Scale 2011 (SES), Kessler et al.'s Psychological Disturbance 2003 (K-10), and Pines Marital Burnout 1996 (CBM). The experimental group underwent 10 90-minute communication skills training sessions. Data analysis was done by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is a significant difference between the post-test average of the two experimental and control groups in the variables of social exchange styles (P=0.004) and psychological disturbance (P=0.002) of women suffering from marital heartbreak, which shows the effect of training skills There is a relationship in these women (P<0.05). Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that training communication skills by creating effective verbal and non-verbal communication, adaptability, and the formation of positive and useful behaviors leads to the strengthening of adaptive social exchange styles, reducing the psychological turmoil of women suffering from marital heartbreak.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of communication skills training through painting therapy on parent-child relationships and social skills.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and follow-up design which using experimental and control groups. Among all second-grade elementary female students in Takestan City, 24 participants were selected using available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The students in the experimental group participated in 11 sessions of communication skills training based on paint therapy which taken from group art therapy intervention (Martin, 2009) and previous intervention protocols (Ehsanpour, 2016; Shelani, 2015) and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were gathered using parent-child relationship scale (Pianta, 1994) and social skills rating scale (teacher form) (Gresham & Elliott, 1990) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up phases and analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance.

The results showed that in the experimental group, compared to the control group, after communication skills through painting therapy, the scores of closeness dimension in parent-child relationships (F= 28.09, P=.001) and social skills (F= 44.68, P=.001) had increased significantly and the scores of dependency (F= 22.80, P=.001) and conflict (F= 133.58, P=.001) dimension in parent-child relationships had significantly decreased.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that to improve parent-child relationships and children's social skills, communication skills training through painting therapy can be used.

The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and compiling a combined program based on the theory of mind method and the flortime method and its effectiveness on social-communication skills and stereotyped behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder.

The present research method is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) of sequential exploratory type. In the qualitative part with the approach of inductive content analysis, socio-statistics included all the valid scientific sources and articles indexed and related in the databases, and theoretical sampling and the saturation rule were used. In the quantitative part, the population of this research was all children aged 2 to 5 years with autism spectrum disorder who referred to Autism Center of Rafsanjan, who were willing to cooperate and participate in the meetings on behalf of themselves and their families. The sample included 5 children aged 2 to 5 years with autism spectrum disorder. These people were selected by purposeful sampling and investigated in a single-group study with a single-subject design. The research tool was Gilliam Gazer's (1994) questionnaire.

The results of the qualitative part of the research led to the development of a 12-session combined therapy package based on the theory of mind method and flortime method. The results of the quantitative part showed that the combined training method based on the theory of mind method and the flortime method had an effect on the social-communication skill components with an improvement percentage between 25 and 55%. The theory of mind method and the Flortime method have had an effect on the scores of stereotyped behaviors with a recovery percentage between 14 and 46%.

The conceptual model of the combined program based on the theory of mind method and the flortime method was developed based on the dimension of communication skills, the dimension of motor speech skills, the dimension of interpersonal skills and social interaction, and the dimension of emotion recognition. The results showed that the teaching method of the combined program based on the theory of mind method and the flortime method had an effect on social-communication skills and stereotyped behaviors.

Learning communication skills for children with autism spectrum disorders is not easy, but communication skills can be improved by using methods. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of body language training using the ABM method on the communication skills of autistic children.

The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with a follow-up control group. The statistical population of the present study includes all boys aged 6-12 years with autism spectrum disorder in Isfahan city in 1401, which was selected by voluntary sampling method of 30 boys with autism spectrum disorder using Cohen's table with an effect size of 0.4 0.8 test were selected. The tool used included Jarbak's communication skills questionnaire (2004); which was completed by the experimental and control groups as pre-test and post-test. Language training by ABM method was presented to the experimental group in the form of 18 sessions. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and by covariance analysis method.

The results show a significant effect of body language training using ABM method on communication skills in autistic children (P≥0.05).

Therefore, this type of training is recommended as one of the practical skills to improve communication skills in autistic children.

Communication skills are among the basic skills for living in the present age. Due to their job position, physicians must have sufficient skills to communicate properly with patients to enjoy comfort, satisfaction and health. The purpose of this study was the effect of communication skills training on flexibility, self-responsibility and professional commitment of Arak dental students in relation to patients. This study was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all dental students of Arak State University of Medical Sciences in 2019, who were selected by available sampling method of 24 people and randomly divided into experimental groups (n=12) and control (n= 12). After selecting the sample and performing a pre-test on both groups, the solution-based treatment program was performed on the experimental group during 11 sessions of 90 minutes (2 sessions per week) and no intervention was performed on the control group. Research instruments included the 20-item Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire by Dennis and Vanderwall (2010), and the 16-item Responsibility Questionnaire by Salkovskis et al., (2010) And the Clikeman & Henning (2020) 15-item Professional Commitment Questionnaire. To analyze the data from statistical methods of multivariate analysis of covariance and analysis of covariance was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of flexibility post-test and self-responsibility knowledge of experimental and control students. Based on the results, it can be said that communication skills training has an impact on students' flexibility and self-responsibility. Therefore, the intervention method of communication skills training, due to strengthening the mental ability to control unpleasant and inflexible thoughts, causes mental flexibility and avoidance of automatic thoughts and irrational cognitive distortions in the individual. And performing student-professional duties strengthens them positively.

The mechanism in which attachment styles relate to marital burnout has not been taken into account in past research.

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of communication skills in the relationship between attachment styles and marital burnout.

The method of the present study was correlational and structural equation modeling. The population of the study was all married people living in Hamedan City in 2020. Using the convenience sampling method, 327 married people were selected based on Cochran's formula. The sample group filled out a questionnaire consisting of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale Collins & Reed (1990), Queendom’s Communication Skills Scale Jerabek (2004), and the Marital Boredom Scale Pines (1996). Because of the Coronavirus outburst, the questionnaire was created electronically and posted on virtual social networks. Using Pearson correlation statistics and path analysis, data were analyzed by SPSS-24 and AMOS-24.

Results showed there were significant relationships (P<0.01) between secure attachment style and communication skills (β= 0.6), anxious attachment style and communication skills (β= -0.29), communication skills and marital burnout (β= 0.34), avoidant attachment style and marital burnout (β= 0.99), anxious attachment style and marital burnout (β= 1.52). Results also showed that in the indirect path, secure (β= 0.20) and anxious (β= -0.10) attachment styles were mediated significantly (P<0.01) through communication skills. But the indirect effect of avoidant attachment style was not significantly mediated by communication skills.

The results indicate that in a marital relationship, secure and anxious styles of attachment form and boost the communication skills of the couples influencing their marital burnout.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of life skills training on communication skills and resilience of male adolescents in the Corona era. The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included male students in the second year of high school studying in Tehran in the academic year 2021-2022, among them 30 students were selected as a sample using the available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people (15 people The experimental group and 15 people of the control group) were replaced. To collect data, Queen Dam's Communication Skills Questionnaire (CSTR 2004) and Connor and Davidson's Resilience Questionnaire (CD-RISC 2003) were used. Life skills training sessions were arranged in 12 sessions, two sessions per week each session lasting 90 minutes. Data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of data analysis showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference between the mean scores of communication skills and resilience in the post-test of the two experimental and control groups at the level of 0.05, and teenagers in the experimental group have higher communication skills and resilience than teenagers in the control group. Showed.

Marriage, as one of the oldest links between humans and the origin of the family, nurtures human character; as a small natural group, it has been the focus of many researchers. Among all the important relationships in human life, marital relationship is one of the most important relationships for human well-being. A desirable marital relationship not only fulfills the need for connection but also is an intimate and reliable relationship which creates a deep sense of connection and belonging. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and marital satisfaction with the mediation of alexithymia and communication skills. The study’s method was of the correlational type and the statistical population was made up of all married students of Tehran universities who had been married for at least one year. Among the population, 212 students were voluntarily selected through the available sampling method. They filled out Enrich’s Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Toronto’s Alexithymia (TAS-20), and Queen Dam’s Communication Skills (CSTR). The data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling method (df/X2 = 1.62, CFI = 0.975, GFI = 0.966, and RMSEA = 0.054). The results showed that communication skills had a positive and significant effect and alexithymia had a negative and significant effect on marital satisfaction. Communication skills mediated the relationship between self-esteem and marital satisfaction positively. In addition, self-esteem with the mediation of alexithymia could positively affect marital satisfaction (P < 0.05). It showed that self-esteem had a positive and significant relationship with marital satisfaction. Considering that marital satisfaction is one of the most important determinants of the efficiency and health of the family, paying attention to the factors affecting it can consider the physical and mental health of people as family members.