میان نسلی

Differences between age groups is a very important issue that can be the source of various cultural and social phenomena and issues.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the intergenerational social capital and its dimensions among men and women in Tuyserkan city.

The research method was a survey and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population included men and women over 15 years of age in Tuyserkan city in 2019, of which 392 were selected by cluster sampling.

Data analysis was done with ANOVA, Independent T-test, and Path Analysis in SPSS-25 software. The results showed that there is a difference between generations in terms of social capital and the older generation has more social capital; there is a difference between women and men in terms of social capital, and men have more social capital than women. There is a difference between age groups in terms of social capital, and the age group of 66 to 75 years has more social capital. Also, there is a relationship between income and social capital (P < 0.05).

In short, it can be said that there is a relationship between intergenerational variables, gender, age groups, income, type of job, marital status, level of education, place of residence, age of marriage, presence in society, and social capital; There is a difference between men and women as well as between different generations in terms of the variables of age of marriage, presence in society, economic capital, individual and social freedoms, social trust, and social mobility.

The family, as the first center of common life and socialization of children, will be effective in the occurrence of many social harms in case of disorder and critical relations between members. The present study was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of generation gap on the occurrence of running away from home among the youth of Tehran.

This research is descriptive analytical research and in terms of method, it is quantitative and survey type, taking into account the cross-sectional time criterion. The statistical population includes families with children aged 10 to 19 years old in Tehran city, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling in a period of nine months according to the families living in areas two, nine and sixteen using the Cochran formula, 324 people. The tool is a researcher-made questionnaire and an interview, which was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire using the face validity method, Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability, and SPSS software were used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that the generation gap has a significant and direct relationship in the occurrence of running away from home among the youth of Tehran (T=3.51). Also, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two different age groups of 14-10 and 19-15 years old in terms of average social damage (p = 0.001).

According to the results, it can be said that training parents in order to increase the ability to establish a relationship with their children, especially in the face of generational differences, can be a very important step in preventing the emergence of many deviations and social harms. For this reason, it is very necessary to raise the level of awareness in families in order to improve the mentioned process.

Today, parents- children relationships in the modern nuclear family has undergone fundamental changes. Some of these changes are natural and necessary for the progress and growth of the society, but when these changes increase rapidly due to generational factors, they turn into important issues and can be the source of many harms in families and consequently in societies. In this case, generation gap cannot be considered as a natural thing to be ignored. Studying sociological and educational sources and referring to verses, traditions and sayings of elders and religious thinkers, this article describes and explains the educational factors of generation gap within and outside the family. The findings showed that intrafamilial educational factors, such as the increasing employment of parents, the large age gap between parents and children, parents and children’s unfamiliarity with each other’s characteristics as well as extra-familial educational factors outside the family such as globalization, modernization, media and mass communication tools lead to generation gap in families.

In this article, we have studied the typology of adult children and parents using the latent class analysis method and Mplus software. The statistical population of this survey was men and women aged 18 and over in Tehran who had at least one living parent and noncoresident. The instrument used was a questionnaire and the sampling method is multi-stage cluster and has been selected a sample of 1000 people from 30 districts of Tehran. The results show that: The pattern of adult children's relationships with father and mother is almost the same and have been identified 4 types of Harmonious, Emotional, Obligatory and Discordant relationships that have been affected by structural conditions. Harmonious relationships have been more than 50% and emotional relationships more than 30%. Obligatory relationships were lower at mothers than fathers (5.5 vs. 3.5) and discordant relationships were lower at fathers than mothers (8.6 vs. 3.7). With increasing geographical distance, the chances of being in the emotional and discordant types have increased, and discordant relationships has been reported more in people whose fathers are divorced or without a spouse than in other types. The quality of the relationship with the parents, in a harmonious and emotional types, have been more than obligatiry and especially discordant. In general, it can be said that in the relations between adult children and parents in the city of Tehran, generational solidarity is dominant and generational conflict is not common

Emerging newer theories in explaining intergenerational differences and the process of generational change and transformations and predicting its consequences seems necessary and important. Therefore, the current research aimed to explain intergenerational differences and predict generational changes based on the concept of generation disjunction.

This research was a review type and analytical-descriptive research. The library and documentary method were used to collect data. After collecting the information, the findings related to the subject of this article were described in the findings section for discussion and conclusion.

The findings indicate fundamental differences between the Z generation and other generations. These differences include a wide range, including: cultural, social, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, linguistic, attitudinal, etc.

It can be concluded that the concept of generation disjunction helps to better understand and explain sociocultural phenomena related to Generation Z.

 The emotional atmosphere of the family (EAF) has an outstanding impact on the performance of young athletes. Nowadays, the generation gap (GG) and addiction to online social networks (AOSN) are some of the most pressing issues that have attracted the attention of psychologists. This study aimed to predict the EAF based on the GG and AOSN of young football players in Tehran. 

 The method of the present study was descriptive and correlational studies. The population of this study consisted of male football players selected from the youth football schools in Tehran in the fall of 2021, from which 169 youth football players were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. Data were collected using the Family Emotional Atmosphere Questionnaire (FEAQ), the Perceived Generation Gap Questionnaire (Olson, 1999), and the Mobile Social Addiction Questionnaire by (Khajeh Ahmadi et al., 2016). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

 The results showed that AOSN (p<0.01, r=-0.46) and its components, such as personal performance, time management, self-control, and social relationships, have a significant negative relationship with the EAF of young football players (p <0.01). GG (p <0.01, r = -0.38) and its components, such as solidarity with father, solidarity with mother, duration of interaction, place, decision-making, emotional communication, parents' relations with each other and their associations with children also had a significant negative relationship with the EAF of young football players (p <0.05). The results also indicated that the components of AOSN and the GG together explain 26% of the total variance of the EAF of young football players (p <0.01). The overall score of AOSN and GG also explained 37% of the changes in the EAF of the young footballers' families (p <0.01).

 According to the findings, the EAF of young football players in Tehran is predicted based on the GG and AOSN.

This research aimed to predicting of youth’ tendency to non-traditional criteria of mate selection based on factors of generation gap. This study was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The statistical population of research included all youth of Jahrom city in 2016 year. From them 320 person were selected by multistep cluster sampling method and all of them completed the research-made valid and reliable questionnaires of non-traditional criteria of mate selection and generation gap. Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with enter model methods. The findings showed instrumental attitude to marriage, social freedoms and marriage through dating in cyberspace had a positive and significant relationship with non-traditional criteria of mate selection and marriage through dating in relatives and acquaintances had a negative and significant relationship with non-traditional criteria of mate selection, but marriage through dating in educational space hadn’t significant relation with non-traditional criteria of mate selection. Other findings showed factors of generation gap can predicted 28/8 percent of variance of youth’ tendency to non-traditional criteria of mate selection (P<0/05). Therefore suggest that planners to reduction the youth’ tendency to non-traditional criteria of mate selection design and implementation appropriate programs to decrease the instrumental attitude to marriage, social freedoms and marriage through dating in cyberspace and increase the marriage through dating in relatives and acquaintances.

Transition is a social phenomenon that usually reveals itself in all societies and their values. Technology and the new social affairs have brought up a new generation. Meanwhile has caus-ed a problem for this generation that has impaired the process of new generation’s socialization who wants to communicate effectively with other members of society and wants to use the ancestors’ legacy. The researchers used Allport and En-gelhat’s theories to examine this issue. Objectives of this paper include: a) differences between father’s value hierarchy with his boy’s value hierar-chy.b) differences between father’s materi-al values and their boy’s material va-lue’s. c) differences between father’s super material values and their boy’s super material values.All Ilam’s third grade high school male students form the statistical pop-ulation of this research. Fathers and sons completed the questionnaires and participated in interviews. According to the results, the priority of fathers and their boy’s value are economical, social, religious, theoretical, political, and aesthetic respectively. Regarding the Engelhat’s value system, the priority of father’s value are welfare, wealth, and national security. The super material and material value comprise the priority of fathers and boy’s values respectively. The result of the research also indicates that in regard to the economical, political, and socials values, there is a deep difference between fathers and their boys; there is a trivial difference regarding the scientific and religious values; and there is not any difference regarding the aesthetic values. As a result, we often see different values in the children with their parents.