نوجوان

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of effortful control in the relationship between moral identity and antisocial behaviors in adolescents.

The statistical population included all high school students in Shiraz City during the 2022–2023 academic year. A sample of 567 students was selected using a multi-stage random cluster method. Questionnaires on moral identity (Aquino & Reed, 2002), effortful control (Ellis & Rothbart, 2001), and antisocial behaviors (Burt & Donnellan, 2009) were distributed among them. All analyses were performed using SPSS 24 and AMOS 24 software. The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis.

The findings indicated that the proposed model fits the data well. The path coefficients from moral identity to effortful control (p = 0.000, β = -0.50), from effortful control to antisocial behaviors (p = 0.000, β = -1.13), and from moral identity to antisocial behaviors (p = 0.009, β = -0.30) were significant at the 0.01 level. Additionally, other findings showed that effortful control mediates the relationship between moral identity and antisocial behaviors (p = 0.000, β = -0.25) at the 0.01 level.

Strengthening moral identity along with effortful control can lead to a reduction in antisocial behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended to pay special attention to the concepts of effortful control and moral identity to reduce antisocial behaviors.

With increasing access to the Internet as one of the most important means of communication and information, an increase in dysfunctional Internet use is observed among teenagers. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of internet gaming disorder symptoms in the relationship between loneliness and social anxiety with mind wandering. The statistical database includes all students studying in the first and second secondary levels (teenagers aged 13 to 18) in Tehran in the academic year 1401-1402. The sample size was 252 people. In order to collect information, questionnaires containing 5 sections were compiled and demographic information was collected in the first section and research fields were collected in the second to fifth sections. The measurements of the research were done using the Online Gaming Addiction Inventory (2002), the Mind Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ), the Social Anxiety Inventory (SAIN) and the Loneliness Questionnaire (UCLA). SPSS25 and Smart PLS 3 software were used to check descriptive results and path analysis. The results of the path analysis showed that the symptoms of Internet gaming disorder play a mediating role in the social anxiety relationship and mind wandering. It also shows that internet gaming disorder symptoms do not play a mediating role in relation to loneliness and mind wandering. In this way, the relationship between loneliness and mind wandering was confirmed but the relationship between loneliness and internet gaming disorder were rejected. Programs to reduce social anxiety and loneliness can help reduce students' mind wandering.

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between parent-child relationship and quality of relationship with parents with identity crisis in adolescent girls of Isfahan city, taking into account mediating role of interpersonal problems, differentiation and self-esteem. The method was descriptive research of correlational type and statistical population included all teenage female students of Isfahan city, from which 300 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. After removing incomplete questionnaires, analysis was done on 254 questionnaires. Data were collected through questionnaires on identity crisis, parent-child relationships, and quality of relationships with parents, self-esteem, interpersonal problems, and differentiation. Descriptive indices and structural equation analysis were used to analyze data. The results showed that quality of relationship with parents and parent-child relationship is directly and indirectly related to identity crisis through self-esteem (p<0/05), but quality of relationship with parents and parent-child relationship has no significant relationship with identity crisis through interpersonal problems and differentiation (p>0/05). Findings of present study showed that in order to prevent identity crisis in teenagers, it is necessary to emphasize importance of improving self-esteem in them, especially through parent training in order to improve quality of relationship with parents and parent-child relationship.

The present study aimed to examine the effects of helicopter parenting on the psychological-social health of adolescents and emerging adults. Based on specialized keywords in English databases from 2017 to 2024 and in domestic databases from 1398 to 1403, 313 articles were reviewed according to the inclusion criteria and quality assessment using the PRISMA model. After the final quality evaluation, 56 articles were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria relevant to answering the research question. The results of various studies indicated that although helicopter parenting has positive effects (psychological adjustment and well-being) in some research, the majority of the literature highlights its negative impacts on the psychological aspects (eating disorders and sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression, risky behaviors, self-inflation and impulsivity, problems in the components related to individuality, academic problems, job problems, poor life skills) and on social health aspect (lack of trust and alienation between peers, negative interactions, lack of mastery and reduced competence in relationships, moral disengagement) in adolescents and emerging adults. Considering the findings of the present study, the effects of helicopter parenting on the psychological-social health of adolescents and emerging adults are generally assessed as negative.

The aim of this research was to determine the role of attachment styles and alienation from parents in explaining the subjective vitality of female students through the mediation of basic psychological needs.The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational research was about 3300 people and included all female students of public highschools in Tabriz city (2022), of which 250 people were selected by available sampling method and answered to the research instrument by online which was included questionnaires of Ryan and Fredick's subjective vitality (1997), Hazen and Shaver's attachment styles (1987), alienation from parents of Gardner (2001), and the basic psychological needs of Guardia, Deci and Ryan (2000). The results of data analysis useing of SPSS16 and AMOS24 softwares showed that In addition to the good fit of the research model (RMSEA = 0.05), attachment styles had a direct effect and an indirect effect on subjective vitality due to the psychological need for communication (P < 0.05). Alienation from parents only had a direct effect on subjective vitality (P < 0.01). A positive relationship was found between secure style and basic psychological needs with the Subjective vitality of female students; this relationship between avoidant and ambivalent styles and alienation from parents was negative (P < 0.01). Considering the research findings, it is important to make suitable policies and hold educational workshops for the target groups in order to strengthen secure attachment styles, reduce alienation from parents and meet psychological needs in promoting the subjective vitality of adolescent girls.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on bullying behaviors and moral disengagement among teenagers. The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a 2-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all male students aged 13 to 17 years old in the second secondary schools of Tabriz from February 2022 to May 2023. The study sample included 40 students selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into an experimental group (20 people) who received mindfulness intervention for 8 sessions and a control group (20 people) who did not receive any intervention. The measurement tools included the Illinois Bullying Scale (IBS, Espelage & Holt, 2001) and the Moral Disengagement Mechanisms Scale (MMDS, Bandura & et al, 1996). The analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used in SPSS version 26 to analyze the data. The results showed that after the intervention, the level of bullying behaviors (p<0.01) and moral disengagement (p<0.01) in the experimental group decreased significantly, and this decrease in average scores continued in the two-month follow-up. According to the findings, it can be suggested that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly reduces bullying behaviors and moral disengagement and is a promising option for improving the psychological performance of adolescents.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment approach based on self-compassion on psychological well-being and flexibility. The research design was a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test type with a control group. Statistical population included 150 girls and boys in 13 to 18 ages from the Tunkabon, Tehran, and Qazvin cities, who entered the study by online invitation. Research sample included 15 in experimental group and 15 in control group that selected through the purposive sampling. Instruments encompassed Ryff psychological well-being and Bond and et al acceptance and action questionnaire-II for psychological flexibility that completed before and after intervention in pre-test and post-test. The intervention program acceptance and commitment therapy based self-compassion was implemented in eight online 90 minutes’ sessions and control group was also placed on the waiting list.  Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze of data. The results showed that the approach of acceptance and commitment based on self-compassion has been significantly effective in increasing psychological well-being and psychological flexibility. Therefore, given these findings, this approach is appropriate intervention for psychological well-being and psychological flexibility in Adolescent’s life situations.

Adverse childhood experiences wield a significant and enduring impact on long-term health and well-being, closely intertwining with the development of early maladaptive schemas. To meticulously explore the role of parent-child relationships in this dynamic, the Young Parenting Questionnaire underwent iterative design and refinement across subsequent versions.

This study aimed to ascertain the validity and reliability of the third iteration of the Young Parenting Questionnaire within a sample drawn from the 18-16 community in Tehran.

Employing a descriptive survey approach, the study encompassed 922 high school students from various districts of Tehran. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed through multiple instruments, including measures of parental acceptance-rejection, attachment to parents and peers, depression, anxiety, stress, internal shame, psychological well-being, and gratitude. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, omega coefficient, inter-item correlation, and test-retest reliability.

The Young Parenting Questionnaire exhibited positive correlations with measures of parental acceptance and rejection, attachment to parents and peers, internal shame, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress as assessed by the DASS questionnaire. Conversely, it displayed a negative correlation with psychological well-being and gratitude measures. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for questions pertaining to fathers and mothers were reported as 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. Test-retest reliability demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.92 (p< 0.01), indicating temporal stability.

The third iteration of the Young Parenting Questionnaire demonstrated robust validity and reliability. Consequently, it can be cautiously employed in both research endeavors involving adolescents and clinical settings pertaining to adolescent issues. Nonetheless, further research endeavors should address the current study's limitations to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the questionnaire's applicability within Iranian society.

This research was conducted with the aim of meta-analysis of the influencing factors on improving the emotional-functional capabilities of adolescents by the integrated developmental approach. The statistical population was all the articles and theses related to the subject that were published in Persian in Iranian specialized scientific journals databases included in (magiran, irandoc, and sid) at years 2013 to 2023. Searching using keywords; Interactions, emotion regulation, cognitive skills (problem-solving, questioning, logical and flexible thinking), and metacognition was conducted with a focus on adolescents. Among the researchers included in this research, 40 cases were selected for review and analyzed with CMA2 software. The Funnel diagram was utilized to calculate the effect size, the Hedge's g, and the fixed and random effects model and To check the amount of publication bias in the studies. Also, I2 and Q tests indicated that the studies were not homogeneous. The results of the data analysis showed that the size of the combined effect of the factors that were affecting emotional-functional capabilities was 0.771 in the fixed model and 0.885 in the random model, which was statistically significant. Also, the greatest impact on emotional-functional capabilities was related to the effective interaction factor (1.784) and the least impact was related to the skill learning factor (0.053). Finally, the most important point was that among the factors affecting the emotional-functional abilities of adolescents, effective interactions, problem-solving ability, and emotion regulation strategies had the most meaningful effect, which means the importance of these three factors in improving the developmental performance of adolescents.

This study aimed to design a compassion-based mindfulness training program for adolescents using the intervention mapping approach.  Intervention mapping is a method that employs a repetitive and cumulative process to develop health-oriented interventions grounded in theory, evidence, and practice. This research involved reviewing theoretical and empirical knowledge on compassion, as well as incorporating expert opinions from the fields of positive psychology and developmental psychology. The primary goal was to create a context-specific protocol for teaching compassion-based mindfulness to adolescents.  The results indicated that achieving compassion-based mindfulness through this educational protocol is linked to factors such as emotional expression, perfectionistic parenting, blame-oriented environments, social media influences, basic needs, and self-care. These findings highlight that a one-dimensional approach to compassion is insufficient and that various social, familial, and individual dimensions must be considered.  Oversimplifying the concept of compassion by focusing on a single aspect leads to a limited understanding and less effective interventions. Compassion interventions should be designed and implemented in a multidimensional manner, taking into account the diverse aspects of this construct.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and investigating the social components of group online computer games in the lives of teenagers.Considering the effect of modern online computer games on the components of people's social life, it is necessary to design a qualitative study to understand the mental world of the audience and those interested in these games, the social effects of this type of games from the perspective of gamers who are often in their teens. and they are young, and their experiences, opinions, and demands were taken into consideration so that we can better investigate the various aspects and effects of these advanced computer games. The important point is that new media and tools (virtual space, computer games) have created a culture that has influenced the culture of the general public, especially teenagers and young people. Therefore, despite the ever-increasing spread of these media, tools, software and hardware, etc., which has been associated with significant popularity and acceptance, the current research aims to identify and examine the components of The social impact of group online computer games in the life of teenagers. The method of this research was qualitative and by step-by-step thematic analysis of Brown and Clark. Non-probability and purposeful sampling and data collection was done through interviews. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 teenagers playing computer games online. Purposive sampling was used until theoretical data saturation was reached. Data analysis resulted in 54 primary codes, 8 basic themes, 2 organizing themes including "positive and constructive social components" and "negative and destructive social components" and an overarching theme titled "social components of group online computer games". The results showed that various factors may be involved in social communication around modern online computer games, which have an effect on the social life of teenagers who make up the majority of gamers of these games. Identifying and examining these components can significantly help in designing and modifying cultural and educational programs as well as effective communication between people who are in contact with teenagers in any way.

The present study was conducted to design a model of social identification based on the lived experience of adolescent girls. The qualitative research method was the type of foundation data. The statistical population of the research included the trained people of the NADA Center (Movement of Imam's Daughters) who were selected in 1402 by purposive sampling. Then the social identity scale was implemented on them and the people who got a very good score considering the theoretical saturation point of 12 people, were subjected to a semi-structured interview. Based on the findings, the social identification pattern includes: causal conditions of growth and purposefulness, background conditions of distance from reality, lack of interpersonal communication skills, personality weakness, lack of identity, Strategies for strengthening social activism, leadership, talent development, skill enhancement, revolutionary role-taking, religious education and insight enhancement were obtained. Also, the intervening factors include the lack of skills to work with teenagers in centers and institutions and the confrontation of the family with the teenager and the consequences including religious and revolutionary role-playing, social activism, social education, and integrated identity. The model of social identification is an example of national, Islamic, and revolutionary identification. This study can be applied practically by governmental and non-governmental organizations and institutions, activists in the field of education, psychologists and counselors active in the field of mental health, and policymakers.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on sleep quality, mood and anxiety symptoms, and addiction symptoms to online games in adolescents. The present research was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design and control group. The research population was 9th and 10th-grade male students addicted to the online game of one district of Ahvaz city in the 2021-2022 academic years. Several 30 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of mindfulness training. The research tools included the demographic information form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, Buysee et al, 1989), Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ, Wardenaar et al, 2010), and Online Game Questionnaire (OGQ, Whang and Chang, 2002). Data were analyzed by tests of chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that by controlling the pretest effect, there was a significant difference between the posttest average of sleep quality, mood, and anxiety symptoms, and addiction symptoms to online games in adolescents at a level smaller than 0.001. According to the results of this study, counselors and therapists can use mindfulness training methods along with other training methods to improve the psychological characteristics of adolescents.

The aim of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of training to facilitate the experience of emotion and regulate it on the resilience and adaptive behaviors of adolescents. The research design was experimental. The statistical population of the present study included the first year high school students of Allameh Tabatabai boys' school in district 10 of Tehran province in the academic year of 1402-1401, who were selected from among the statistical population using available sampling method. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions in the training program to facilitate emotion and regulate it. The control group did not receive any training in this field. At the end of the sessions, Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire and Bell's adaptability questionnaire were completed by them. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The results showed that training to facilitate the experience of emotion and regulate it has significant effects on increasing resilience indicators and adaptation dimensions of teenagers, and by teaching teenagers to facilitate the experience of emotion and regulate it, it increased their resilience and adaptability

The aim of this study was to determine the process, technical and content characteristics of the model of counseling for the prevention of transmission of parental psychological annoyance. The qualitative study was conducted with the Grounded theory approach and through purposive and theoretical sampling. The study population was selected from parents aged 35 to 50 years with adolescent children living in Tehran who participated in the interview voluntarily. Using in-depth and semi-structured interviews, data were collected and after the attainment of theoretical saturation in the eighteenth interview, Glaserian method was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis were categorized into four components: annoyance due to communication space, annoyance due to interactions, annoyance due to educational method and annoyance due to living situation along with its perception factors. Then, based on the obtained data, the model of counseling to prevent the transmission of parental psychological annoyance to children, was designed in the form of six processes, including empathetic and trustworthy Relationship; Assessment and evaluation; Facing resistance; informing; Introducing a new ontology with an emphasis on the principle of conscious choice and responsibility; The action based on a new perspective and reinforcement. According to the findings, in the obtained model, client is expected to be able to review the range of his lived experiences from a developmental perspective and based on a different ontology and create a healthier parenting based on the modification of the cycle of transmission of annoyance from the original family while relieving the experienced annoyances.

Obsessional symptoms, as a major concern in adolescent mental health, are influenced by early maladaptive schemas. However, the distinction in this mechanism between boys and girls has not been clearly defined. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the connection between early maladaptive schemas and dimensions of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adolescents, considering the moderating effect of gender.

Based on a correlational design, 300 men and women students studying in Isfahan City in 2022-2023 were selected using random cluster sampling. They were administered the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form and the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation, Fisher's Z, and multiple regression statistical tests with SPSS-26 software.

The results of the correlation test showed that there is a relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and the dimensions of obsessive symptoms in adolescents. Additionally, the results of Fisher's Z test indicated that gender can moderate the relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and dimensions of obsessive symptoms. The results of the regression analysis also revealed that the early maladaptive schemas play a more significant role in explaining the overall obsession score of boys adolescents compared to girls adolescents. Moreover, the vulnerability schema in boys adolescents emerged as the most reliable predictor of the total obsession score, whereas in girls adolescents, the dependency schemas domain was the key predictor.

In general, the results of this research not only support the role of schemas in obsessive-compulsive symptoms among adolescents but also demonstrate the moderating influence of gender on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the dimensions of adolescent obsessive-compulsive symptoms. These findings can assist therapists specializing in obsession treatment by tailoring treatment approaches to address specific dimensions of obsessions and compulsions in girls and boys, thereby enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

Idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal disease that has been prevalent in adolescent in recent years. One of the treatments for this disease is the use of brace that creates physical and psychological limitations. The purpose of the present study, which is based on single-case experimental research, is to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness techniques training on improving the quality of life of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis treated with brace and their parents.

The sample consisted of 67 subjects, 5 adolescents (10-18 years old) and 4 parents after entering and leaving the criteria of the study in three groups: adolescent group, parent group, parent-adolescent group. Each 9 subjects were trained for 6 sessions of 1.5 hours. The participants in the baseline stage, the treatment stages, the end of treatment, the one-month follow-up and the two-month follow-up of WHOQOL for parents and the brace questionnaire (BrQ) to measure the quality of life of adolescents. The collected data were analyzed by Recuperation percentage and Reliable Change Index (RCI).

The results obtained from calculation of Recuperation percentage in quality of life in three group according to subjects are 1- adolescent group(50%-21%-22%) 2-parent (35%-30%) 3- parent-adolescent(30%-35%) and comparison of differentiation in that variable of three groups are generally 31%,32% and 56% respectively. Likewise RCI in three specified group had significant improvement statistically and clinically. Also the patients who had participated in intervention with their parents and had less treatment period, They had a significant improvement in the quality of life variable.

According to the gained results, mindfulness techniques can be used as a suitable intervention to reduce negative psychological effects and improve the quality of life in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

To provide culturally-based interventions, it is essential to identify the factors that underlie them. This study aimed to identify the underlying components of the need for compassion in Iranian adolescents. The study was conducted qualitatively using interviews and texts. The literature review included approximately 150 articles, 25 Iranian and international dissertations, and 5 books related to compassion and positive psychology, all selected from credible sources. The interview stage aimed to find the answer to the factors affecting compassion in Iranian adolescents. The sample was selected from positive psychology professionals with a targeted method and theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 13 people. Out of 61 themes, 9 highly recurring were identified as influential on the need for compassion in Iranian adolescents. These included: educating traits of a compassionate mind, challenges of adolescence, self-awareness of talents, expression of emotions in adolescence, self-care, parental perfectionism, insistence on academic achievements, emphasis on choosing specific fields of study, and social media. All components were validated, with content validity index values ranging from 0.87 to 1. Six of the nine themes, recognizing talents, expressing emotions in adolescence, self-care, parental perfectionism, insistence on cognitive achievements, and social media, were new components emerging from Iranian society. The other two themes, educating traits of a compassionate mind and challenges of adolescence were emphasized in previous programs and by specialists in this study. The identified components can aid in developing the educational-psychological intervention in the school context and tailored to Iranian adolescents and culture.

The challenge of understanding adolescents is an inherent aspect of contemporary parent-adolescent relationships. This research aims to investigate adolescents' lived experiences of parental misunderstanding using a qualitative approach and phenomenological method. Participants consisted of 15 to 18-year-old adolescent boys and girls from Sabzevar city during the summer of 2023, selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Data collection involved semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 14 participants, reaching theoretical saturation. Findings, analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-stage phenomenological analysis, identified 36 sub-themes and 4 main themes: "Generational Gap," "Loss of Independence," "Lack of Support," and "Inadequate Connection," revealing adolescents' experiences of parental misunderstanding. The results not only enhance insights into current parent-adolescent dynamics but also provide a foundation for practical interventions and programs to improve these relationships.