نوجوانان

The present study analyzes the underlying factors in the phenomenon of sexual abuse by examining the experiences of victim teenagers. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing a phenomenological strategy. The research population included teenage females who were sexually assaulted in Tehran during the 2022-2023 academic year. 14 girls were identified as victims of harassment and sexual abuse who were referred to the forensic medicine department in Tehran. These victims were selected using the purposeful sampling technique for critical cases. A semi-structured interview was employed as a data collection instrument in accordance with theoretical saturation. It is implemented in a textual method to identify concepts and phenomenological categories for analysis. Inductive content analysis was implemented as the methodology for data analysis. The results indicated that the primary factors contributing to the phenomenon of sexual abuse, as perceived by teenagers who are victims of this phenomenon, are (1) environmental factors (unfaithful friends, drug use, experience of friendship with the opposite sex, poor education, and unhealthy environment) and (2) social factors (gender discrimination, promise of marriage, and sexual violence). These actions and policies recommend the development of a healthy social and school environment to prevent drug use, the promotion of awareness among teenagers about sexual issues, the ability to avoid deception and not lie, the selection of suitable friends, the neutralization of false information from peers and friends, and the implementation of measures to reduce gender discrimination and sexual violence in society, family, and school.

This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of Islamic Life Skills training and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) therapy on the Distress Tolerance of adolescents with high-risk behavior. The present research method was the type of quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and a control group design with a two-month follow-up period. The population of this research included all secondary high school male students of Rasht City in 2023; among them, 45 students were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (17 people). A research questionnaire was the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005) (DTS). Repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that both groups of Islamic life skills and MBSR are more effective than the control group on the distress tolerance variable and its components (P>0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the two intervention groups for the distress tolerance variable and its components (P>0.05), and it showed more effectiveness of MBSR than Islamic life skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that MBSR is a more effective intervention than Islamic life skills in increasing the distress tolerance of adolescents with high-risk behavior.

Religion, and, in general, culture are among the most important components of national identity worldwide. Islam is considered one of the primary criteria for the national identity of Iranians. Therefore, strengthening national identity is somewhat linked to reinforcing religious foundations. Among these religious foundations, beliefs serve as the underlying base, and within the principles of belief, monotheism is regarded as the most important element. This article aims to identify the requirements and methods for teaching monotheism to adolescents through edutainment and television programs to enhance their national identity.

Part of the research related to the foundational issues was conducted using documentary and library methods, while the upper-level research, due to a lack of library resources and the novelty of the concept of edutainment in our academic literature, utilized in-depth interviews with experts and specialists. In-depth and targeted interviews were conducted with specialized experts. After conducting the interviews and going through the stages of recording and documentation, the desired data was obtained

In our religious and national culture, numerous uses have been made of this strategy. Since the concept of monotheism is the highest element among Islamic teachings and exists like a soul within the body of all Islamic regulations, it is essential to avoid oversimplifying its education. Shallowing this concept is harmful, and care must be taken to preserve it. Balancing entertainment and education, as well as accurately and correctly understanding today's youth, are also essential requirements in this matter.

The primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of strengths-based psychotherapy in decreasing anxiety sensitivity and panic attacks among adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder.

The method of the present study was an experiment with a pre-test and a post-test with a control group. The present study population comprised of female teenagers diagnosed with major depressive disorder who visited the academic counseling center in city of Ardabil (Iran) between April to June 2024. In this research, 30 eligible participants were chosen through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group (15 individuals each). Data collection involved use of Beck's depression questionnaire 1996), anxiety sensitivity measures by Taylor and Cox (1998), and panic symptom assessments by Liebowitz and colleagues (1984). The experimental group received strengths-based psychotherapy consisting of 8 ninety-minute weekly sessions, and post-test evaluations were conducted for both groups to assess the intervention's impact. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS-24 statistical software.

The results revealed that the mean scores of the experimental group for anxiety sensitivity (F=90.54, P≤0.001) and panic attacks (F=11.90, P≤0.05) were significantly lower than those of the control group.

These findings suggest that strengths-based psychotherapy could serve as a novel and effective approach to reducing anxiety sensitivity and panic attacks in adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused art therapy on psychological capital and Anger rumination in abused and orphaned adolescents. The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all abused and orphaned adolescent girls supported by the Bushehr welfare organization in 2023 in Bushehr. The research sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) by Luthans and Avolio (2007) and Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) by Sukhodolsky et al., (2001) were utilized to collect data. The data was analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference (p<0.01) between the post-test of the experimental and control groups in psychological capital (efficacy, hope, resilience, optimism) and anger rumination (Angry Afterthoughts, Thoughts of Revenge, Angry Memories, Understanding of Causes). Consequently, it can be declared that compassion-focused art therapy is an efficient treatment for enhancing psychological capital and decreasing anger rumination in abused and orphaned adolescents.

The aim of this study is to identify and analyze emotion regulation-based behavioral patterns in adolescents with performance anxiety. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews for data collection. A sample of 26 adolescents with performance anxiety from Tehran was selected. Participants were chosen based on theoretical saturation, and data were gathered through individual interviews. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software and thematic analysis. The results revealed that adolescents used various emotion regulation strategies, including negative emotion acceptance, positive coping strategies such as goal focus and recalling past successes, and social support from family and friends. Adolescents who employed negative coping strategies like worry and avoidance experienced higher levels of anxiety. The study showed that emotion regulation plays a significant role in reducing performance anxiety in adolescents. Positive coping strategies and emotion acceptance were identified as key factors in alleviating performance anxiety. Additionally, social support from family and peer groups helped improve the emotional well-being of adolescents.

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of social interactions on cognitive processes and social anxiety in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. This is a qualitative study that used semi-structured interviews to collect data. Twenty-seven adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder from Tehran were purposefully selected. Data were gathered through individual interviews with the participants and were analyzed using Nvivo software. The data analysis was carried out through open, axial, and selective coding. The results indicated that social interactions significantly impacted social anxiety and self-esteem in adolescents. Positive social interactions, such as social support and friendships, significantly increased self-esteem and reduced social anxiety. On the other hand, negative interactions, such as social rejection and negative evaluations by peers, exacerbated social anxiety. Furthermore, social interactions had positive effects on cognitive processes, enhancing cognitive skills such as analytical thinking and decision-making. This study shows that social interactions play a crucial role in managing social anxiety and improving cognitive processes in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Therefore, providing opportunities for positive social interactions can help reduce social anxiety and improve cognitive skills in adolescents.

The objective of this study is to examine the role of social cognition in the formation of group identity in adolescents. This research is a qualitative study that utilized semi-structured interviews to collect data. Data were collected from 25 adolescents residing in Tehran, aged 15 to 18. Participants were selected purposefully from various social and cultural groups. Data analysis was performed using NVivo software based on thematic analysis. The results of this study indicate that social cognition plays a key role in the formation of adolescents' group identity. Various factors such as family, peer groups, media, and school significantly influence this process. Key concepts identified include a sense of belonging to the group, social interactions, and the acceptance of group norms. Furthermore, adolescents who were members of different social groups experienced a stronger group identity. This study emphasizes that social cognition plays a crucial role in the formation of group identity during adolescence. Social interactions and group experiences can help adolescents strengthen their social identity and experience a sense of belonging to various groups. Therefore, creating healthy and supportive social spaces for adolescents in different environments is essential.

The purpose of the present study was to predict the perception of parents' sex education style based on spiritual beliefs and the amount of use of virtual space in high school teenagers of Ilam city. The current research was of applied type and among descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of the current research included all female students of the second secondary school in one district of Ilam city, which was approximately 1371 people based on the obtained statistics. The sampling method was non-random and the sample group was selected and included in the research in virtual networks. The final sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula and including more than 200 people. The research tools included Rasoolabadi's Social Networking Usage Questionnaire. (2015), Abdollahzadeh & KeyKhosravi's Parental Sexual Education Styles Questionnaire (2019), and the spiritual beliefs questionnaire of the National Institute of Health of the United States (1999). Pearson correlation and regression tests and SPSS-21 software were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that spiritual beliefs and the use of virtual space can explain 66% of the variance of the authoritarian sex education style and 60% of the variance of the autocratic sex education style.Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and experts in the evaluation process of their clients who suffer from issues related to the perception of authoritarian and permissive sexual education style, examine the component of spiritual beliefs and the amount of use of virtual space and benefit from the results of this research.

The research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between value system and psychological well-being in adolescents. The statistical population of this research was female teenagers in Qazvin city in the academic year 1400-1401, where 240 teenagers from the first secondary school were selected by available sampling method. The participants responded to Rief's psychological well-being questionnaires, Reyes et al.'s self-compassion questionnaires, and Schwartz's value system. Data analysis was done by structural equation modeling using spss 26 and Amos 26 software. The results showed that the conceptual model of the research has a good fit with the experimental data and self-compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship between the value system and psychological well-being. It shows the increase of explanatory variance in the present study, from 0.46 in the direct model to 0.87 in the mediation model. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the value system as a protective factor can predict psychological well-being both directly and through the influence on self-compassion.

The purpose of this research was Compiling and evaluating of intervening package of leisure enrichment on increment of Career adaptability of adolescent age 16-18. This research is a mixed exploratory approach that was carried out in two stages. The first step was to compile the leisure enrichment intervention package and the second step was to examine the impact of the intervention on increasing adaptability. The statistical population in the qualitative stage of adolescent with high adaptability to the purposeful sampling method and in the quantitative stage of adolescent with low adaptability to the available sampling method has been found, who were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The assessment of the groups in the pre-post-test was done with the career adaptability scale (Savickas & Porfeli, 2012). Also, a phenomenological interview was used to develop the intervention. For data analysis, the Colaizzi method was used in the qualitative part and analysis of variance in the quantitative part was used. The results of the post-test showed that the intervention of enriching the free time of adolescent is effective in increasing the adaptability of the career (p<0.05). Also, the sustainability of this intervention was confirmed in increasing the adaptability in the follow-up. Therefore, recognizing the activities of Rich leisure is essential in improving the quality of life and career of Adolescents.

Behavioral inhibition and activation systems explain changes in a person's mood and behaviors based on contextual factors, and therefore individual differences in sensitivities lead to differences in processing. In addition, rumination as a sustained response style is closely related to the maintenance of major depressive disorder and is an maladaptive pattern of focusing on negative thoughts and feelings. Considering the impact of depression on emotional, physical, and cognitive dimensions, it can cause problems in attention, memory, and cognitive control in affected people, therefore, more research on cognitive control in depressive disorder is needed.

This study aimed to investigate the structural model of inhibition and behavioral activation system and cognitive control and flexibility with adolescent depression with the mediating role of rumination.

This research was fundamental in purpose and a descriptive-correlational study of the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school students in Tehran who are studying in the academic year 2023-2024. The sample consisted of 347 Tehran students selected by cluster sampling. To collect data, the Rumination Questionnaire of Nolen et al. (1991), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale of Zigmond and Snaith (1983), the Inhibition and Behavioral Activation System Questionnaire of Carver et al. (1994), and the Cognitive Control and Flexibility Questionnaire (CCFQ) of Gabrys et al. (2018) were used. To evaluate the proposed model, structural equation modeling and AMOS.24 and SPSS. 27 were used.

The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between behavioral activation system, cognitive control, and flexibility with rumination depression (P< 0.05). The findings indicate that the proposed model is appropriately fit with the data. The results of structural equation modeling showed that in the model, 20% of the variance in rumination drowning is explained by cognitive control flexibility and inhibition and behavioral activation system. Finally, 29% of the variance of depression is explained by cognitive control and flexibility, inhibition, behavioral activation system, and drowning in rumination.

According to these findings, the use of therapeutic interventions that provide the basis for psychological flexibility and cognitive control can help reduce rumination and depressive symptoms.

the goal of this study was to evaluate the Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and quality of life therapy on depression in adolescents. The present study is applied in terms of experimental method in the form of a pre-test design, post-test with the control group and interventio. The research instruments included Beck Depression (1996- BDI-II). For this purpose, 30 students who scored above 20 in the Beck depression test were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Then, the cognitive behavioral test groups received therapeutic interventions in 8 sessions and the quality of life therapy group in 10 sessions. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of analysis of covariance. The findings show that depression has decreased significantly in both experimental groups, but in terms of preference, the superiority of a particular treatment over another was not seen in this study, which means it cannot be said which one is more effective. According to the findings of this research, it can be said that cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on quality of life are useful as effective intervention methods to reduce depression and increase quality of life.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral psychodrama group therapy (CBPGT) on the fear of negative(FNE) and positive evaluation(FPE) and social anxiety in socially anxious Adolescents. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and one-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical include 250 females in ninth grade in Sirjan City in the academic year 2021-22 after screening and initial diagnosis, 24 persons were conveniently selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and the control groups. Before any intervention, a pre-test was taken from groups and then the experimental group received integrated CBPGT for 9 sessions (120 minutes per session) (Treadwell et al,2016) per week. The research tools included the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents(Puklek, 2008), fear of negative evaluation (Leary, 1983), and fear of positive evaluation (Weeks et al., 2008) and The data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and the statistical method of MANCOVA and ANCOVA. The results of Multivariate analysis of covariance demonstrated that after the control of pre-test effects, there was significant difference in the linear combination of fear of negative and positive evaluation and social anxiety of the two groups (Wilks' lambda= 0.048, F= 71/45, P= 0.001). The results of ANCOVA showed a significant decrease in FNE and FPE and social anxiety in the experimental group participants compared to the control group(P≤0/01). The findings of this research provide useful information about the Integrated and counselors and psychologists can use this integrated intervention to improve SAD in adolescents.

Effective approaches to addressing mental health challenges in adolescents require a comprehensive understanding of the factors that contribute to their optimal development, well-being, and resilience. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between social competence and social anxiety in adolescents.
 
This correlational study included 449 adolescents (251 girls and 198 boys) aged 14 to 17 years, selected through a multistage sampling method. Participants completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (Puklek, 2004), the Social Competence Questionnaire (Zhou & Ee, 2012), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003). Structural equation modeling was used to test the causal model of relative mediation.
 
The findings indicated that the proposed model demonstrated a good fit with the data. All path coefficients between the latent variables were statistically significant, explaining 50% of the variance in social anxiety through social competence and emotion regulation.
 
Overall, the results suggest that social competence, as a multidimensional construct encompassing cognitive, emotional, motivational, and behavioral aspects, serves as a protective factor against internalizing problems such as social anxiety in adolescents.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion regulation and time perspective therapies on high-risk behavior in adolescents. The research method was quasi-experimental design (pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group). The statistical population of this study consisted of all male seventh to twelfth grade students in the Gilan-E-Gharb city (N=1050). The statistical sample included 51 adolescents with anxiety symptoms who were replaced in three groups of emotion regulation therapy, time perspective therapy, and control group. Both two experiments were under treatment within 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The Checklist of Risk Behaviours for Youth (CORBY, Armstrong, 2012) was used to collect data. Analysis of variance with repeated measure and Tukey and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that emotion regulation and time perspective therapies were effective in reducing the high-risk behavior (P<0.001); But, there was no meaningful difference between two therapies (P>0.05). Based on the results, emotion regulation and time perspective therapies are recommended to reduce high-risk behavior in adolescents.

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting internet gaming disorder based on emotional ataxia and behavioral brain systems in adolescents. The descriptive research method was correlation type. The socio-statistics of the research included the students of Bojnord city in the academic year 1402-1401. Among these, 320 people were selected according to the entry criteria using a two-stage cluster sampling method. The tools used in this research included behavioral activator and inhibition scale, emotional dyslexia questionnaire and internet gaming disorder questionnaire. Pearson's correlation test and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the dimensions of emotional dyslexia and brain-behavioral systems have a significant correlation with Internet gaming disorder in adolescents. The regression results also indicated that emotional dyslexia, behavioral activation system, and behavioral inhibition system explained 17%, 21%, and 22% of the variance of internet gaming disorder, respectively. Together, these two variables were able to explain 22% of the variance of Internet gaming disorder. Therefore, alexithymia and behavioral brain systems played an important role in predicting adolescent internet gaming disorder; In general, it can be concluded that emotional dyslexia and behavioral brain systems cause symptoms of Internet gaming disorder. The findings of the present research can have practical implications for psychologists in the field of etiology and intervention in Internet gaming disorder sufferers.

Considering the detrimental effects of adolescent aggression on their development, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between family functioning, the quality of interpersonal relationships, and socio-economic status with the level of aggression among high school students. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The participants were 316 high school students from Tabriz during the first semester of the 2015-2016 academic year, selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. They completed the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992), the McMaster Family Assessment Device (1983), the Quality of Relationship Inventory by Pierce et al. (1991), and a researcher-made socio-economic status tool. The data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between the components of family functioning, interpersonal relationships, and the level of adolescent aggression. Family functioning and interpersonal relationship dimensions could predict changes in the level of aggression. However, no significant relationship was found between socio-economic status and the dimensions of adolescent aggression. Since family functioning and interpersonal relationship dimensions can explain the level of adolescent aggression, improving these variables can reduce adolescent aggression.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching schema therapy concepts on cognitive avoidance and ambiguity tolerance in adolescents with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all people with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to counseling and psychology centers in Sanandaj in 1402, based on the purposeful sampling method, 30 people were randomly selected into the experimental group (N=15) and the control group (N=15). were replaced The measurement tools were Yale-Brown's (1989) Yale-Brown's (Y-BOCS-BDD), Cognitive Avoidance (CAQ, 2004), and Tolerance of Ambiguity (IUS) Friston et al. (1994). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes for 4 consecutive weeks (2 sessions each week) and the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical data analysis was done using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results showed that the difference between the pre-test and post-test stages of cognitive avoidance (P<0.001) and follow-up pre-test (P<0.001) was significant. Also, the difference between the pre-test and post-test stages of ambiguity tolerance (P<0.001) and the follow-up pre-test (P<0.001) were significant; which shows the effectiveness of research intervention in these variables; Therefore, by using schema therapy training, it is possible to help reduce cognitive avoidance and increase ambiguity tolerance in adolescents with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.