چاقی

The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness of the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle modification on the Psychological Distress in obese women. The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all women with BMI ≥ 25 referring to nutrition centers in Qazvin city in 2023. 60 participants in the research were selected by voluntary sampling and meeting the entry criteria, and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (30 people). The experimental group received 12 sessions of 2 hours for 4 weeks as a group combined therapy of self-compassion and lifestyle modification. To collect data, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Questionnaire(DASS.21, Lavibond and Lavibond ,1995) were used. Finally, the data were mixed by variance analysis and analyzed with spss-24 software. The results showed that the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle modification reduced stress and depression (P<0.05). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle as a replacement package is effective in reducing psychological distress (stress and depression) in women suffering from obesity.

Obesity is a health, medical and psychological issue that has many economic, social and personal consequences. This research was conducted with the aim of constructing and investigating the validity, reliability and confirmatory factor analysis of the Scale of Information, Motivation and Behavioral skills in women with a body mass index above 25 in the city of Isfahan.This correlational research is of the validation type and the statistical population of the research included women with a body mass index higher than 25 who had visited diet therapy centers, health centers and sports clubs in Isfahan city in 2014-2016.And for the sample size of the present study, 444 women with a body mass index higher than 25 were selected, and the cluster sampling method was used.A researcher-made scale of information, motivation, and behavioral skills was used to collect data.In order to check content validity, experts were consulted, and to measure construct validity and reliability of the scale, confirmatory factor analysis method was used using Amos and SPSS software.In terms of the relative index of content validity, the scale was 0.62 and the content validity index was above 0.70, and the construct validity aspect was also approved by the experts, the fit indices related to the four confirmatory factor analysis models for the four subscales were at a favorable level.The composite reliability of the information, motivation, behavioral skill and health behavior subscales was (CRI=0.89, 0.87, 0.91 and 0.87 ) respectively. Therefore, this scale can be used in research, clinical and therapeutic situations.

Given cultural differences, therapies that prove effective in one context may not be equally effective in others. Therefore, our study aimed to culturally adapt the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix protocol for health behaviors (eating and exercise) in the Iranian population with obesity. The cultural adaptation study was conducted in five stages: Protocol Translation, Information Gathering, Preliminary Adaptation, Preliminary Test, and Final Adaptation. In stage 2, three professionals specializing in third-wave behavior therapy, one nutritionist, and one bodybuilding coach participated. In stage 4, five individuals with obesity were involved, and, in stage 5, seven professionals in third-wave behavior therapy participated. Data were analyzed quantitatively (mean and content validity index) and qualitatively. A protocol consisting of 12 sessions was developed, assigning two sessions to each of the six steps of the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix. The adapted protocol differed from the original protocol in terms of metaphors, exercises, and materials. We added three metaphors: The Compass, the Noticing Muscle, and the Monsters on the Bus. Additionally, Matrix cards were introduced, including Goals & Directions, The Magic Wand, Who Is Important, Important, Stuff That Shows Up, Behavior, Toward Moves, Toward & Away, Surfing The Waves, Am I Important, Choosing My Life, Psychological Flexibility, Noticing Muscle, Practice, Stuck Loops, Monster Tug-Of-War, Don't Think of It, Don't Feel It, The 2 Rules, Dead Person's Goals, Hooks, Catch & Release, Verbal Aikido, U-Turn, Monsters on the Bus, Two Friends, Texting My Future Self. We also included four worksheets: The Compass, Who or What Is Important, Two Friends, and Texting My Future Self. Excluded items were The Hooky Words Game and Sorting Five-Senses and Inner Experience. The Monster Tug-Of-War metaphor was used instead of the Man in The Hole metaphor; for an experiential exploration of controlling thoughts, the term “pink elephant” was used instead of “purple unicorn;” the new version of the Verbal Aikido Worksheet was used instead of the existing one; and the Two Friend metaphor was replaced with the Mother Cat Exercise. Furthermore, a short video about physical aikido was added, and the perspective-taking dialogue shifted from verbal format to writing format. The content validity index for each session in the adapted protocol, as well as for the entire adapted protocol, was excellent. The study provides valuable insights into the use of the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix in the Iranian population with obesity. It underscores the importance of considering cultural nuances during intervention design.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of therapeutic diet combined with exercise and its combined effect with the group emotion focused therapy on night eating syndrome. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all obese people suffering from overeating who referred to the obesity clinic of Sina Hospital in Tehran in 1401. The sample size of the research included 51 people (17 people in each group) who were selected by available sampling method. The research tool included night eating Questionnaire (NEQ). The control group did not receive any intervention, but both research experimental groups received diet therapy intervention with exercise during 12 sessions, and one of the experimental groups received 10 sessions of approximately 2 hours of emotion-focused therapy. Mixed variance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the therapeutic diet group combined with exercise combined with emotion-focused therapy has a significant effect on night eating syndrome (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that the therapeutic diet combined with exercise has no significant effect on night eating syndrome (P<0.05). The results showed that the therapeutic regimen combined with exercise in combination with the emotion-focused therapy is probably a more efficient treatment compared to the therapeutic diet combined with exercise for the treatment of night eating syndrome in obese people with binge eating disorder.

Obesity as an epidemic disease plays an important role in the development of several Psychological disorders in obese people. In the same vein the main purpose of this article is determining the effectiveness of positive -psychotherapy in the reduction of sings of depression and self-steem in obese women. For this aim, a single-case experimental trial of multiple-baseline type was carried out. To conduct the study,4 people with symptoms of depression and low self-esteem were selected from among the applicants who had contacted following an announcement in cyberspace about holding positive psycho therapy sessions to reduce the psychological damage caused by obesity. 3 participants cooperated until the end. First, for each participant, between 2 and4 baseline sessions were held at random. Assessments were performed using the Depression (Goldberg, 1972) and Self-Esteem (Cooper Smith, 1967) Questionnaires of the intervention and follow-up sessions. Data were presented using visual analysis, charting, descriptive statistics index and calculation of recovery percentage. The results showed that positive-psychotherapy was effective in reducing depressive symptoms and increasing self-esteem in obese women. Positive psychotherapy interventions can replace positive thoughts with negative ones in obese people, which can improve depression and increase self-esteem. The results of a three-month follow-up period also showed that positive-psychotherapy for depression was still present while

The present research was aimed to study the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy in cognitive emotion regulation and ego strength among cardiovascular patients with obesity. The method was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and 3-month follow-up with control group design. The statistical population included all cardiovascular patients with obesity in Tehran who referred to Shariati and Rajaei hospitals in 2019-2020. The sampling method was purposive method. Thirty patients were assigned in two groups randomly (15 patients in each group). The experimental group received emotion-focused intevention in 90-minute weekly sessions for eight weeks. The control group were in waitting list. To gather the data, the cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefsk and Kraaij., 2007) and the psychosocial inventory of ego strengths (Markstrom, et al., 1997) questionairs  were implemented. The data were analyzed by SPSS-24 via analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results showed that emotion-focused therapy was effective in increasing positive emotional cognitive regulation (p<0.001) and ego strength (p<0.001). The effectiveness of this treatment in negative emotional cognitive regulation was not significant (p>0.05). The interactive effect of time group for the components of hope (P = 0.170, h2 = 0.018), desire (h2=0.182, P = 0.012), goal (h2 = 0.207, P = 0.005), competence (h2=0.141, P=0.042), loyalty h2=0.296, P = 0.001, F = 6.95), love (h2=0.317, P=0.001), care (h2=0.274, P=0.001) and wisdom (h2=0.190, P=0.011) are significant. The results of the Ben Feroni test comparing the effect of time showed that the difference in the average scores of the eight components of my strength in the pre-test-post-test and pre-test-follow-up stages is statistically significant, but the difference in the average scores in the post-test-follow-up stages is not significant. According to the findings, it could be said that emotion-focused therapy was a reliable and a stable method in order to improving the psychological conditions of cardiovascular patients, especially ego strength and positive emotional cognitive regulation. In explaining the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy in increasing the strength of cardiovascular patients with obesity, it can be said that emotion-oriented therapy is by processing emotional experiences to cardiovascular patients in regulating their emotional functions and in this way achieve more consistent emotional responses that increase resilience and strength. Achieving adaptive emotional responses by modulating emotional responses and coping with disempowering maladaptive emotions increases my resilience in these individuals.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of diet combined with exercise and its combined effect with the group emotion-focused therapy on impulse control of obese people with binge eating disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all obese people suffering from overeating who were referred to the obesity clinic of Sina Hospital in Tehran in 1401. The sample size included 51 people (17 people in each group) selected by available sampling method. The research tool included the Impulsivity Questionnaire (BIQ) by Barrett (1995). The control group did not receive any intervention, but both research experimental groups received a diet combined with exercise during 12 sessions, and one of the experimental groups received 10 sessions of approximately 2 hours of emotion-focused therapy. A mixed variance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the difference between the pre-test and post-test and follow-up of diet combined with exercise in combination with emotion-focused therapy in impulse control (cognitive and lack of planning) is significant (P<0.05), but the difference between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up of the diet therapy group with exercise was not significant in impulse control components (P>0.05). Results showed that emotion-focused therapy is probably a more efficient treatment compared to the diet combined with exercise for the treatment of impulse control in obese people with binge eating disorders.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of schema therapy on eating styles and happy child and healthy adults Modes modes in obese people with binge eating disorder. The design of the current research was semi-experimental with a single case structure of ABA type. The statistical population of the study included obese women suffering from binge eating disorder who referred to a slimming clinic in Tehran in 2014-2016. The study sample consisted of eight obese women according to the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included the Dutch Eating Styles Questionnaire (1986), the Young Schema Modes Questionnaire (2008) and a semi-structured interview. Schema therapy was implemented in form of 20 90-minute group sessions and 4 additional 45-minute individual sessions. The participants were evaluated 3 times in the baseline phase, 10 times in the intervention phase, and 8 weeks after the intervention, they were followed up 4 times every 2 weeks using the measurement tool. In order to analyze the data, the participants' scores were collected individually during the three stages of baseline, ten stages of intervention and four stages of follow-up, and then by using the trend chart and interpreting the ups and downs of the scores. Participants were visually analyzed in different stages of baseline, intervention and follow-up. Then, by using the effect size indices, the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), and the percentage of improvement and the valid change index (RCI), the effectiveness of the treatment was determined. The findings showed that in most of the participants, in the intervention stage compared to the baseline stage the scores of efficient modes; The happy child and healthy adult had an upward and increasing trend. For all the participants, The scores of emotional eating styles all people and external for most of them, and inhibited eating styles also had a downward and decreasing trend. Also, the RCI index scores indicated the stability of schema therapy results in the follow-up phase.

The purpose of this study was to Presenting Structural Model of Emotional Eating in People with Obesity based on self-regulation with the Mediating Role of Emotional processing. The research method is correlation using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all people with obesity in Tehran in 1397, out of whom 378 were selected by stage sampling. Research tools were Emotional Eating Duch's (1986), self-regulation Carey & et al, (2004) and Emotional Processing Bakker et al.'s (2010) Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to answer the research hypotheses. The results showed that there was a direct and negative effect between self-regulation and emotional eating. There is an indirect and positive effect between self-regulation and emotional processing. And there is an indirect and negative effect between emotional processing and emotional eating. Therefore, it can be concluded from the results that self-regulation affects emotional eating with the mediating role of emotional processing in obese people. Therefore, attention to the mentioned variables in the prevention and design of appropriate therapies helps researchers and therapists.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of self-compassion therapy and lifestyle modification on the psychological factors of eating core belief, self-criticism, and weight self-efficacy in obese women. The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women with BMI ≥ 25 who were referred to obesity treatment centers in 2022, and who participated in the study after being called for volunteers. 60 participants in the research were selected using the G Power program and using the purposeful sampling method and having the criteria for entering the research, and then they were randomly assigned to two experimental (30 people) and control (30 people) groups. The experimental group received 12 sessions, three sessions a week, 2-hour combined therapy of self-compassion and lifestyle modification. In order to collect the data, the core belief questionnaires of eating (ECBQ) by Cooper and colleagues (1997), self-criticising (FSCRS) by Gilbert and colleagues (2004), and weight self-efficacy (WSEQ) by Clark and colleagues (1991) were used. Finally, the data was analyzed by mixed variance method. The results showed that the scores of the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test and follow-up stage by receiving the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle modification in the core beliefs of eating and self-criticism were significantly reduced and the self-efficacy scores increased (P<0.05). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the combined treatment of self-compassion and lifestyle modification is effective as a replacement package for modifying core beliefs and self-criticism and increasing weight self-efficacy in obese women.

Obesity is a pervasive problem that can severely impair physical health. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on self-management in obese people.

The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included all patients referred to the counseling and psychological center of the best way in Qazvin in 1398 who were diagnosed with obesity by physicians and nutritionists. Using purposive sampling method, 60 people were selected and randomly assigned to three groups (dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy and control) (20 people in each group). Cognitive-behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy were performed for 10 sessions for the experimental groups and no treatment was performed for the control group. The bariatric surgery self-management questionnaire was completed by the participants in the pre-test, post-test and six-month follow-up stages. Mixed analysis of variance test was used to analyze the data.

Due to the difference between the test stages after performing two interventions of dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, group membership and interaction of stages and groups were significant for self-management (P <0.05). The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy was greater than cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Based on the results of this study, it seems that dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can be effective in increasing self-management in obese people.

Abstract
Cognitive and neuropsychological problems play a special role in the course, prognosis, and treatment of obesity. The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the Cognitive rehabilitation program and its effect on cognitive control and Problem-solving in women with obesity. The present study was conducted in the form of an experimental design with a pretest-posttest with a control group and follow-up. Participants in this study included 40 female obese patients living in Urmia who were randomly assigned to two groups cognitive rehabilitation (n = 20) and control (n = 20). The experimental group received cognitive rehabilitation intervention in 16 sessions and the BRIEF-A, cognitive flexibility test, and London tower in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages for both groups were used and the findings were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance test. Took. Also, after completing the course, the control group received cognitive rehabilitation intervention. The results showed better performance of the experimental group in cognitive control variables (inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) and problem-solving sub-components in the post-test and follow-up stage than the control group. This means that the experimental group that received the cognitive rehabilitation intervention performed better in the proposed components in the post-test and follow-up phase. Taken from the findings, it can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation intervention as an effective and efficient treatment option can have positive effects and significant cognitive-educational consequences for patients with obesity. Therefore, specialists, researchers, and therapists in this field can use this intervention as an effective treatment option to improve the cognitive functions and psychological neuropathy of obese and overweight patients and consequently improve the mental health and quality of life of these patients.

The aim of this study was the compare supportive-offline therapy focused on acceptance and commitment and online group therapy based on acceptance and commitment to weight management self-efficacy in overweight or obese people. This study was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research included all the people who were invited to this study from the acceptance and commitment clinic during the call between March 2021 and May 2021 in the number of 38 people. From the mentioned population, 30 people who met the criteria for entering the research were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 10 people (two experimental groups and one control group). The measurement tool of this study was the weight management self-efficacy questionnaire) WELSQ). In order to analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis was used. The findings showed that in both experience groups, the average scores of the post-test had changed compared to the pre-test(P<0.05). the pairwise comparison of the groups showed that in the subscale of self-efficacy during positive activities, the effectiveness of the supportive-offline therapy was more than the online-group therapy(P<0.05). Regarding other subscales, no significant difference was found between the effectiveness of these two methods(P>0.05). From these findings, it can be concluded that if overweight people do not want to receive face-to-face interventions, non-face-to-face interventions can be used as an alternative solution.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy training on personal values of obese women in Tehran in 1399. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all obese women referred to the nutrition and diet therapy clinic in Tehran, from which 40 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly in an experimental group (20 people in each group) and one The control group (20 people) was assigned. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. The instruments used in the present study included the Personal Values Questionnaire (Schwartz, 2004). Analysis of information obtained from the questionnaire was performed in two parts: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures). The results showed that schema therapy training has an effect on the components of personal values (power value, progress, hedonism, provocation, self-direction, universality, benevolence, tradition, compliance and security) of obese women (P <0.05). The results showed the effectiveness of schema therapy training on personal values in obese women. Therefore, therapists can use this method to promote mental health in women with obesity.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on resilience and emotion regulation in obese women of Amol City.

The present study was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups and pretest-posttest design with one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study was 200 obese women who had referred to one of the psychological centers for psychological treatment. 50 people were purposefully selected as a sample and randomly assigned to two groups of 25 experimental and control. Data were collected using the Connor & Davison (2003) Resilience Questionnaire and the Garnefski & Kraaij (2006) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 90-minute cognitive-behavioral therapy by Wright, Brown, Thase, Basco(2017). Then both groups were evaluated in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up by Resilience and Emotion Regulation questionnaires. Data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed variance analysis in SPSS-21 software.

The results showed the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the Resilience (P=4.37, F = 0.019), emotion regulation (P=0.005, F = 5.92) in the post-test stage and the stability of this effect was in the follow-up stage.

Based on the results, it seems that cognitive-behavioral group therapy is effective in increasing resilience and emotion regulation in women. Therefore, it is recommended that psychotherapists, along with other psychological and social Actions, use this treatment to increase resilience and emotion regulation of obese women..

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on self-control and appearance schema in obese women without a diet.

It was a semi-experimental research design of pre-test-post-test and follow-up type with an unequal control group. The statistical population of this research included women with a body mass index above 30 who referred to the Noor Nutrition and Obesity Treatment Clinic in the city of Ray in the year 2021. The sample size consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were placed in two experimental and control groups. For the experimental group, treatment based on acceptance and commitment was implemented based on the package of Hayes et al. (2006), while the control group did not receive training. The research tools included the self-control scale of Tanjeni et al. (2004) and the appearance schema questionnaire of Kash, Melnik and Harbosky (2004). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance test with repeated measurements in spss software version 26.

The results showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment on self-control (F=24.25, P<0.001) and appearance schema (F=27.13, P<0.001) in the post stages. The test and follow-up has had a significant impact.

The findings of the present study show that treatment based on acceptance and commitment can improve self-control and appearance schema in obese women without a diet.

Inefficient coping styles and concern about body image are among the components that affect obese people with binge-eating disorders and lead to unhealthy eating behaviors. However, deep psychological interventions that focus on these components have received less attention. Considering that schema therapy is an integrated, deep, and effective treatment, the question of the current research is whether this intervention can affect coping styles and body image concerns in obese people with binge-eating disorders.

The purpose of the study was the effectiveness of schema therapy on coping styles and body image concerns in obese people with binge eating disorder.

The design of the current research was semi-experimental with a single-subject structure, including baseline, intervention and follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all obese women suffering from overeating who referred to a slimming clinic in Tehran in 2021-2022. The research sample consisted of eight obese women. The research tools were Young and Rygh's extreme compensation questionnaire (1994), Young and Rygh's avoidance questionnaire (1994), Fairburn’s eating disorder symptoms questionnaire (2008) and semi-structured interview and schema therapy protocol (Simpson, 2018). For data analysis, percentage of non-overlapping data, improvement percentage, valid change index and trend chart were used.

Indicators of improvement percentage, percentage of non-overlapping data, and reliable change index in the avoidance variable for the second, fourth, sixth, seventh, and eighth participants; In the variable of extreme compensation for the fourth, sixth, seventh, and eighth participants and in the variable of physical concerns, all the participants had a significant improvement in the intervention and follow-up stage (they had an RCI higher than 1.96), which indicates The efficacy and stability of schema therapy results.

Considering the effectiveness of schema therapy on extreme avoidance and compensation styles and body image concerns, it is suggested to pay attention to the physical components in the treatment of obese people suffering from overeating, to psychological components such as maladaptive schemas and coping styles arising from them.

Obesity is associated with many comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and various cancers. Moreover, the risk for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease is also increased. In addition, individuals with obesity have significant cognitive deficits, especially in executive functions. Indicatively, obesity and being overweight are estimated to account for nearly 3.4 million deaths per year, which corresponds to the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. In today's society, high-calorie palatable food is abundantly available, and most people have a largely sedentary lifestyle, often leading to an imbalance in energy intake and expenditure. Excess energy is converted into fat, which results in weight gain and obesity. Cognitive and psychological problems play a vital role in the course, prognosis, and treatment of obesity. The present study aimed to design and validate the cognitive rehabilitation program and its effect on attention bias, self-regulation, and food craving in women with obesity.

The present study used a (group: training group vs. control group) between- and within-subjects (time-point: baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up two months later) design to test the effects of the training program on the dependent variables. Participants in this study included 40 female obese patients living in Urmia who were randomly assigned to two groups cognitive rehabilitation (n=20) and control (n=20). The experimental group received cognitive rehabilitation intervention in 16 sessions. The dot-probe task, self-regulating scale, and food craving scale in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages were used for both groups, and the findings were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance test. Notably, after the end of the course, the control group also received cognitive rehabilitation intervention.Measures: The current study used a modified dot-probe task for assessing attention bias. Forty food-related words and 40 neutral words were collected and validated in our previous studies. The trial consisted of four sections separated by one-minute intervals. The same 40 pairs of words were presented in random order in each section. Each trial started with a fixation point presented in the center of the monitor for 500 Ms. A pair of words, one food-related and another neutral were then presented above and below the fixation point (position counterbalanced across trials). Each pair of words were shown, followed by a cue (letter ‘p’ or ‘q’). Participants were asked to press ‘p’ or ‘q,’ which appeared randomly in the location of either the food-related word or neutral word, as quickly as possible. After the participant pressed the key (or following 1500 MS if participants did not respond), the cues disappeared. Each trial was presented four times, and each pair of words randomly appeared in these trials.The Food Cravings Questionnaire–Trait (FCQ–T): Measures the frequency and intensity of food craving experiences in general. The questionnaire has 39 items, and response categories range from 1=never to 6=always. There are no inverted items. Responses to all items are summed up for a total score. Thus, higher scores represent more frequent and intense food cravings. Several subscale scores can also be calculated.Self-Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form: This scale has 16 items, two subscales of changing behavior to achieve remarkable goals, and the factor of obtaining satisfaction and well-being. Subjects answer the questions on a 6-option Likert scale from 1=very weak to 6=very strong, and a higher score in this questionnaire indicates better self-regulation.

 Data Analysis Plan: 

This research conducted a series of two (group: cognitive rehabilitation vs control) x three (time: baseline, post-intervention, follow-up) mixed analyses of variances (ANOVAs), a) with attention bias scores, b) food craving, and c) self-regulation as the dependent variables. Eta squared effect sizes were calculated and reported for ANOVA analyses, with 0.01 considered small, 0.06 considered medium, and 0.14 considered large.

In the first stage of program validation, along with the face validity method, the content validity method was used quantitatively and qualitatively method with a panel of ten experts and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). The minimum and maximum CVRs for each item or component of the program were calculated as 0.85 and 1, respectively. Furthermore, the minimum and maximum CVIs for each item or component of the program were calculated as 0.90 and 1, respectively. Finally, the average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) for the entire program was calculated as 0.95. Similarly, compared to the control group, cognitive rehabilitation significantly reduced attention bias, improved self-regulation, and decreased food cravings at post-intervention and follow-up.

cognitive rehabilitation may be a practical intervention for women with obesity in Iran with cognitive deficits. Therefore, specialists, researchers, and therapists in this field can use this intervention as an effective treatment option to improve the cognitive functions and psychological neuropathy of obese and overweight patients and consequently improve their mental health of these patients.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness training on body image, impulsivity and social adjustment in obese girls in Najafabad city. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test with control group. And the Statistical population, was all the obese girls at the first half of 1397 in Najafabad city . At first, 30 female high school students in grade 1 and 2 with a range of 14 to 18 years old who were considered obese according to the body mass index (BMI) were selected purposefully. Then they were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (each group was 15). Both groups answered to three questionnaires before training: Multidimensional Body Relationships, (Cache, 1990), Barratt impulsivity Inventory,  (Patton, Stanford & Barratt, 1995) and California Social Adaptation Inventory (Thorpe, Clark & Tiegs, 1939). The experimental group underwent mindfulness training (8 sessions; 90 minutes) and after completing the training, the questionnaires were completed by both groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance with SPSS 21 software. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in body image, impulsivity and social adjustment (P <0.01). Also, a comparison of the scores in the post-test scores of the antisocial orientation component showed that the experimental group obtained higher scores than the control group and showed that the experimental group, after training the mindfulness training, in the anti-antithesis component. It has had better social, adaptability and performance. Therefore, Mindfulness training can be effective in improving body image, impulsivity and social adaptability.