addiction

The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on state and trait anxiety and depression symptoms in codependent women who have an addicted spouse.

This applied study employed a semi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population consisted of codependent women with an addicted spouse in the city of Tehran who, in the first quarter of 2024, visited self-help group centers and were selected based on an initial interview to determine eligibility for inclusion in the sample. The research sample included 30 individuals recruited through convenience sampling, who were then randomly assigned into two groups of 15. For data collection, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1983), the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1978), and the codependency questionnaire by Dear and Robert (2000) were utilized. Data were analysed through repeated measures analysis of variance via SPSS-25.

The results of the data analysis indicated that motivational interviewing–based treatment reduced the level of state and trait anxiety in codependent women with an addicted spouse by 0.51 units (p < .01). Furthermore, motivational interviewing–based treatment reduced the level of depression symptoms in these women by 0.26 units (p < .01). Finally, motivational interviewing–based treatment reduced the combined level of state and trait anxiety and depression symptoms by 0.71 units (p <.01).

Findings indicated that applying motivational interviewing significantly decreases state and trait anxiety, as well as depression symptoms, among codependent women with addicted spouses. This intervention can be considered an effective approach to enhancing mental health and improving these individuals’ quality of life, producing beneficial outcomes and diminishing detrimental consequences overall.

The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between social support and craving in recovering addicts. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational, using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the current study consisted of drug addicts who are quitting in Rasht in 2023 that 370 people were selected using a voluntary and available sampling method and responded to the drug craving questionnaire (DCQ, Somoza et al., 1995), self-control scale (SCS, Tangney et al., 2004), and social support scale (SSS, Zimet et al., 1988). The findings showed that the research model has a good fit. Also, social support had a direct, positive and significant effect on self-control and a direct, negative and significant effect on drug craving (p<0.01). Self-control also had a mediating role in the relationship between social support and drug craving (p<0.01). The findings of the research indicate the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between social support and drug addiction and reveal the importance of social support in the direct and indirect prediction of craving.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the reality therapy approach on improving social competence and quality of work life of drug-dependent individuals.

The present study design was a semi-experimental one with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all drug-dependent individuals in Tehran who were addicted to opium and its derivatives and had referred to addiction treatment centers to quit. 30 individuals were selected by simple random sampling method and assigned to an experimental group (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The inclusion criteria for these individuals as sample group individuals included obtaining a score below the cut-off point in the social competence questionnaire (below 100) and quality of work life (below 90), male gender, and no history of severe psychological disorders. The Felner Social Competence Scale (1990) and Walton Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (QWL) were used to collect data. Then, the reality therapy protocol (8 90-minute sessions) was implemented for the experimental group (15 people), but the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The results of data analysis showed that the reality therapy approach has a significant effect on improving the social competence of drug-dependent individuals (sig = 0.013; F = 14.44). The reality therapy approach also has a significant effect on improving the quality of work life of drug-dependent individuals (addiction to opium and its derivatives).

It seems that low social competence and inadequate quality of work life can be factors that predispose and maintain addiction; therefore, emphasis is placed on increasing the quality of work life and promoting social competence through appropriate educational and intervention approaches.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and interpersonal forgiveness with the mediating role of resilience in the spouses of methadone maintenance patients. This descriptive-correlational study was of the structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of this study was the spouses of people undergoing methadone maintenance treatment in the city of Rodsar in 2023. 219 people participated in this study using the available method, and they used the self-report questionnaire of spiritual intelligence (SISRI; King, 2008), the interpersonal forgiveness scale (IFS; Ehtsham Zadeh et al., 2019), and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Connor and Davidson, 2023) And in total of 219 questionnaires were analyzable. The data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling method. The findings of the research showed that the proposed model was a good fit. The results showed that the direct effects of spiritual intelligence on interpersonal forgiveness, spiritual intelligence on resilience, and resilience on interpersonal kindness were significant. (P<0.05). The results of Bootstrap showed resilience played a mediating role in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and interpersonal agreeableness (P<0.05). The results indicate that spiritual intelligence has a direct and mediating role in resilience in increasing interpersonal forgiveness.

The present study was conducted to examine group solution-focused couple therapy on the compatibility, intimacy, and quality of life of women with addicted spouses admitted to addiction treatment camps. The present study was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test design with the control group. The statistical population of the study was made up of all women with addicted husbands in Rafsanjan city spring and summer of 2023. From this statistical population, 30 people were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The tools this research included Walker and Thompson's  Marital Intimacy Scale (1983) (MIS), Spanier's Marital Adjustment Scale (1976) (DAS), and Busby et al.'s (1995) Marital Quality of Life Scale (RADS). The experimental group participated in a solution-oriented group couple therapy program for 8 sessions, 3 sessions per week and each session lasted 90 minutes. The data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis. The findings showed that with the control of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the mean of the post-test compatibility, intimacy and quality of married life of women with addicted spouses admitted to the addiction treatment camp at the level (P<0.001). According to the findings, it can be stated that solution-oriented group couple therapy can be suitable approach to increase marital intimacy and compatibility, and as result of these factors, it can improve the quality of married life in addicts and their spouses.

 Substance use disorders are characterized by a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems. Given the high likelihood of relapse, addiction is considered a chronic relapsing disorder, and relapse among individuals in recovery is a significant concern. One factor that can play a significant role in preventing relapse and enhancing coping abilities is quit addiction self-efficacy. Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to abstain from substance use and improve their quality of life. Individuals with high self-efficacy are more likely to cope with life challenges and less likely to relapse. Among the factors influencing addiction recovery self-efficacy, sexual satisfaction and sexual problems are noteworthy. Sexual dissatisfaction among individuals with substance use disorders can lead to marital problems and decreased sexual desire. Research has shown that substance use negatively impacts sexual functioning, and sexual problems are a significant reason for relapse. These problems can further reduce quit addiction self-efficacy and non-adherence to treatment in married individuals with substance use disorders. Therefore, sexual satisfaction and sexual problems may play a crucial role in predicting quit addiction self-efficacy among married individuals with substance use disorders. Given the limited research. in this area, the present study aims to investigate the role of psychological sexual problems and sexual satisfaction in predicting quit addiction self-efficacy among married men with substance use disorders in Markazi Province. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of psychosexual problems and sexual satisfaction in predicting quit addiction self-efficacy in Central Province. The statistical population of the study included all opiate addicted men who referred to Markazi province addiction treatment camps, and 377 married addicts were selected using convenience sampling using the Cochran sample size estimation formula. In order to measure the research variables, Snell,Fisher and Walters’ Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire (1993), Bramson’s quit addiction self-efficacy questionnaire (1999) and Larson (1998) sexual satisfaction questionnaires were used. Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between sexual satisfaction, internal sexual control and quit addiction self-efficacy, and there is a significant negative relationship between sexual anxiety, Sexual Self-Monitoring, sexual depression and sexual assertiveness and quit addiction self-efficacy in addicts. The results of regression analysis showed that 24% of the variance of quit addiction self-efficacy in addicts can be predicted based on internal sexual control, sexual satisfaction, sexual depression positively and sexual anxiety, sexual assertiveness and sexual monitoring negatively. Marital sexual satisfaction, sexual esteem, sexual preoccupation, sexual consciousness, sexual motivation, external sexual control and fear of sexual relationships could not. This study aimed to investigate the role of psychological dimensions of sexual problems and sexual satisfaction in predicting addiction recovery self-efficacy. Results indicated that internal sexual control, sexual satisfaction, and sexual depression positively predicted quit addiction self-efficacy, while sexual anxiety, sexual assertiveness, and sexual self-monitoring negatively predicted it. In this research, increased sexual satisfaction and internal sexual control led to higher self-efficacy for quitting addiction, whereas sexual anxiety and sexual self-monitoring resulted in lower self-efficacy. Additionally, variables such as marital sexual satisfaction, sexual esteem, sexual preoccupation, and fear of sexual intimacy were unable to predict quit addiction self-efficacy. This research emphasizes the importance of sex education and therapeutic interventions for sexual problems in addiction treatment centers and suggests conducting similar studies in other provinces with larger samples. Limitations of the study include its cross-sectional design, the use of self-report questionnaires, cultural challenges in reporting sexual issues, and the limited sample to married men attending addiction treatment centers in Markazi Province.

The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of integrated behavioral couple therapy and Gutman couple therapy on the marital frustration of women with spouses involved in addiction. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all women with addicted husbands who were referred to Ahvaz welfare in 2022. Finally, using targeted sampling, 45 people qualified to enter the research, were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The data collection tool was the Marital Frustration Scale (CBM, Pines, 1996). Combined behavioral couple therapy and Gutman couple therapy interventions were performed on the experimental groups in the form of 10 sessions of 90 minutes in a group and weekly manner. Data were analyzed using variance with repeated measures. Found showed that combined behavioral couple therapy and Gutman couple therapy reduced marital frustration compared to the control group (p<0.001) and this effect continued in the follow-up phase. Also, there was no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of combined behavioral couple therapy and Guttman couple therapy on marital frustration (P<0.001). Based on this, the use of both treatment approaches will be effective in improving the marital frustration of women with a spouse involved in addiction.

The present research aimed to develop and Feasibility of a comprehensive educational package based on third-wave treatments on Emotion Regulation and Withdrawal Symptoms in people undergoing addiction treatment in Chadormello mine. The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test Design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included people undergoing addiction treatment working in Chadormello Ardakan industrial in 1401. The research sample consisted of 30 of these people who were selected by purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The tools of this research included the standard questionnaire of withdrawal symptoms (COWS, 1990) and the Emotion Regulation Questioner (ERQ, 2003). The experimental group received 10 sessions of a comprehensive training package based on third-wave treatments, but the control group remained on the waiting list. The data were analyzed by Multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the prepared educational package Increased the ability to regulate emotions (P<0.001) in patients of the experimental group compared to the control group, but it had no significant effect on withdrawal symptoms (P<0.08). Considering the effectiveness of third-wave treatments in reducing the problems of patients treated with methadone, it is suggested that these treatments be used as a complementary program alongside drug treatments to improve the emotion regulation skills of patients in special addiction treatment centers.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of pain acceptance and self-efficacy in the relationship between the tendency to addiction and difficulty in emotion regulation in patients with cancer. The current research was descriptive-correlation based on path analysis. The statistical population included all the cancer patients of Arak City in 2019-2020, out of which 215 people were selected by purposive sampling. The patients completed a battery of questionnaires including Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS, Gratzz & Roemer, 2004), Chronic  Pain Acceptance Questionaire (CPAQ, Aclestoon & Carken, 2004), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionaire (PSEQ, Nicholas, 2007) and Tendency to Addiction Questionaire (TAQ, Weed & Yacher, 1992). Data were analyzed by path analysis. Path analysis results showed that pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy had a direct and negative impact on addiction tendency (P< 0.01).  Difficulties in emotion regulation have a positive and indirect with addiction via pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy (P < 0.01). Fit indices also indicated approval of the suggested model. This suggests that pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy play a mediating role in the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and the tendency to addiction.

Adolescents are heavily influenced by social and cultural changes that are exposed to harmful environmental stimuli such as addictive; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the causal model of adolescent vulnerability to addiction based on the sensitivity of sensory processing and brain-behavioral systems with the mediation of childhood trauma in the city of Mashhad. The present study was a descriptive correlation in terms of its practical purpose and the method of data collection. The statistical population of the research was all secondary school students of the second year of Mashhad in the academic year of 1402-1401. 228 students were selected by cluster sampling method. In order to collect data, Enisi's questionnaires for identifying people at risk of addiction, Aron's and Aron's sensory processing sensitivity, Carver's and White's brain-behavioral systems, and Bernstein et al.'s trauma questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method and SPSS27 and Lisrel8.8 software. The results of the research showed that the sensitivity variables of sensory processing and behavioral brain systems have a direct and significant effect on vulnerability to addiction. The results related to the fit indices of the model also showed that childhood trauma can mediate the sensitivity of sensory processing and behavioral brain systems with vulnerability to addiction.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of SPACE software on reducing addiction and cell phone dependence in young people. A 25-year-old person with cell phone addiction and dependence was identified by a mobile phone addiction questionnaire (2014). Subjects were intervened with SPACE software for 12 sessions using a single subject research design (ABA) and then followed up for three weeks after the intervention. Finally, the data obtained in the baseline, intervention and follow-up stages were analyzed using visual diagram analysis, percentage of overlapping data (PAND), effect size and recovery percentage. The results showed that using SPACE software reduces addiction and cell phone dependence.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive empowerment of mental states on the mind reading ability of substance dependent people. The current study was a quasi-experimental type with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. 30 drug addicts with the same conditions in terms of age, education, occupation, etc. were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The participants responded to the eye reading test (Baron-Cohen test) in the pretest and posttest. The experimental group was subjected to the intervention of the cognitive empowerment program (Terme program) and the control group did not receive any intervention. The results of covariance analysis showed that cognitive empowerment (Terme program) is effective on the ability to read minds (theory of mind) in drug dependent people. In fact, the Terme program has improved the ability to read minds through the eyes in drug dependent people. Based on the results of the present research, it is possible to use the cognitive empowerment program (Terme program) in the ability to read minds through the eyes for drug dependent people.