cognitive hypnotherapy

Every year around the world, natural disasters lead to the death, disability and financial damage of many people and governments. So far, the focus of health systems has been on reducing the physical consequences of disasters. However, these incidents are a source of great stress for the survivors of the accident and have serious and long-lasting psychological consequences. Experiencing such an event leads to a wide range of disorders including symptoms of anxiety, neuroticism, depression and psychosomatic. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive hypnotherapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on reducing anxiety and autobiographical memory of flood-affected women in Poldokhtar.

The research was applied and quasi-experimental with a four-group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included all middle-aged women in the flooded city of Poldokhtar in Lorestan province who had referred to health and psychological centers during the first two months of 2019. Among them, 60 people who had the highest rate of post-traumatic stress disorder were in three experimental groups (N = 45; Mage = 42.02, SD = 7.03) and one control group (N = 15; Mage = 41.50, SD = 7.91) were assigned by accident. The measurement tools included Williams and Broadbent (1986) autobiographical memory test and Beck and Esther (1990) anxiety scale. Statistical data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance, Bonferroni post hoc test and L-Matrix test.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that all three interventions of cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive hypnotherapy and EMDR were effective in reducing anxiety and increasing autobiographical memory of positive words compared to the control group (p <0.01). In addition, No interventions were performed on women's anxiety. The results also showed that patients were introduced to anxiety symptoms and the course of PTSD during cognitive-behavioral interventions and received training related to anxiety management, sedation, guided imagery, cognition of misconceptions, and cognitive distortions.

Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy followed by cognitive-behavioral therapy and EMDR have a favorable effect on reducing anxiety and increasing the autobiographical memory of positive words in flood-affected women. However, the results of the present study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy were more effective than EMDR interventions. Among the reasons for this finding are the problem of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder in avoiding unpleasant emotions, using ineffective problem-solving strategies and interpersonal relationships.

Natural events such as floods are one of the direct experiences of traumatic events that can cause psychological disorders and require psychological interventions. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to determine and compare effective interventions to reduce the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.

To compare the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy with hypnotherapy and desensitization through eye movements and reprocessing to reduce the symptoms of traumatic stress disorder in flooded women.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with four groups pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population consisted of all middle-aged women in thirteen middle-aged cities of Lorestan province in 1398. 100 subjects were selected by random sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental (3 groups of 20) and control (one group of 20). Research instruments are: Shapiro (2001), Eye Movement and Reprocessing (EMDR) Intervention Hypotheses, Cognitive Hypnotherapy Intervention Sessions (Aladdin, Aragbi et al., 2015) and Moghtadar, Hassanzadeh, Mirzaiian 1395), Ehlers & Clark (2000) and Ehlers et al. (2005) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Plan, and Horowitz et al. (1987) Event Impact Scale (IES-R). Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test.

Three methods of cognitive behavioral intervention, cognitive hypnotherapy and EMDR had significant effect on reducing post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0/01). Cognitive-behavioral therapy had more effect than EMDR on reducing post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0/01).

Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling and chronic disease of the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of symptoms incuding muscle movement, balance and vision and leading to psychlogical disorders such as anxiety, depression and stress which have important consequences on lives of patints. But whether cognitive hypnotherapycould reduce the perceived stress and improve life quality of these patients?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive hypnotherapy on reduction of perceived stress of patients with MS.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre, post and 2 months follow up test design with control group. The statistical population included 236 patients with replacing-remitting MS referred to a neurologist private clinic within period of January to June in the city of Tehran in 2018. Hence 30 patients among the statistical population were selected through convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, then placed randomly into two equal experimental and control groups. Perceived stress of participants of both groups was measured by Cohen perceived stress scale (Cohen & et. al, 1983) in 3 stages of pre, post and follow up tests. Individualized treatment based on protocol of effectiveness of cognitive hypnotherapy on reduction of perceived stress of patients with MS (established by reearcher, 2018) was done for experimental group in eight weekly 1 hour sessions. Data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive and inferential.

The results showed that cognitive hypnotherapy significantly reduced the mean scores of positive, negative and total perceived stresses of experimental group(P<0/01).

Based on the results, cognitive hypnotherapy intervention is an effective method for stable reduction of the perceived stress in patients with multiple sclerosis.

In spite of remarkable advances in medical science, cancer has remained one of the most important disease of this century and the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that breast cancer is the most common type among women. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Hypnotherapy on Intrusive thoughts, Avoidance, Hyper-Arousal and Pain Severity in women with breast cancer. This study is based on multiple-base-line single case studies. In this way 3 women with breast cancer in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected who were referred to Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital and participated in 10 sessions of Cognitive Hypnotherapy. The data were assigned into the Impact of Event Scale and Pain Severity Visual Scale was administered at pre-treatment, the 5th session, post-treatment, and 2-month follow-up. The data was analyzed using mean comparison and visual analysis. Data analysis indicated that Cognitive Hypnotherapy is associated with significant reductions on Intrusive thoughts, Avoidance, Hyper-Arousal and Pain Severity in women with breast cancer. Cognitive Hypnotherapy has a moderate effect on improving intrusive thoughts, Avoidance, Hyper-Arousal, and has been effective in reducing Pain Severity. This therapeutic changes also occurred during the two-month follow-up.

The purpose of this study is examining the effectiveness of cognitive hypnotherapy on elderly trust to God and calmness feeling. In a pilot study conducted in the Mashhad Elderly Day Rehabilitation Clinic some 18 patients were selected using purposive sampling and assigned into two groups as experimental and control groups. They were asked to answer P.P.S. questionnaire before and after the intervention. In the intervention period, the experimental group received cognitive hypnotherapy for 6 sessions with the control group having no special treatment. The data were obtained from covariance statistical test and were analyzed using SPSS 19 software. Statistical analysis of two groups at post-test, demonstrated significant differences in variables of trust to God and calmness feeling in two groups in level of (P <0.05). In other words, elderly tended to be significantly positive and thus the psychological component emerged. The cognitive hypnotherapy is useful on elderly trust to God and calmness feeling.