externalized

The prevalence of Internalized and Externalized disorders in Adolescents is on of the serious threats to mental health in the world. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the causal model of The Internalized and Externalized disorders in Adolescents Based on Impulsivity with the Mediating Role of Adaptive and Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. The statistical population of the research was made up of all male and female students of the second year of high school in Andimshek city, out of which 326 were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. were selected as samples. The tools used in this research included the youth self-report scale (Aschenbach and Rescorella, 2001), the impulsivity (Patton et al, 1995), and the Cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski et al, 2001). To analyze the data, the method of structural equation with intermediary relation was used with Amos/18 software. The findings showed that for both indirect paths of impulsivity on internalized disorders through adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation are not significant and reject (p>0/05). Also, the two indirect paths of impulsivity on externalized disorders adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation are significant and confirmed (p<0/05). Based on the research findings, adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation can play mediating role on relationship between impulsivity and internalized and externalized disorders of adolescents. The evaluated model has a favorable fit and is an important step toward identifying the effective factors in internalized and externalized disorders of adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to comparing effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on externalized and internalized shame in people with social anxiety disorder. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. The statistical population of the present study was all patients with social anxiety disorder in Tehran city in winter year 2024. In the first stage, the number of 45 patients with a score of 19 and above on the social anxiety disorder scale was selected and then randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (each group 15 people) and one control group (15 people) were replaced and experimental groups underwent emotion-focused therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data social anxiety inventory (SPIN) of Connor and et al (2000), the other as shamer scale (AOS) of Goss and et al (1994) and internalized shame scale (ISS) of Cook and et al (1988).  Data analysis was performed using SPSS-28 software with analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni. The results of the study showed that of both interventions had a significant effect on externalized and internalized shame in people with social anxiety disorder (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that emotion-focused therapy is more effective (P<0.05). It can be concluded that that, in addition effectiveness of both treatments, the priority of use in the treatment of problems patients with social anxiety disorder is with emotion-focused therapy.

The present research aimed to investigate the mediation role of family function in the relationship of personality dimensions of temperament and character with adolescents internalized and externalized problems. The current research method was correlational studies. The statistical population consisted of all male and female students of the second grade of high school in Andimshek city, Iran, during 2020-2021 academic year, out of which 326 people (165 girls and 161 boys) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, the youth self-report scale (Achenbach and Rescorella), the temperament and character inventory (Cloninger et al.), and the family assessment device (Epstein et al.) were used. Structural equation methods were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the effect of temperament and character on internalized and externalized problems were confirmed through family function. It can be concluded that the family function played a mediation role in relationship to the temperament and character and internalized and externalized problems of adolescents, so it is recommended that psychologists, through training and interventions, improve family function by moderating personality dimensions to prevent, reduce, and improve the adolescents' internalized/externalized problems.

The type of parenting style can play as a vital role in both internalized and externalized problems. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of proactive parenting and positive parenting therapies on externalized and internalized problems of children.

The method of this study has been quasi-experimental, pretest and posttest design alongside a control group. The statistical population of the study included most parents with their elementary school students in Shiraz who had referred to counseling clinics due to psychological problems during the autumn 2020. The statistical sample were 45 mothers with their children who were divided into three groups of 15 people through a convenience sampling method. Two of these groups were experimental and one was assigned as a control group. In order to collect data, Child symptom inventory-4 (CSI-4) checklists by Sprafkin and Gadou as well as Conners behavior problems questionnaire related to parents were applied.

The results of the analysis of covariance indicated that the effect of proactive parenting therapy on internalized problems [P = 0.001, F (26-1) = 68.15] and externalized problems [P = 0.001, F = (26-1) =44.04] of children was meaningful and significant.

Proactive parenting style is mostly relied on reactions. This provides the chance for the active presence of parents instead of being merely the observers of the events.

The results indicated that these therapies can enable parents to apply approaches to deal with children internalized and externalized problems.