factorial structure

The research aimed to validate the Iranian version of the mood rhythm. The statistical population was all the students of Urmia University in 2022. The sample size in the present study was 340 people and they were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In this way, 10 faculties were randomly selected among the faculties of Urmia universities. Then, 34 students were randomly selected from each faculty and completed the Revised Mood Rhythm Instrument (MRhI; De Oliveira et al., 2021 The analysis method of this research was factor analysis. Investigating construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale has a three-factor structure including cognitive, physical, and emotional. It has favorable fit indices (CFI=0.926, GFI=0.919, RMSEA=0.061, p < 0.001) for reliability using Koder Richardson's method for physical factor 0.79, cognitive factor 0.76, the emotional factor was 0.73 and the total number of questions was 0.82 (p < 0.001), which indicates the acceptable reliability of the mood rhythm instrument. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that this instrument has adequate validity and reliability in Iranian society and can be used to measure and screen circadian cycle disorders and for research and treatment purposes.

One of the important variables in relation to parents with autistic children is savoring beliefs. savoring beliefs are considered as components of mental health and have a direct correlation and relationship with psychological well-being. Researches show that parents of autistic children are exposed to all kinds of physical and mental injuries, for this reason, identifying, growing and expanding favorable beliefs to prevent injuries and improve mental health in this group of parents seems necessary. In Iran, so far, no valid tool has been reported to measure savoring beliefs in parents of children with autism.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the factor structure of the savoring beliefs questionnaire among parents of children with autism.

The method of the present research was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of the nature of the data. The statistical population of the research included all parents with autistic children in schools and autism associations in the cities of Tehran, Karaj, Shahriar and Hashtgerd in 2022. The sampling method was accessible of targeted type and the statistical sample of the research included 321 people (248 women and 73 men) from parents of children with autism. To collect information, the questionnaire of savoring beliefs (Bryant, 2003) and psychological well-being (Ryff, 1980) were used. Data analysis was also done with confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient using SPSS25 and AMOS24 software.

The results of the present study showed that each of the items in the questionnaire has the necessary power to measure the components of savoring beliefs (anticipation, enjoying the moment and remembering) and each of the components has an acceptable power to measure the general factor of savoring beliefs. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the three components of prediction, enjoyment of the moment and recall in the savoring beliefs questionnaire were calculated as 0.89, 0.91 and 0.84, respectively. Based on this, it can be said that the items of each of the components of the savoring beliefs questionnaire have an acceptable internal consistency.

According to the findings, it seems that the Iranian version of the savoring beliefs questionnaire is a valid scale for measuring attitudes regarding the ability to enjoy positive experiences, whether in anticipation, enjoyment of the moment, or recall. Also, this questionnaire has suitable psychometric properties for use in research activities and clinical work.

Social comparisons are an essential source of information about the self.  This research aimed to evaluate the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the social comparisons orientation scale. 211 high school students of Noshahr City in 2015-2016 academic year were selected by cluster randomized sampling method. They completed the Persian version of social comparisons orientation scale and self-efficacy and optimism subscales of psychological capital scale. To analyze the data, Cornbrash’s alpha coefficient, correlation coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Primary Scale Reliability that calculate through Cronbach's alpha coefficients was 0/71. Ability and opinion factors were extracted as using principal components analysis method and Varimax rotation. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of ability factor, opinion factory, and Persian version of social comparisons orientation scale were found to be 0/72, 0/80, and 0/80 respectively, which were statistically significant. The scale validity was confirmed by using criterion and construct validity. Results of exploratory factor analysis supported the factorial structure of two-factor model. According to the results, it can be concluded that this scale has a good validity and reliability for Iranian samples and can be used in future studies related to social comparison.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factorial structure of the existential scale in order to prepare a tool for therapists and researchers.
500 teachersworking in Tehran schools participated in the current study and were given Existence Scale and General Health Questionnaire in order to determine the validity and reliability of Existence Scale. The method of sampling was one-stage cluster sampling.General Health Questionnaire was used to assess the criteria validity and also in order to assess test-retest reliability, with two- week interval, existence scale were administered randomly again to 10% on sample population (n=50).
Result showed the correlation between existence scale andGHQ was significantly negative (criteria validity). Factor analysis revealed 4 factors with an eigenvalue greater than 1.6, and 8 items were omitted due to weak factor load. Confirmatory factor analysisalso showed the fitness of the 4 factor model. The study of internal consistency of existence scale showed that the Cronbach alphacoefficient was high (0/85) and test-retest reliability coefficient after two weeks was 0/88.
Existence scale is a valid and reliable test in Iranian teacher’s population and it can be used as a tool for measuring of existence componentsin research and clinical practice.

The objective of this study investigated factorial structure for the coping self-efficacy scale (CSE) among Iranian students.

This study was Descriptive research. The sample was consisted of 250 graduate student  of payam noor university, who were selected through selected randomly sampling. For data analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, t-test for independent groups and Pearson correlation was used.

The exploratory factor analysis, three factors were extracted by 61/84 of the common variance explained scores. Confirmatory factor analysis of the three-factor structure of coping self-efficacy scale used in the sample gives support. The scale also showed a positive correlation with general self-efficacy scale. the Cronbach alpha as 0.63-0.91 of CSE factors was estimated and it was acceptable.

 The results showed that the scale of Iranian students, the three-factor structure and has good reliability and validity. So, coping self-efficacy scale can be used in Iranian samples.

Object relations have A key role in psychoanalytic approach. Thus providing a persian version of a scale to assess object relations is helpful for elaborating empirical studies in this approach. the  aim  of  the present study is  to  investigate  validity,  reliability,  and factorial  structure  of  the Persian  version  of  the Bell object relations inventory (BORI).  convenience sampling is used  to  select 558 students  from the university of Tehran. First, by the method of  translation- back  translation, the  Persian  version  of  BORI is prepared. then BORI and defense mechanism questionnaire (DSQ) are completed by the sample. Data analysis  is  performed  by  using  of  Pearson correlation coefficients, parallel, and exploratory  factorial  analysis. Factorial  analyses show  four  factors named egocentricity, alienation, insecure attachment, and social incompetence. Cronbach Alpha  and split-half coefficients  are 66/0-77/0 and 60/0-77/0, respectively. significant correlations between object relations and defense mechanisms shows convergent and divergent validity of BORI. Accordingly, the reliability and construct validity of the Persian  version  of BORI are confirmed. Therefore, BORI for psychological research among Iranian samples is suitable.

This study has been conducted with the intention of studying the factorial structure and normalization of Children’s Test Anxiety Scale in Iranian students of primary schools in Tehran. The sample of this study included 416 students (216 girls and 210 boys) of third to fifth grades students of Tehran primary schools that were selected through multiple stage clusters randomized sampling method. They completed Persian form of Children’s Test Anxiety Scale. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and independent T test. The results showed that Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85 for the whole scale. Based on the factor analysis of this scale using the principal components analysis (Varimax rotation) three factors were extracted: worrisome thoughts, off-task behaviors and autonomic reactions. Result of confirmatory factor analysis showed that three factor models seem to provide a satisfactory and parsimonious fit to the data in the present study. Considering the Appropriate factor structure of the Children’s Test Anxiety Scale, this scale can be used for the measurement of the degree of test anxiety in Iranian primary school students.

This study aimed to examine the factorial structure of Seattle Personality Questionnaire for Young School-Aged Children through confirmatory factor analysis. In this research, the data gathered by Ghasemi (2014) in the City of Delijan was used. The sample included primary school students (200 boys and 140 girls) who were selected via random multi-stage stratified sampling. The method of weighted least squares was used to estimate parameters and assess the model’s goodness of fit. Moreover, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), Tucker-Lewis index, Goodness of Fit Index, and adjusted goodness of Fit Index were utilized to assess the model’s goodness of fit. Results showed that the model was suited to the data-set. This finding provided further evidence on the internal validity of Seattle Personality Questionnaire for Young School-Aged Children. Furthermore, it was shown that factorial structure of the questionnaire had desirable goodness of fit for primary school students of the City of Delijan. Accordingly, the above-mentioned questionnaire can be utilized as a valid tool to assess children’s personality in populations with similar qualities.

Everyday functioning is an important outcome for studies of the developmental psychopathology of adolescence. An unbiased, well-validated, and easy-to-use instrument to specifically assess normal adolescent functioning is not yet available. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate factorial structure of Farsi version of the Multidimensional Adolescent Functioning Scale. 479 adolescences (234 boys and 245 girls), who were selected through multistage sampling, completed the Multidimensional Adolescent Functioning Scale. The confirmatory factor analysis method was used to compute the MAFS factorial validity. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the hypothesized 3-factor structure consisted on general functioning, family related functioning and peer related functioning fits well to the MAFS data. Internal consistency for the MAFS scales was good. In conclusion, the MAFS is instrument with good psychometric properties, which could be suitable for a broad range of future research application, especially when a multidimensional and unbiased indication of normal adolescent functioning is required.

Career dysfunctional thoughts can affect all aspects of the occupational life and explain many of the career problems at both individual and organizational levels. Considering this, Sampson, et al (1996) developed The Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI). With regard to the importance of the assessment of these thoughts in vocational counseling and organizational efficiency, and due to the lack of an appropriate instrument for the assessment of these thoughts in Iranian population, the current research aimed to standardize the mentioned instrument for Iranian population and estimate its reliability. For this purpose, 465 men and women were selected among the employees of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences via cluster sampling and completed this inventory. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis using principal components analysis method. Results showed that the instrument has consisted of 4 major factors and has an excellent reliability (above 0.9) after the elimination of irrelevant items.

The aim of this research was to evaluate validity and reliability of one and two factorial structure of Rosenberg self-esteem scale in students. The statistical population of this research consisted of all students in Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz city, from which 660 subjects were selected with multi–ph University of Sistan and Baluchestan asic random sampling. And more over, effect of item wording and response bias set were planned to be investigated on factorial structure of Rosenberg self-esteem scale. With regard to the aims of this research, three different questionnaires with different item wording (all items positive, all items negative and half positive and half negative) were distributed randomly to subjects. Among the samples, 218 students positively, 214 students negatively and 209 students half positively and half negatively replied to the questionnaire. The results of structural equation modeling (three separate confirmatory factor analysis) which was carried out with AMOS 16, showed a good fitness only in form of half positive and half negative item wording. No fitness was found in any other forms of the scale. Therefore, two factorial structure of this scale in this research was consistent with some studies.