personality traits

The present study aimed to evaluate the structural model of social media addiction prediction based on personality traits and the mediating role of self-regulation among university students. The statistical population consisted of students from one of the branches of Islamic Azad University in Tehran Province. Using a multistage random cluster sampling method, 439 participants were selected. Data were collected through the Mobile-Based Social Network Addiction Questionnaire (Khajeh Ahmadi et al., 2016), the Big Five Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1989), and the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Carey et al., 2004). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied for data analysis. The results demonstrated that the proposed structural model had an acceptable fit with the data. Findings indicated that personality traits were significantly associated with social media addiction both directly and indirectly via self-regulation. Specifically, self-regulation negatively mediated the relationship between conscientiousness and openness to experience with social media addiction, and positively mediated the relationship between neuroticism and social media addiction. These results underscore the importance of self-regulation training and social media usage management in reducing addiction to virtual social networks.

The aim of the current research was to monitor the role of job security and personality traits in improving organizational voice, emphasizing the role of positive thinking among employees. The research method is descriptive-correlative in nature and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research is made up of 277 employees of the General Department of Education of Gilan Province. The sample size of 161 people was determined using the Karjesi and Morgan table and the samples were selected by simple random sampling method. To collect data from the standard occupational security questionnaires of Nisi et al. Ingram and Wisnicki (1988) and five neo personality factors were used, whose validity was confirmed by the supervisor and academic experts, and their reliability was also confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient test. In order to analyze the data, structural equation technique was used using Lisrel statistical software and Spss-26 statistical software. The research results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the job security of employees and their positive thinking and organizational voice. There is a positive and meaningful relationship between the personality traits of employees and their positive thinking and organizational voice. There is a positive and significant relationship between employees' positivity and their organizational voice. Another part of the research results showed that finally there is a significant relationship between job security and personality traits with an organizational tone emphasizing the role of positive thinking of employees. Therefore, it is suggested that this research method be used in future studies.

The purpose of the present study is a descriptive study of personality traits and character dimensions with justification of extramarital relationships mediated by the use of virtual social networks in counseling clients in Miandoab city. This study is descriptive in terms of purpose and was conducted as a survey. The sampling method was convenience sampling, with the total population of Miandoab city being 130,000 people, which was calculated and obtained as 384 people using the Cochran formula. The data collection tool was the Cloninger Personality and Character Questionnaire, Justification of Extramarital Relationships, and researcher-made questionnaire.  The results of the Spearman correlation test show that there is an inverse correlation between the two variables of personality nature and justification of extramarital affairs. the intensity of the correlation between the two variables is weak and inverse. Data analysis using Spearman correlation shows that the dimensions of personality nature and character are simultaneously justifiable on extramarital affairs, and the use of virtual social networks increases this issue, and the independent variables (components of self-direction, perseverance, cooperation, and dependency reward), the use of virtual social networks, the nature dimension, and the character dimension have the greatest reinforcing effect against the independent variables (components of vulnerability, novelty seeking, self-processing), and the dimensions of nature and character have a simultaneously weakening effect on the justification of extramarital affairs. That is, strengthening them leads to weakening the justification of extramarital affairs.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between personality traits and the tendency to addiction with the mediation of emotion regulation in Yazd University students.

The study employed descriptive-correlational methodology. The population included all students of Yazd University in the first half of the 1401–1402 academic year, from whom 210 people were selected through available sampling method. Data was collected using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001), Five Personality Factors NEO short form (1992), and Addiction Tendency (1992). The data were analyzed through path analysis using SPSS software (version 25) and PLS version 3.

The proposed model had a good fit. The findings indicated that the direct effect of neurotic personality traits on addiction tendency (ρ=0.00, β=0.30) was positive and significant, while the direct effects of extraverted personality traits (ρ=0.00, β=-0.32) and conscientiousness (ρ=0.00, β=-0.24) on addiction tendency were negative and significant. However, no significant direct effect was found between the agreeableness personality trait (ρ=0.09, β=-0.11) and addiction tendency. Additionally, the direct effect of neuroticism on maladaptive strategies (ρ=0.00, β=0.47) and the direct effects of extraversion (ρ=0.00, β=0.43) and conscientiousness (ρ=0.01, β=0.18) on adaptive strategies were significant. While there was a significant relationship between maladaptive strategies and addiction tendency (ρ=0.00, β=0.17), the direct effect of adaptive strategies on addiction tendency (ρ=0.06, β=0.12) was not significant. Furthermore, the indirect path of the neurotic personality trait on addiction tendency through the mediating role of maladaptive strategies (ρ = 0.00, β = 0.09) was significant.

The results showed that personality trait as an independent variable and emotion regulation as a mediating variable is an important factor in predicting the tendency to addiction, which can be useful in planning preventive interventions and training workshops in the field of managing and controlling emotion regulation strategies.

The aim of this study is to analyze the cognitive, environmental, social, and personality factors influencing children's learning of abstract concepts.

 This qualitative research utilized semi-structured interviews with 27 children from Tehran. Participants were selected purposefully, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were analyzed using Nvivo software and thematic analysis.

The findings revealed that cognitive factors such as memory, attention, linguistic skills, and problem-solving significantly affect abstract concept learning. Additionally, family and school environments, social support, and personality traits like curiosity and creativity were crucial. Emotional support from family and peers notably enhanced motivation and learning ability.

Various factors, including cognitive abilities, supportive environments, and personality traits, play a pivotal role in children's learning of abstract concepts. Educational programs should be designed to strengthen and enhance these factors.

The ability to problem-solve is one of the high objectives in educational systems. On the other hand, fostering a spirit of help-seeking in various dimensions has been emphasized in the higher-level documents of the education system. Upon reviewing the literature in this area, few studies can be found that provide a basis for presenting a model for problem-solving skills and academic help-seeking based on the five-factor personality dimensions, considering the role of self-concept.

The aim of the present study was to propose a structural model of problem-solving skills and academic help-seeking based on the five-factor personality dimensions with the mediating role of self-concept in female students.

The research design was descriptive correlational, utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the study included all female high school students in Tehran, totaling 98237 individuals during the academic year 2022-2023. According to the Morgan table, 538 individuals were selected as the sample using stratified random sampling (proportional to students' academic level). Data were collected using the NEO Personality Inventory (1986), Problem-Solving Inventory (Heppner, 2012), Academic Help-Seeking Scale (Ryan & Pintrich, 2007), and the Self-Concept Scale (Rogers, 1975). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25 and AMOS 24 software.

The results of structural equation modeling indicated a good fit for the model. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the five-factor personality dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and students' problem-solving skills and academic help-seeking, with the five-factor personality dimensions collectively explaining 28.5% of the variance in students' problem-solving skills and 38% in academic help-seeking (P< 0.05). The mediating role of self-concept in the model was also confirmed (P< 0.05).

Based on the results, it can be inferred that attention to students' personality profiles by educational system stakeholders can provide a basis for predicting their problem-solving skills and academic help-seeking behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended that school counselors prepare personality profiles for students to be documented in their academic records.

The present study was conducted to predict self-acceptance after cosmetic surgery based on personality traits and emotional schemas. The present research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the current study included all women and men with cosmetic surgery experience who referred to the beauty clinics of Tehran in the first six months of 2022, and according to the available sampling method, among the people who referred to these clinics, the number 300 people were selected. Research tools include the Unconditional Self Acceptance Questionnaire (USAQ, Chamberlain & Haaga, 2001), NEO Personality Questionnaire (NEO, Costa & McCrae, 1989), and Emotional Schema Scale (ESC, (Leahy, 2002). To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation test and multiple linear regression were used simultaneously. The results have shown that there is a negative and significant relationship between neuroticism, extroversion, and maladaptive schemas with self-acceptance, and there is a positive and significant relationship between empiricism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and adaptive schemas with self-acceptance. has (p>0.01). Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that the personality traits and emotional schemas explained 0.79 percent of acceptance. Therefore, it is suggested to examine and evaluate self-acceptance, personality traits, and emotional schemas in the implementation of prevention and treatment programs.

The present study aimed to explain the causal relationships between personality traits and psychological well-being in mothers of children with autism, with a focus on the mediating role of ambivalence in emotional expression.

Methods and Materials:

 This study employed a descriptive-correlational design, and structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The statistical population included all mothers of children with autism in special education schools and rehabilitation centers in Tehran during the 2021-2022 academic year. From this population, 300 individuals were selected using convenience sampling and responded to the Ambivalence Over Emotional Expression Questionnaire (Amon & King, 1990), the NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985), and the Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff, 1989). The collected data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and AMOS 24 software.

The results of the structural equations indicated that all goodness-of-fit indices confirmed an acceptable fit between the structural model and the collected data. Among personality traits, conscientiousness and extraversion positively and significantly predicted psychological well-being in mothers of children with autism, while neuroticism negatively and significantly predicted psychological well-being. Additionally, ambivalence in emotional expression negatively and significantly predicted psychological well-being in these mothers (p = .001). Furthermore, ambivalence in emotional expression significantly mediated the relationship between personality traits and psychological well-being in mothers of children with autism (p = .001).

The findings of this study can be beneficial for counselors, psychologists, and professionals in the field of autism.

The aim of the present study was to predict suicidal ideation based on maladaptive personality traits mediated by dissociative experiences.

The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population included all clients of counseling and psychological clinics in the city of Qom in 2023. From this population, 550 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 developed by Maples et al. (2015); the Dissociative Experiences Scale developed by Bernstein and Putnam (1986); and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation developed by Beck et al. (1979). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Dissociative experiences positively and significantly mediated the relationship between maladaptive personality traits and suicidal ideation (β = 0.052, p = .001).

Findings revealed that dissociative experiences significantly mediate the link between maladaptive personality traits and suicidal ideation, highlighting their importance in psychological interventions.

This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between personality traits with marital disaffection. The current research was a descriptive-correlation type of path analysis. The statistical population of this research was all married female students of Islamic Azad University Karaj branch in the academic year of 2023-2024. Using the available sampling method, a sample of 238 people was selected and participated in the study. Research tools included: Marital Disaffection Scale (MDS, Kayser, 1993), NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI, McCrae & Costa, 1985) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ, Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006). The data were analyzed using the path analysis method. The results of path analysis indicated the appropriate fit of the model. The findings showed that the personality traits of openness to experience and agreeableness were able to directly predict marital disaffection (p<0.001). Also, the indirect effect of neuroticism, extroversion, and conscientiousness variables on the marital disaffection variable through the compromised cognitive emotion regulation was significant (p<0.001). On the other hand, the indirect effect of the variables of openness to experience and agreeableness to the variable of marital disaffection through uncompromised cognitive emotion regulation was significant (p<0.001). These results show that personality traits, considering the important role of cognitive emotion regulation, can explain marital disaffection and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other.

The present study examines the effect of CEO personality traits on corporate value through the mediation of earnings management. The statistical population of this study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2019. To determine the statistical sample, simple random sampling was used and a questionnaire was sent to the CEOs of the selected companies. Finally, 50 company managers who responded were included in the statistical sample of this study. To test the research hypotheses, a structural equation model was used using the partial least squares (PLS) test. In order to evaluate the CEO personality traits, the Neo (1992) five-factor test was used, and to measure earnings management and corporate value, the modified Jones model and Kyoto model were used, respectively. The results of the study show that CEO personality traits have a positive and significant relationship on earnings management, and there is no significant relationship between CEO personality traits and corporate value. But CEO personality traits have a significant impact on company value indirectly through their effect on earnings management.

Research evidence indicates that women with premenstrual syndrome do not have a good quality of life and mention several factors as predictors of this. There is a research gap regarding the role of perceived stress and personality traits in the quality of life of these women, Therefore, addressing the mentioned variables in the form of a structural model on women with premenstrual syndrome seems necessary.

The purpose of this research was to present a structural model of quality of life based on perceived stress with the mediating role of personality traits in women with premenstrual syndrome.

The research method was descriptive-analytical of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research included all women referred to counseling clinics and psychological services, health centers and gynecologists' offices diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome in the western areas of Tehran between January 2021 to March of 2022. Among the women of the statistical population, 419 women were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools in this research include questionnaires of Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (Steineret al., 2003), Perceived Stress (Cohen et al., 1983), quality of life (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992) and the the shortened version is the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1989). To analyze the research data, Pearson correlation methods and structural equation modeling were used with the help of SPSSV-25 and AMOSV-24 software.

The results showed the relationship between neuroticism and perceived stress was positive and with quality of life, negative and significant, but other personality traits had a negative relationship with the components of perceived stress and a positive and significant relationship with the components of quality of life (P<0.01). Also, the effect of perceived stress on quality of life was negative and significant (P<0.01). In addition, among the personality traits, the effect of the path coefficient between conscientiousness, agreeableness and extraversion on quality of life and neuroticism on quality of life was negative and significant (P<0.01). In addition, the indirect path coefficient between perceived stress and quality of life through conscientiousness, neuroticism and extroversion was also negative and significant (P<0.01).

According to the findings of this research, it can be said that the quality of life model of women with premenstrual syndrome has a favorable fit, Therefore, the awareness of specialists in the fields of psychology, counseling and health of this model can be very effective and helpful in improving the quality of life of this category of women.

The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation and emotional suppression in the relationship between personality traits and addiction tendencies among university students. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all students at Kharazmi University during the academic year 2023-2024, from which 357 students were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory (McCrae & Costa, 1992), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), and the Addiction Tendency Scale (Weid & Butcher, 1992). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS 24 and Amos 24 software. The results revealed that neuroticism had a direct and positive relationship with addiction tendency, while extraversion and conscientiousness showed a direct and negative relationship with addiction tendency. No significant direct relationship was found between agreeableness and addiction tendency. Furthermore, neuroticism had a direct relationship with emotional suppression, while extraversion and conscientiousness had a direct relationship with reappraisal of emotions. Reappraisal of emotional experiences was not significantly related to addiction tendency, but emotional suppression had a significant direct relationship with addiction tendency. Additionally, emotional suppression played a mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and addiction tendency (t = 1.96). Therefore, personality traits, as well as emotion regulation and suppression, play a significant role in the tendency toward addiction among students. Targeting these two factors in psychological treatments may be effective in reducing students’ addiction tendencies.

Aggression is an abnormal phenomenon that is notably prevalent during adolescence, with various factors contributing to its occurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between early dysfunctional schemas, personality traits, and aggression.

The research design employed correlational analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study comprised all second-year high school students in Yasuj during the 2019-2020 academic year. A total of 340 students were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. Four questionnaires were utilized to collect data: Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Short Form (SQ-SF), the Five Factor Model of Personality (NEO), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation methods and structural equation modeling, employing SPSS and AMOS software. 

The results indicated that, among the personality traits, responsibility, agreeableness, extraversion, and flexibility had a negative and significant impact on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Conversely, extraversion and flexibility demonstrated a positive and significant influence on adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Additionally, the schemas of emotional deprivation, abandonment, distrust, and emotional inhibition had a positive and significant impact on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Conversely, the schemas of abandonment, deficiency, shame, and entitlement negatively affected adaptive emotion regulation strategies. In addition, the personality trait of agreeableness had a negative direct effect, while the schemas of abandonment, social isolation, failure, emotional inhibition, and entitlement had a positive direct effect on aggression. Finally, among the dimensions of personality traits—responsibility, agreeableness, extraversion, and flexibility—and the dimensions of early dysfunctional schemas—emotional deprivation, abandonment, distrust, shame and inferiority, emotional inhibition, and entitlement—these factors can indirectly influence aggression through cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

In summary, it can be concluded that the interplay of personality trait variables, early dysfunctional schemas, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies significantly contributes to predicting adolescent aggression. The findings of this study can be valuable for school counselors and psychologists in addressing issues related to aggression and emotional dysregulation.