positive thinking

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the educational program based on psychological well-being in improving positive thinking and marital satisfaction in infertile women. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all infertile women who received donated eggs and were treated at the Mam Infertility Treatment Center in Tehran in 2023, who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. All of them completed the automatic positive recognition questionnaire of Ingram et al. (1988, APAC) and the consent of Afrooz wives (2019, AMSS) before the intervention. After that, the experimental group received the educational program based on psychological well-being in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week. The research data was analyzed by variance analysis with repeated measurements. The results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test among the groups (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that there is a substantial difference in the variables of positive thinking and marital satisfaction between the two groups in the post-test and follow-up stages (p<0.05). Based on this, it can be said that using an educational program based on psychological well-being can be effective in increasing positivity and marital satisfaction in infertile women.

 Military and law enforcement jobs have high stress and special complications, which are combined with incompatibility, physical risks and life in difficult conditions all over the world; Therefore, people in high-risk jobs, such as the military, are more susceptible to psychological diseases. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of teaching social-emotional skills and positive thinking on the psychological well-being and adaptation of Imam Ali University students. This research was practical in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it was an experiment with a pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population included first-year university students. The statistical sample included 21 people for each of the experimental groups and 20 people for the control group; which were randomly selected and replaced in groups. The data collection tool included the 84-question psychological well-being questionnaire of Riff and the 160-question questionnaire of Bell's adjustment. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that both social-emotional skills training and positive thinking training improved psychological well-being and adaptation at the P<0.01 level, and in the comparison between the two types of intervention, social-emotional skills training was more effective. The results were repeated in the three-month follow-up.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of positive thinking skills on academic boredom and adaptation to school among male students of the second year of high school.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The population under study in this research was all the students of the second period secondary schools in Bukan city in the academic year 2022-2023, 40 of them were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (20 experimental and 20 control) . Then the experimental group was trained in positive thinking skills and the control group did not receive any intervention. Adaptation to school by Baker and Seriak (1984) and academic immersion by Martin and Jackson (2008) were used to collect data. Statistical tests (univariate and multivariate covariance analysis) and spss statistical software version 25 were used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that positive thinking skill training is effective on academic boredom and adaptation to school for second year male secondary school students.

According to the results obtained from this research, it is suggested that positive thinking skill training along with other psychological interventions be considered as one of the effective methods in improving academic boredom and increasing students' adaptation to school.

The present study aims to predict sleep quality in soldiers based on their religious orientations and the mediating role of resilience and positive thinking.

The present study is of a descriptive correlational type utilizing the structural equation modeling, in which a total of 237 conscripted soldiers were sampled using the availability sampling method. The data collection tools of the present study include the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, Ingram and Wisnicki Positive Affect Questionnaire, and Alport's Religious Orientation Questionnaire. Data analysis was then conducted using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 20. Lastly, the research hypothesis testing was conducted using structural equation modeling.

Based on the test statistics and their significance (P < 0.05), the results of the present study revealed the total religious orientation effect coefficient on sleep quality to be 0.307, which is mediated directly and indirectly due to the elements of resilience and positive thinking. Moreover, the total external religious orientation effect coefficient on sleep quality is 0.138, which is mediated indirectly due to the elements of resilience and positive thinking.

The results of the present study revealed that internal religious orientation has a direct, meaningful, and positive effect on sleep quality. Moreover, the mediating roles of resilience and positive thinking reinforce the effect of internal religious orientation on the sleep quality variable. External religious orientation and the mediating role of resilience and positive thinking only have an indirect positive and meaningful effect on the sleep quality variable.

The aim of the present research endeavor was to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and positive thinking training in promoting emotional regulation and cognitive avoidance among blind second-secondary students in Ardabil city. Gender was also considered as a moderating factor in this comparison. During the 2019 academic year, the research community comprised male and female secondary school pupils from Ardabil city who were blind. Through random sampling, 66 qualified volunteers (33 girls and 33 boys) were selected. The research methodology was applied and quantitative data collection was conducted in a semi-experimental fashion using a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design. The participants were divided into two independent groups, each receiving one of two intervention trainings(reality therapy training and positive thinking training), and a control group comprised of 22 individuals, 11 of whom were girls and 11 of whom were boys. The research employed the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ) and the Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (CERQ). Ten sessions of positive thinking training and eight sessions of reality therapy training (each lasting sixty minutes) were completed. Using the spss21 software, the data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis and Benferoni's post hoc test. The studies showed that the therapeutic interventions of the two experimental groups differ from those of the control group. Furthermore, in comparison to boys, the efficacy of the therapeutic intervention program in addressing cognitive avoidance and emotional regulation was found to be greater in girls (P<0.05). The results of the follow-up test showed the stability of therapeutic interventions in blind students after one month. The efficacy of reality therapy and positive thinking instruction in ameliorating the emotional regulation and cognitive avoidance difficulties of both male and female students is underscored; consequently, its application is concentrated on blind students. After one month, the results of a follow-up evaluation demonstrated that therapeutic interventions for blind students remained stable. The efficacy of reality therapy and positive thinking training in ameliorating the emotional regulation and cognitive avoidance difficulties of both male and female students is underscored, thus justifying its application to blind students.

Humans are purposeful being who seek vitality, happiness, and prosperity, and they do not feel vitality, happiness, and prosperity until they achieves what he desire. The present research carried out to investigate the role of dimensions of social vitality and positive thinking in predicting the quality of life of teachers in Qaen city. This research is a descriptive-correlational study. This research is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the research consisted of all teachers in Qaen city and among them, 150 people selected using a simple random sampling method. The data collected using Zare and Aminpour's social vitality questionnaire (2013), Ingram and Wisnicki's positive thinking questionnaire (1988) and short form of World Health Organization's quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL) (1991). The results analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and the regression test with SPSS23 software. The results of the research showed a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of social vitality and the quality of life, and all dimensions of social vitality can predict the quality of life. Additionally, the results of the research showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of positive thinking and quality of life, and among the dimensions of positive thinking, the dimension of daily positive functioning can predict the quality of life. Therefore, according to the role of social vitality and positive thinking in increasing the quality of life, the more beautifully we think, the more enjoyable we can make our lives, and our way of thinking determines the quality of our life.

AbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of developing a model of psychological well-being of divorced women based on public health, financial distress and social support mediated by positive thinking. The statistical population of the present study included all divorced women (20 to 45 years old) in Khomin city in 2021-2022. The sample size was 429 people and 3 non-random sampling methods were available. All completed the Goldberg & Hiller (1979) General Health Questionnaire, the financial distress of Prawitz et al. (2006), the social support of Zimet et al. (1988), the positive thinking of Ingram and Wisnicki (1988), and the psychological well-being of Ryff (1989). Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling using SPSSV19 and AMOSV20 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the variables of general health (0.20 and 0.14), financial distress (-0.18 and -0.17) and social support (0.33 and 0.20) had direct and significant effects on positive thinking, respectively. And had psychological well-being. In addition, positive thinking (0.15) had direct and significant effects on psychological well-being. The results also showed that the three variables of general health (0.10), financial distress (-0.10) and social support (0.11) have an indirect and significant effect on the psychological well-being of divorced women. Based on the results of this study, all three variables of public health, financial distress and social support have significant direct and indirect effects on psychological well-being through positive thinking. Therefore, this model can be used to strengthen and promote the psychological well-being of divorced women, and therefore the knowledge of counselors, psychologists, therapists, social scientists and other specialists of these variables to promote the psychological well-being of divorced women is important.

The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the relationship between religious orientation and resilience through the mediation of positive thinking; a case study of Fatemieh University students. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive data collection method, it is an analytical study type, which data collection was done in the field. The statistical population of the present study includes all students of Fatemieh University of Shiraz in the academic year of 1402-1403; whose number was more than 1362 people. According to Morgan's table, the number of samples was equal to 300 students of Fatemieh University of Shiraz. The tool for collecting the present research was a standard questionnaire. To measure religious orientation, Allport and Ross (1950) religious orientation questionnaire was used, and Connor and Davidson (2033) resilience scale was used to measure resilience. And to measure positive thinking, the positive thinking questionnaire of Ingram and Vinicio (1998) was used. To analyze it, we used SPSS and AMOS version 23 software; which was used in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics such as mean, variance, standard deviation, etc. were used to describe the data, and to determine the relationship between the data variables, Pearson's test, path analysis, and Sobel's test were used. The results show that religious orientation has an effect on resilience with a value of 0.58. Also, positive thinking has an effect on resilience with a value of 0.49. Using online systems, Sobel's statistic has been calculated that the value of 2.89 is greater than the absolute value of 1.96 and based on the reported P-Value, it is significant at a level less than 0.05. And it was found that positive thinking has a mediating role between religious orientation and resilience. It was found that positive thinking has a mediating role between religious orientation and resilience. It was found that positive self-evaluation has a mediating role between religious orientation and resilience. It was found that evaluation of others has a mediating role between religious orientation and resilience. It was found that positive future expectations have a mediating role between religious orientation and resilience. It was found that self-confidence has a mediating role between religious orientation and resilience.

Autism disorder, in addition to taking the child out of its natural development path, also affects the family system, especially the parents. Clinically, it has been found that this group of parents often maintain beliefs that may affect parent-child interactions and even children's prognosis, so one of the variables of interest in parents of children with autism is having savoring beliefs. There is a research gap regarding the effectiveness of the integrated package of mentalization and positivity on savoring beliefs in parents of children with autism.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of training based on mentalization and positive thinking on the savoring beliefs of parents with children with autism.

The design of the current research was semi-experimental, of pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all parents with children with autism in the autism association and autism schools in Tehran, Karaj, Shahriar and Hashtgerd cities in 2022. Using the available sampling method, the statistical sample of the research included 32 parents of children with autism and they were randomly divided into two groups of 16 people, experimental and control. To collect information, the Savoring Belief Inventory (SBI) (Bryant, 2003) was used, and the educational package based on mentalization and positive thinking (made by the researcher) was held for the experimental group in 12 sessions of 120 minutes. Data analysis was also done with the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements using SPSS-25 software.

The results of the present study showed that training based on mentalization and positive thinking has increased the average total score and components of savoring beliefs of parents with children with autism in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.001). Also, the process of changes caused by the aforementioned training on the total score and the components of savoring beliefs (experimental group) remained unchanged after three months of completing the training course (P<0.001).

According to the findings, it seems that mentalization and positive thinking trainings in the current research, with the growth of the capacity to reflect on mental states, provide the necessary platform for the development of savoring beliefs and its components, in other words, enjoying the awareness of positive experiences and strengthening the feelings arising from It provides positive experiences.

The aim of this research was to the prediction of marital satisfaction based on attachment styles with the mediating role of mindfulness and positive thinking. In regard to the purpose, this research was fundamental and in regard to procedure, it was a correlation study. The study community included all married people of Kermanshah City in 2022, among them 350 people were selected as a sample through available sampling. Research questionnaires included: The Enrich Marital Satisfaction scale (EMS) Fowers & Olson (1993), Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire (AAI) Simpson (1990), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) Brown & Ryan (2003), Automatic Thoughts Questionnair-Positive (ATQ-P) Ingram, & Wisnicki (1988). The structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that secure attachment style has a direct and significant relationship with marital satisfaction (P<0.001). Also, the relationship between secure attachment style and marital satisfaction through mindfulness (P<0.001) and positive thinking (P<0.001) is positive and significant, and the relationship between insecure attachment and marital satisfaction through mindfulness (P<0.002) and positive thinking (P<0.001) was negative and significant. But the direct relationship of insecure attachment to marital satisfaction (P<0.239) was not significant and the research model had a good fit. It can be concluded that attachment styles predict marital satisfaction both directly and indirectly through the two variables of mindfulness and positive thinking.

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of reality therapy and positive thinking training on self-disability and negative problem orientation, with a moderating role in blind high school students in Ardabil. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up. The statistical population consisted of blind male and female high school students in Ardabil (academic year 1399). Sixty-six volunteers were purposefully selected by random sampling in two experimental groups and one control group (22 people in each group). Intervention training was considered for the reality therapy group for 10 sessions and positive thinking for 8 sessions. Absolute blindness and education in secondary school were considered as entrance criteria and not being under the supervision of a psychiatrist, not taking medication and not attending more than 3 sessions were considered as exit criteria. Data were collected through a questionnaire of self-disability and negative orientation to the problem. Multivariate analysis of covariance and Beferroni post hoc test using SPSS 21 software were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that positive-thinking therapy intervention and reality-therapy resulted in differences between the experimental and control groups with a gender-modulating role in self-disability and negative orientation to the problem, which was persistent in the follow-up period (P <0.05). It can be concluded that reality therapy and positive thinking training is effective in improving the condition of the experimental group in the field of self-disability and negative orientation to the problem, so its use is emphasized in blind students..

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the teaching positive thinking skills with emphasis on religious teachings happiness and Psychological well –being of students. The study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design, a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all Third year male students of high school in Khoy city in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample consisted of 40 people who were selected by multistage random cluster sampling and assigned in experimental and control groups (20 in each group). A pre-test was conducted for both groups. Positive thinking skills with emphasis on religious teachings were trained in 10 sessions of 90 minutes to the sample group. The end of the training period, a post-test was conducted. In order to collect data in this study, Oxford happiness questionnaire (Argyle & Lu, 1989) and Psychological well –being questionnaire (Ryff, 1989) were used. Data analysis was performed using analysis of repeated measures variance. The results of the data analysis showed that positive thinking with emphasis on religious teachings can increase the happiness and psychological well –being of children, and the subjects in the experimental group in the post test stage had significantly higher happiness and Psychological well –being (P <0.005). Also this effectivenes was stable at the follow-up 3-month stag.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive thinking training on fear of childbirth and labor self-efficacy in primiparous pregnant women.

The present research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group and follow-up stage and the statistical population was primiparous pregnant women in Sari in autumn 1398. The statistical sample in this study included 30 pregnant women (15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group) who were selected by convenience sampling. The research instruments were Louis (1993) Childbirth Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Harman (1988) Fear of Childbirth Questionnaire. The experimental group underwent the positivist psychotherapy intervention of Ohanlon and Bertolino (2012) for eight sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures variance.

The results showed that a positive psychotherapy intervention was effective on fear of childbirth (F = 109.25, P = 0.001) and labor self-efficacy (F = 80.19, P = 0.001) in the post-test stage; This effect was also stable in the follow-up phase (P = 0.05).

The results show that positivist psychotherapy reduces unnecessary cesarean section by reducing the fear of childbirth and increasing the self-efficacy of childbirth.