psychometric characteristics

The present research was conducted with the purpose of designing and determining some psychometric characteristics of the Sahm-based lifestyle questionnaire, and this study was done with a practical goal.

The statistical population of the research included all people aged 18 to 60 living in Tehran in 2023, of which 389 people were selected through available sampling and answered the questionnaire. In order to check the validity of the questionnaire, the method of exploratory factor analysis was used, and the content validity of the instrument was confirmed by consulting experts. In order to check the reliability of the tool, Cronbach's alpha method was used. All statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS-25 software.

Based on the findings of the research, exploratory factor analysis with principal components showed that the Sahm-based lifestyle questionnaire is a 13-component tool that explains 57.24 percent of the “Sahmgozari” (partake or sharing) variance. Cronbach's alpha of the whole questionnaire is 0.93 and for components such as meaning-based (0.78), responsibility-based (0.74), agency (0.73), security-based (0.71), principle-based (0.73), respect-based (0.71), intention-based (0.73) , personal peace (0.80), the best role-playing (0.72), formative relationships (0.67), bond-making (0.63), harmonization with goals (0.63), and selectiveness (0.65) were reported.

According to the findings, it can be concluded that the Sahm-based lifestyle questionnaire has appropriate and acceptable validity and reliability in the sample of participants in the research.

Pain is one of the abstract concepts in the field of health psychology, which is expressed with conceptual metaphors. Persian-language speakers, like other languages, apply different source domains and mappings. The purpose of this study was to design, make and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of a pain metaphorical perception questionnaire in Persian-speaking patients with chronic diseases. The method of this study was descriptive and psychometric and it was a survey type of research. based on the cognitive analysis of Raiisi's pain metaphors(2021), nine metaphorical mappings were extracted, which were respectively object, causality, path and direction, human, place, taste, container, force, and circle. Based on source domains, a questionnaire with25 questions was created using a Likert response scale. The content validity of questions was evaluated by3 cognitive linguistics experts,2 health psychologists,3 physicians, and2 psychometric experts. the questionnaire was completed availability and voluntarily by 250 monolingual Persian-speaking patients with chronic diseases in2022-2023. The results indicated that there was a reliability coefficient by using Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire and its components. the result of the factor analysis showed that this questionnaire consists of four factors including object, force, human, and causality, which explain24.66% of the total variance of the factors.

Job enthusiasm refers to the amount of use of physical, mental and mental strength of people in doing tasks related to their role. Low work enthusiasm among employees causes organizational commitment and low job satisfaction, errors, accidents and injuries in performing job duties. Therefore, according to the little research evidence in the field of the research topic, identifying and measuring the job enthusiasm of employees is essential and necessary to prevent organizational and psychological problems.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of Shaufeli's job enthusiasm scale among teachers in Damghan city.

In terms of the fundamental-applied goal, and in terms of the type of information gathering, the present research is a questionnaire survey, and in terms of methodology, it is considered one of the test-making studies, which was conducted in the form of a correlational research project. The statistical population of the present study included all teachers (N = 1267) and secondary school students(N=2621) of Damghan city in the academic year of 2001-2001. Among the statistical population, 460 teachers (310 women, 150 men) and 460 students (255 girls, 205 boys) were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. The teachers responded to the Schaufeli job enthusiasm scale (2013) and the students responded to the academic motivation scale of vallerand et al. (1992). The analysis of research data was done through confirmatory factor analysis and with SPSS24 and AMOS26 software.

The results confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor structure of the scale has an acceptable fit with the data and all the fit indices confirmed the fit of the model. Also, in order to estimate the convergent validity, the Pearson correlation results showed that there were positive and significant relationships between the components of the job enthusiasm scale and the components of the academic motivation scale of Vallerand et al. (1992) (P<0.05). Also, the validity of the components of this scale was suitable using Cronbach's alpha method.

Overall, the results of the present study provided evidence for the validity and reliability of the job enthusiasm questionnaire as a tool for measuring job enthusiasm with the components of strength, commitment and attraction in order to promote and improve teachers' job performance. Therefore, it can be used by teachers, researchers, therapists and counselors as a valid and valid tool

Considering the significant impact of early childhood experiences on various dimensions of physical and psychological life and related problems and according to the literature, the lack of a coherent questionnaire to investigate adverse experiences is obvious, so it is essential to prepare a valid questionnaire to perform preventive and therapeutic interventions.

The purpose of the present study was to validate the International Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) in Mashhad.

Regarding methodology, this research was among the descriptive researches of (survey) type. The statistical population included all people over 18 years of age living in Mashhad in 2021, of which 285 people were selected by purposive sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine validity with the help of SPSS21 and AMOS22 software.

The content of the International Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire items showed that this scale has six factors with favorable fit indices. Also, Cronbach's alpha values for the subscales related to parents and caregivers, family environment, aggression, peer violence, witnessing community violence, and witnessing collective violence or war are acceptable. The results showed that this questionnaire has good convergent and divergent construct validity.

The findings of this research showed that based on the obtained factors, the International Questionnaire of Adverse Childhood Experiences is a suitable scale for evaluating adverse childhood experiences in Iran and can be used as a valid scale in fields such as research and assessment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the two-factor questionnaire of executive dysfunction among adolescents. The method of the research was descriptive and psychometric research. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the male students aged 12 to 18 years of East Azerbaijan province in the academic year of 1401-1401 in Iran. From this population, 1000 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling method, and their parents completed the two-factor questionnaire of adolescent executive dysfunction (TEXI) and also the behavior rating inventory of executive function, second edition. Finally, the questionnaire of 602 parents was analyzed. In order to check the reliability, the method of internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha, and the correlation coefficient between the questions and the total score were used, and to measure the validity, confirmatory factor analysis and criterion validity were used. The results of the research showed that the two-factor questionnaire of executive dysfunction has good reliability and validity. Also, the criterion validity of the questionnaire was confirmed (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the present questionnaire is a suitable tool for evaluating executive dysfunction among adolescents.

Considering the serious consequences of high-risk behavior for the individual and society and the importance of investigating these behaviors with valid tools, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties and factor structure of the high-risk, impulsive, and self-destructive behavior questionnaire and the emotional measures of high-risk behavior. In a cross-sectional analytical study, 401 adults were selected from the general population of Kermanshah (201 people) and Sanandaj (200 people) and were measured using the risky, impulsive and self-destructive behavior questionnaire and the impulsive behavior scale. The data were analyzed by applying correlation tests and confirmatory factor analysis and using SPSS-26 and Mplus-7 software. Cronbach's alpha and halving coefficient of three parts of risky behavior, negative emotional motivation and positive emotional motivation were 0.91, 0.91, 0.93, 0.91, 0.93 and 0.92, respectively. The factor structure of risky behavior part (RMSEA=0.02, CFI=0.98, TFI=0.98), negative emotional motivation (RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.93, TFI=0.93) and positive emotional motivation (RMSEA=0.03, CFI=0.96, TFI= 0.96) was confirmed. Positive correlations between high-risk behavior domains and impulsivity dimensions indicated the criterion validity of the questionnaire. The obtained results indicate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, and considering that this tool measures a wide range of high-risk behaviors despite being relatively short, it can be a suitable tool for use in research and screening.

Psychopathy is a multidimensional personality disorder that has attracted a lot of attention in the clinical fields. In this research, the validity of the Persian version of the Long Form of Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI) and the evaluation of its psychometric indicators are considered.

The method was descriptive-analytical and exploratory. The sample consisted of 557 male youths living in Tehran and Golestan provinces in the academic year of 2021-2022, who were selected by available sampling method and completed Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory and Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE). The psychometric properties were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, divergent validity, Pearson's correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated the existence of three interpersonal, affective and behavioral factors and indicated the good fit of the obtained model (p<0/001). The significant correlation between the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy and the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory confirms the divergent validity of this tool (p<0/01). The validity of the scale was found to be acceptable by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the composite reliability of the factors. The reliability results of this tool through the retest method showed a high correlation between the two implementations (p<0/01).

In general, the Persian version of the Long Form of Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI) and its three-factor structure were confirmed, and it can be used in psychological researches with appropriate validity and reliability.

This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Goals and Aspirations inventory. In this applied study, a psychometric design was used and the statistical population consisted of students of Allameh Tabatabaei University during the academic year 2011–2012. Among the students of Allameh Tabatabai University, 250 people (115 girls, 135 boys) were selected through an available sampling method and answered the Aspirations Index (AI) and the Religious Orientation Scale (ROS). Validity and reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were analyzed using SPSS-22 and Lisrel-8.8 software. The results of the first-order exploratory analysis confirmed the structure of the operational decade of goals and aspirations with 41 items in the Iranian youth population. In the second-order exploratory factor analysis, all ten subcomponents were classified into three indices: external, internal, and self-transcending aspirations. The results of the first and second level confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good fit of the model and also the convergent validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.77 to 0.86 for the components and was 0.90 for the intrinsic aspirations index, 0.90 for the external aspirations index, and 0.82 for the self-transcendence index. Therefore, researchers and educators can be suggested to use this questionnaire in research related to assigning goals and aspirations and, if necessary, use this instrument to provide a basis for reviewing adolescents' life goals.

One of the main areas of activity of emotions is arousal and their regulation in response to stressors. In this area, emotional and behavioral regulation strategies are considered as coping strategies that play a key role in both concepts of regulatory processes. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire which developed by Garnefski & Kraaij (2019). The statistical population was the adults of Tehran that a sample of 320 people (193 females and 127 males) answered the behavioral emotion regulation (BERQ) and cognitive emotion regulation (CERQ) questionnaires. The results showed that the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire using the retest method was 0.82 and cronbach's alpha was 0.73, which indicates its optimal reliability. The results of exploratory factor analysis also indicated the existence of five factors: seeking distraction, withdrawal, activity Approaching, seeking social support, and ignoring, which explained 66.84% of the total variance. Overall, the results indicate that this questionnaire for use in Iranian society has acceptable validity and reliability.

Initially, it was thought that ADHD was diagnosed only in children; But today it has been shown that this disorder can continue into adulthood. The aim of this study was to Assessing the psychometric characteristics of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder questionnaire by Leonard Adler et al.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population was the sample of students of the Faculty of Physical Education of Allameh Tabatabai University (128 individual). The content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by 7 experts based on the content validity index. Spss statistical software version 25 and R version 3.6.2 were used to analyze the data. The Classical approach of test analysis and Item-response theory (GRM) was used to statistically analyze the data.

The content validity study showed the coordination of the content of the measurement tool with the purpose of the tool and also the results of heuristic factor analysis showed three factors (impulsivity, hyperactivity and concentration problems) and The alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.79. Analysis of Item Response Theoryshowed that all items had a good fit with their factors and the range of knowledge of items in the range of attribute level between 2- to 2, has the most awareness and the least measurement error.

The results showed that this questionnaire with 14 items and three factors to measure adult hyperactivity and inattention in the Iranian student community has acceptable psychometric indices and can be used as a valid tool in research.

Time is an abstract concept that can be understood by conceptual or cognitive metaphors. A questionnaire based on dataset and qualitative analysis has not been designed in Persian yet to investigate the metaphorical perception of different source domains with various mappings. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design, make and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of a time perception pattern as a metaphorical questionnaire based on cognitive dataset analysis among Persian speakers. The method of this study was descriptive and psychometric, and it was a survey type of research. For cognitive dataset analysis, a set of 28 contemporary Persian texts were first selected as a targeted sample and then 405 metaphorical expressions of time were extracted in 18 metaphorical mappings. It indicated source domains as object, matter, path and place, which are the most used time source domains. Based on cognitive dataset analysis, 41 questions with a Likert scale were made for the time perception pattern. The questions of this questionnaire were evaluated by 8 cognitive linguists and 2 psychometrics. Then, inappropriate questions were deleted and other questions were corrected or replaced, and at the end of the content, the validity index of the 30 remaining questions were calculated. This questionnaire was completed by 150 Persian speakers (with a bachelor’s degree and above) selected by at-reach sampling. The results showed that there was a reliability coefficient by using Cronbach’s alpha for the whole questionnaire and its components. Moreover, the results of factor analysis indicated that there were three factors of matter, place and object, which explained 37.12 % of the total variance. As a result, the time perception pattern as a metaphorical questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument in the case of Persian speakers.

The present study aims to translate and determine the validity and reliability of the Annette's Handedness Test according to the language and culture of the Turkish people of Azerbaijan.

initially the twelve items of the test were translated and or their equivalents were made according to the language and culture of the Turkish people. Two qualitative (CVR) and quantitative (CVI) indexes were used for the determination of content validity of the translated and made options in which the expert panel was concluded 20 Turkish linguists and psychologists. Based on this, according to the Lawshe’s Sampling Decision Table (Hajizadeh, 2011) options higher than 0.42 were selected for CVR content validity and options higher than 0.79 for CVI content validity.

The Turkish version of the made test was performed on 2654 person and 663 of them were retested (ICC=0.99). Internal consistency analysis (Cronbach’s alpha) showed that the validity of the entire test options was above 0.99 and the results showed that 90.69% of participants were right-handed, 8.25% left-handed and 1.05% two-handed.

the Turkish version of the test has suitable reliability and validity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS). Two hundred and fifteen students were selected from Shiraz University by means of multistage cluster sampling method, and following scales were given them to responds Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (Chen, et.al, 2015), To confirm Vatality of the Scale (Ryan & Frederick, 1997), Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diner, et.al, 1985). To determine the validity of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, confirmatory factor analysis by structural equation modeling using AMOS software and convergent and divergent validity methods were used. Also, positive correlation between needs satisfaction, state vitality, and life satisfaction, negative correlation between needs frustration, and these variables, and positive correlation between needs frustration and aggression, confirmed the convergent and divergent validity of this scale. To determine the reliability, Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used. Range of coefficients was 0.68 to 0.85. Results indicated that BPNSFS is a valid instrument for the use in Iranian society.

This research was performed with the aim of study of psychometric characteristics of Adolescent Time Inventory Tehran city.

Statistical samples of this study were 450 male and female adolescent of Tehran city that were selected through multiphase clustering method from statistical population. Research instrument was 30question form Adolescent Time Inventory.

The results showed that reliability factor by using Cronbach`s alpha and retest, represent favorite reliability for total inventory and each of components. Also the results exploratory factor analysis indicate existence of six factors of Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Negative, Present Positive, Future Negative and Future Positive that totally explain more than 37% of total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the results indicate acceptable fitness in determining factors.

Obtained results indicate that Adolescent Time inventory is a reliable and valid instrument for Iranian adolescent population

Prediction about the advance of programs for achieving to goal is revealed in hope and failure sense is revealed in hopelessness. Therefore, the aim of this research has been study of psychometric characteristics of children hopelessness scale (Kazdin, Rodgers & Colbus, 1986) in Iranian children. Research statistical sample was composed of 482 female and male students of elementary school of Tehran city that were selected by multiphase clustring method from statistical population. Research instrument was children hopelessness scale (Kazdin etal., 1986). To study the scale`s reliability, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and to study scale`s valilidity, content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Cronbach`s alpha coefficients showed that this scale has high reliability in both future and happiness factors and results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that model has good fitness in determining factors in the primary form expressed by Kazdin etal (1986). According to research results, children hopelessness scale is a reliable and valid tool for studying of children hopelessness condition in two factors of look at future and happiness in elementary students of Tehran city

The aim of this research was to investigate psychometric characteristics of Social Exchange Styles Scale in Iranian population. Statistical population of this research included all women and men in Tehran. The participants were 470 of this population who were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. They responded to Social Exchange Styles Scale (Leybman et al.). For investigating the scale`s reliability, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient, and for valilidity, content validity and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used.Cronbach`s alpha coefficient (0.83) showed that this scale has high reliability, and results of exploratory factor analysis showed five factors including fairness, benefit-seeking, individualism, tracking and overinvestment with changing in some main items and removing items 5, 6, 11, 12, 26, 27, 30, 32, 36, 40, 44, 51, and 53. Also, results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that 41-items model had relatively good fitness. In addition, results of normalization showed that median scores of fairness, benefit-seeking, individualism, tracking and overinvestment in whole of Iranian sample respectively were 14, 32, 21, 27, and 13.

The purpose of the study was to investigate psychometric characteristics of Zimbardo's time perspective inventory (short form) in adult population of Tehran.
The sample population of the study was 400 adult men and women of Tehran which was selected by multiphase clustering method. 36-question form of time perspective inventory and NEO personality traits (short form) were used.
Results showed that reliability coefficient of questionnaire by Cronbach alpha represent the suitable reliability of total scale and each of the factors. The results also showed that there's a significant relationship between time perspective inventory factors and NEO personality traits. In addition, the results of explanatory factor analysis indicate five factors of negative past, present hedonistic, provident, positive past, and present fatalistic which generally determine 37 % of total variance. Of course there are some changes in some of the items of time perspective inventory in comparison with the original inventory. Moreover, the results of confirmatory factor analysis show an acceptable fitness in determining factors with new items.
Discussion and The obtaining results indicate that short form of time perspective inventory with its changed items is a valid and reliable tool for Iranian adult population.

The aim of this resaerch was study of psychometric characteristics of internet privacy orientation scale.
The study method was correlation that 400 students have been chosen as sample. The research instrument was multidimensional privacy orientation scale, Baruh, L., & Cemalcılar, Z. (2014). For analyzing data, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis were used.
Explanatory factor analysis showed that four factor structure of the questionnaire could explain 69.37 percent of total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis results shown that this scale indicates a good validity and reliability. And multidimensional privacy orientation scale model has good fitness and construct validity.
The results indicated that this scale has good psychometric characteristics and can be used in Iranian population.

This Study is intended to evaluate the Psyhometric characteristics and norm of Metacognitive state questionnaire (MCQ) of high school students in Bojnord city. This reaserch has been done whith the hypothesis that MCQ is considered as a tool to measure the students metacognitive states. The study population includes all male and female high school students( first period) that have been studying  in publish high schools of Bojnord in the 2015-16 academic year. Of the population, 126 males and 227 fameles were selected using stage cluster sampeling. Reaserch method is Correlation-based. The data collection tool also includes test for students metacognitive state. The resuts show that the questionnaire has good validity and reliability and norm.