social support

Social support is known to be the most powerful coping force for successful and easy coping when dealing with stressful situations and makes it easier for patients to bear problems.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of emotional and spiritual intelligence and social support on creativity and motivation with the mediating role of self-improvement.

The method of the current research was descriptive correlation type with path analysis approach. The statistical population consisted of 336 students in the fourth grade art course of Al Muthani province. Using Cochran's formula, 148 of them were selected by random cluster sampling. To collect research data, from six standard questionnaires of Goleman emotional intelligence (2001), King spiritual intelligence (2008), Zimet et al.'s social support (1988), Cooper self-improvement (1997), Torrance creativity and Harter academic motivation. (1981) was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and the reliability of the tool was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in a preliminary study for emotional intelligence questionnaire 0.89, spiritual intelligence 0.84, social support 0.89, creativity 0.87, academic motivation 0.91 and self-improvement. 0.79 was approved. Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and path analysis in SPSS and Lisrel statistical software.

The results showed that emotional intelligence, spiritual, social support and self-improvement have a positive and significant effect on students' creativity and motivation, also the results showed that the mediating role of self-improvement in influencing emotional intelligence, spiritual and social support on students' creativity and motivation is positive and it is meaningful.

Social support, by acting as a mediator between life stressors and the occurrence of physical and mental problems, as well as strengthening students' knowledge, reduces stress and increases motivation in students.

The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between social support and craving in recovering addicts. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational, using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the current study consisted of drug addicts who are quitting in Rasht in 2023 that 370 people were selected using a voluntary and available sampling method and responded to the drug craving questionnaire (DCQ, Somoza et al., 1995), self-control scale (SCS, Tangney et al., 2004), and social support scale (SSS, Zimet et al., 1988). The findings showed that the research model has a good fit. Also, social support had a direct, positive and significant effect on self-control and a direct, negative and significant effect on drug craving (p<0.01). Self-control also had a mediating role in the relationship between social support and drug craving (p<0.01). The findings of the research indicate the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between social support and drug addiction and reveal the importance of social support in the direct and indirect prediction of craving.

The aim of this study is to analyze the cognitive, environmental, social, and personality factors influencing children's learning of abstract concepts.

 This qualitative research utilized semi-structured interviews with 27 children from Tehran. Participants were selected purposefully, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were analyzed using Nvivo software and thematic analysis.

The findings revealed that cognitive factors such as memory, attention, linguistic skills, and problem-solving significantly affect abstract concept learning. Additionally, family and school environments, social support, and personality traits like curiosity and creativity were crucial. Emotional support from family and peers notably enhanced motivation and learning ability.

Various factors, including cognitive abilities, supportive environments, and personality traits, play a pivotal role in children's learning of abstract concepts. Educational programs should be designed to strengthen and enhance these factors.

The objective of this study is to identify mental patterns related to positive emotion processing in individuals.

 This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to collect data from 26 participants residing in Tehran. The sample consisted of 14 men and 12 women with an average age of 32 years. Theoretical saturation was applied in data collection, and data analysis was conducted using NVivo software.

Three main categories were identified: cognitive processing of positive emotions, physiological processing of positive emotions, and social impacts of positive emotion processing. In cognitive processing, key themes included analysis and interpretation of positive emotions, emotional self-awareness, and reflection on positive experiences. Physiological changes such as increased energy and muscle relaxation were noted in the physiological processing. Social impacts included effective social interactions and receiving social support.

The findings of this study suggest that positive emotion processing has broad impacts on individuals’ mental, physiological, and social well-being. Additionally, identifying mental patterns related to the processing of these emotions can serve as valuable tools for improving life quality and mental health.

Over the past decade, the prevalence of diabetes has increased, especially in adolescents. On the other hand, adolescents with diabetes have difficulty controlling blood sugar, and controlling diabetes and taking care of themselves during adolescence is a challenge. Self-care is a set of spontaneous activities that are consciously and consciously carried out by the patient in order to understand the conditions and factors affecting them and to adopt a positive and specific attitude towards themselves and their disease. This disease has many negative effects on the mental health and quality of life of the affected person and their family. In fact, what happens within the family and the interaction between parents and children can be a key factor in creating resilience and reducing current and future risk associated with adverse events and inappropriate conditions. By equipping itself with problem-solving skills, the family can promote the health of its members and act as a mechanism against factors that harm the health of its members. Problem solving is a conscious, rational, and purposeful activity that enables adolescents to identify various possibilities around them when faced with conflicts and controllable events and use them to make appropriate decisions and solve problems. In this regard, adolescent emotional autonomy is one of the crises of adolescence that most parents are involved with their children. In this regard, Chia-Ying Chen et al. (2020) found that high emotional autonomy is significantly associated with poor management of diabetes control. Therefore, the present study aims to answer the research question of whether social support plays a mediating role in predicting self-care based on problem-solving skills, parent-child relationships, and emotional independence? The statistical population of the study included all adolescents in Isfahan who were diagnosed with diabetes in 2017 according to clinical diagnoses. Questionnaires were purposefully distributed among 149 adolescents with diabetes. In order to collect data, the Diabetes Self-Care Questionnaire (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities), the Standard Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS), the Revised Social Problem-Solving Questionnaire (SPSI-R), the Parent-Child Relationship Assessment Questionnaire (PCRS), and the Stenberg and Silverberg Emotional Independence Questionnaire were used. After collecting data and analyzing them descriptively and inferentially and presenting the model using statistical software, the results obtained indicated that social support in the dimensions of family, parent-child relationship, and emotional independence, as well as problem-solving skills in the dimensions of negative, impulsive, and avoidant strategies, played a role in the self-care of adolescents with diabetes in Isfahan (p<0.05). Also, the results of the path analysis showed that social support plays a mediating role in predicting self-care based on problem-solving skills with an effect size of 0.22 and parent-child relationship with an effect size of 0.18. Explaining the present findings, it can be stated that today, the analysis of diseases is not limited to biomedical factors, and a wide network of social factors, known as social determinants of health or factors affecting health, has gained a more prominent dimension in the scope and quality of health and disease. People with stronger problem-solving skills are naturally more capable of facing everyday challenges and finding appropriate solutions to their problems. However, the presence of social support from family, friends, and society can strengthen these skills. Also, social support resulting from the parent-child relationship increases the sense of belonging and acceptance in the individual and helps the individual to implement self-care behaviors (such as healthy eating, exercise, stress management, and adherence to medical recommendations) well in their lives.

The aim of this study is to identify and analyze emotion regulation-based behavioral patterns in adolescents with performance anxiety. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews for data collection. A sample of 26 adolescents with performance anxiety from Tehran was selected. Participants were chosen based on theoretical saturation, and data were gathered through individual interviews. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software and thematic analysis. The results revealed that adolescents used various emotion regulation strategies, including negative emotion acceptance, positive coping strategies such as goal focus and recalling past successes, and social support from family and friends. Adolescents who employed negative coping strategies like worry and avoidance experienced higher levels of anxiety. The study showed that emotion regulation plays a significant role in reducing performance anxiety in adolescents. Positive coping strategies and emotion acceptance were identified as key factors in alleviating performance anxiety. Additionally, social support from family and peer groups helped improve the emotional well-being of adolescents.

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of social interactions on cognitive processes and social anxiety in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. This is a qualitative study that used semi-structured interviews to collect data. Twenty-seven adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder from Tehran were purposefully selected. Data were gathered through individual interviews with the participants and were analyzed using Nvivo software. The data analysis was carried out through open, axial, and selective coding. The results indicated that social interactions significantly impacted social anxiety and self-esteem in adolescents. Positive social interactions, such as social support and friendships, significantly increased self-esteem and reduced social anxiety. On the other hand, negative interactions, such as social rejection and negative evaluations by peers, exacerbated social anxiety. Furthermore, social interactions had positive effects on cognitive processes, enhancing cognitive skills such as analytical thinking and decision-making. This study shows that social interactions play a crucial role in managing social anxiety and improving cognitive processes in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Therefore, providing opportunities for positive social interactions can help reduce social anxiety and improve cognitive skills in adolescents.

The aim of this study is to examine the cognitive processes and regulatory behaviors involved in managing family conflicts. This qualitative research employed thematic analysis to explore the data. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 participants from Tehran. Purposeful sampling was used, and theoretical saturation was achieved in the data collection process. Nvivo software was used for data analysis. The results indicated that cognitive processes such as conflict situation appraisal, prediction of outcomes, and evaluating consequences played a significant role in conflict management. Furthermore, regulatory behaviors such as emotion regulation, effective communication skills, and coping with social pressures helped individuals better manage conflicts. In particular, active communication skills and self-soothing were key factors in reducing the intensity of conflicts. This study demonstrated that cognitive processes and regulatory behaviors, especially in the context of family conflicts, play a crucial role in reducing tensions and strengthening family relationships. Training these skills can contribute to improving family dynamics and reducing the psychological challenges arising from conflicts.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of occupational stress & job demands with sleep quality with moderating role of social support & job control. The research method was causal-correlational and statistical population includes all 480 staff employees of an industrial company in Ahwaz. The sample of study was 237 employees who were selected using stratified random sampling. For collecting data was used Health & Safety Executive (Health & Safety Executive (HSE) stress) Stress, Job Demands (De Jonge, Landeweerd, & Nijhuis, 1993), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (Buysse & et al, 1989), Social Support (Wax, Philips, Holly, Tampson, Williams, & Stwart, 1986), & Job Control (Daniels, & Harris, 2005) questionnaires, & for analyzing data, was used Pearson's correlation coefficient & hierarchical regression analysis. Based on the results, stress & job demands have negative & significant relationship with sleep quality (p<0.01). Also, the findings indicated that social support & job control moderate the relationship stress & job demands with sleep quality (p<0.01).

Most studies in the field of addiction have focused on indicators affecting addiction, and a few studies have focused on the effect of social factors on drug relapse. Therefore, due to the multidimensional nature of the tendency to drug use, the study of drug reorientation through biological, social, cultural, and psychological factors is a basic necessity.

This study aimed to investigate the social factors affecting the reduction of drug addicts' relapse.

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all young people in the age range of 15 to 30 years old in Izeh city in 2024, which according to the report of the Drug Control Organization of Izeh city, is 3200 people. The sample consisted of 345 young drug users who were referred to addiction treatment camps in Izeh City and were selected by convenience sampling. To collect the research data, the researcher-made social learning, social support, and social participation questionnaires and the craving of Salehi Fadardi et al. (2010) were collected. To analyze the research data, SPSS.26 software was used using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression using simultaneous method.

The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between social learning, social support, and social participation with craving (P< 0.05). The results of multivariate regression showed that social support (35%), social participation (62%), and social learning (13%) explained the variance of drug relapse temptation in young people, respectively.

The results show that people who are more likely to reuse drugs have lower levels of support, participation, and social learning. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to these variables and develop educational programs based on these variables to reduce drug reuse in users.

This study tested the moderating role of social support from family sources in the relationship between strength-based parenting and self-harming academic behaviors in adolescents. In this correlational study, the statistical population consisted of senior high school students in District 11 of Tehran during the 2022-2023 academic year. A sample of 230 adolescents aged 16 to 18 (with a mean age of 17.10 and a standard deviation of 0.59) was selected through convenience sampling. Participants completed the Strength-Based Parenting Scale (Jack et al., 2018), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988), and the Academic Health Inhibitors Behaviors Questionnaire (Salehzadeh et al., 2017). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analysis through SPSS software. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis, emphasizing the statistical significance of the interactive effect of strength-based parenting and social support from family sources, supported the model of the buffering hypothesis of stress. This indicates a moderating role of social support in the relationship between strength-based parenting and self-harming academic behaviors, including learned helplessness, help-seeking avoidance, academic procrastination, effort avoidance, and maladaptive perfectionism. The study provided evidence for the causal moderating model of social support from family sources in the relationship between strength-based parenting and self-harming academic behaviors, highlighting the importance of understanding the functional characteristics of the parenting context in predicting self-harming academic behaviors in learners through informational backgrounds and supportive experiences in the parent-adolescent relationship.

This study aimed to examine the moderating role of gender in the relationship between religiosity, optimism, social support, and life satisfaction among residents of Khuzestan Province.  This research is applied in purpose and descriptive-correlational in design. The study population included all residents of Khuzestan Province, with a total population of 4,710,509 based on the 2016 national census. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample of 1,067 individuals was selected through multi-stage cluster sampling across 27 regions of Khuzestan during 2019–2021. Data were collected using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), the Religiosity Questionnaire (Glock and Stark, 1965), the Life Orientation Test (Scheier and Carver, 1985), and the Social Support Questionnaire (Zimet and Farley, 1988). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis in SPSS version 26.  The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a statistically significant and positive relationship between the predictor variables (religiosity, optimism, and social support) and life satisfaction (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis indicated that religiosity, optimism, and social support collectively predicted 37% of the variance in life satisfaction. Furthermore, the moderating role of gender was confirmed, indicating that the influence of religiosity, optimism, and social support on life satisfaction differs significantly between men and women in Khuzestan Province.  The findings highlight that social support has the strongest influence on life satisfaction among participants. These results not only contribute to the existing literature but also provide valuable insights for stakeholders, policymakers, and managers to inform decision-making and interventions aimed at enhancing life satisfaction in the region.

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between perceived stress and nomophobia and the mediating role of social support in students. The present research was a descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was the students of Islamic Azad University, Rasht branch in 2023. 220 students were selected by the available sampling method. Participants completed an online survey and completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen et al., 1983), the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q; Yildirim & Correia, 2015), and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS; Zimet et al., 1988) answered. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling. The fit indices indicated that the proposed model had a good fit. The results showed that perceived stress positively and social support negatively had a direct effect on nomophobia; Also, perceived stress negatively had a direct and significant effect on social support (P<0.05). Also, the results of the bootstrap test showed that social support played a mediating role between perceived stress and nomophobia (P<0.05). The results of this research indicated that the perceived stress directly or the mediating role of social support affected nomophobia.

The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between the separation maladaptive schema and death anxiety, with the mediating role of the meaning of life and social support. The present research was descriptive-correlational based on path analysis. The statistical population of this study included all nurses who worked in Tehran hospitals in 2022-2023 and provided care for end-of-life patients. We selected 203 individuals using a purposive sampling method. Instruments used in the study include the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS, Templer, 1970), The multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS, Zimmet et al, 1988), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MSQ, Steger et al. 2006), and Young's schema questionnaire-Short form (YSQ-SF, Young, 1990). Data were analyzed using the path analysis method. The results showed separation schema had a direct effect on death anxiety and an indirect effect through the mediation of the meaning of life and the perception of social support (p<0.001). Also, the results showed that the separation schema directly affected social support and meaning in life. The results showed that the model had a good fit. According to these findings, it can be concluded that the schema of separation through meaning in life and the perception of social support plays an important role in the formation of death anxiety in nurses.

This research was conducted to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between mindfulness and social support with resilience in students. The present study was descriptive-correlation by structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the research included students of Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad branch in the academic year 2023. In this study, 230 people were selected by random sampling of the cluster and were assigned to the Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire (FMI; Walach et al., 2006), the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS; Zimet et al., 1988), the Short Form of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF, Raes et al., 2011) and the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Connor and Davidson, 2003) answered. Structural equation analysis was used to analyze data. The findings showed that the proposed model has a favorable fit. Also, the findings showed that mindfulness, social support, and self-compassion had a direct and significant effect on resilience; Also, mindfulness and social support had a direct and significant effect on self-compassion (P< 0.05). The result of the bootstrap test showed that self-compassion played a mediating role in the relationship between social support and resilience; Also, the results showed self-compassion between mindfulness and resilience played a mediating role (P<0.05). Finally, it can be concluded that social support and mindfulness directly and through self-compassion affect resilience.