substance abuse

Drug addiction has been recognized as a global problem for many years, substance use disorders in families are increasing day by day, and violence against women has become a serious problem. Therefore, The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rumination and perfectionism on violence against women with the mediating role of resilience among women with addicted husbands. The current research was a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women with husbands suffering from substance abuse disorder in Mashhad. The sample size was determined to be 132 people using G-power software, and 165 people were tested in order to meet the possible future dropouts. The questionnaires used were the rumination scale of Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow, the positive and negative perfectionism scale, the Connor and Davidson resilience scale and the violence against women. Resilience directly predicts violence against women (p<0.01, β=0.30). In addition, rumination (p<0.05, β=0.08) and perfectionism (p<0.05, β=0.08) were two variables that were indirectly influencing violence against women through resilience. This means that less rumination and perfectionism increase resilience in the individual and thus reduce violence against women. Women who have higher resilience can better distinguish between their positive and negative emotions. This ability of women makes them better able to control difficult situations when faced with the violence of their husbands. This causes the relationship of such couples to be less challenged and violent.

The purpose of the present study was to phenomenologically investigate the quality of childhood in people suffering from substance abuse. This research was conducted qualitatively and with the foundation's data approach. For this purpose, Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 drug users aged 25 to 49, who were selected in a purposeful way, during which these people shared their experiences about this phenomenon. The conducted interviews were analyzed based on the emergent approach in foundational data theory. The main categories of substance abuse include background factors, intervening factors, and causal conditions. According to the findings of the current research, the most influential background factors on substance use are family conditions, economic conditions, environmental and cultural conditions, emotional discrimination, and family pressures. The most common intervening factors were feelings of pride and happiness, feelings of pleasure, extremism and divorce or death. Causal conditions can also include things such as curiosity and fun, inappropriate friends, escaping from problems, etc. Finally, this research highlights the reasons behind individuals' substance abuse tendencies and the influence of childhood trauma.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on psychological well-being and quality of life in women with substance abuse spouses. The present study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all women with addicted spouses who were referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran in 1400 Among them, 30 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) were selected by the available sampling method and randomly in two The experimental and control groups were placed. To collect data, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (SF-36, World Health Organization, 1996) and Ryff's psychological well-being Scale)RSPWB-SF, Ryff, 1989) were used. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference between the average psychological well-being and the quality of life of women with drug-abusing husbands in the two experimental and control groups at the level of 0.05. Compassion-based therapy training can be a useful tool in improving psychological well-being and quality of life in women with drug-abusing spouses.

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy of anger management on aggression and self-esteem of women affected by substance abuse. The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population was all the en affected by substance abuse in the center of injured women welfare of Shemiranat in 2022. 24 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 12 people (experimental and control group). The Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) (Bass and Perry, 1992) and the Self-Esteem Questionnaire (RSE) (Rosenberg, 1965) as well as from the 12-session protocol (one session per week and each session between 90 and 120 minutes) of group cognitive behavioral therapy Anger management was used for intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance test. The results showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is a significant difference between the post-test mean of aggression and self-esteem in the two experimental and control groups (p<0.001). It can be concluded that the group cognitive behavioral therapy approach of anger management has been effective in the process of aggression and self-esteem in affected women.

Substance abuse is a maladaptive pattern of substance use through recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of substances appearing. Multiple variables affected on severity, duration and treatment of substance abuse disorders. In 2017, globally 271 million people were estimated to have used one or more illicit drugs. The aim of this causal-comparative study was the comparison of impulsiveness, ego strength, alexithymia and perceived social support in addicts who continued treatment and those who abandoned treatment.

For this purpose, 180 participations referred to 3 drug rehabilitation center and after obtaining the consent and conveniently placed into three groups: medicinal, motivational and combined (medicinal-motivational) treatment randomly. Participations completed BIS (Barratt, 1994), Ego Strength Scale (Besharat, 2006), TAS-20 (Bagby, Parker & Taylor, 1994) and MSPSS (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley, 1998) before and after the treatments. The number of people remained at the end of treatment were 45, 39 and 43 respectively in each group. For analyze the data non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test was used.

The results showed significant differences on impulsiveness, ego strength, alexithymia and perceived social support between Addicts Who Continued Treatment and Those Who Abandoned Treatment.

Considering these variable can be effective in preventing, diagnosis and treatment of addiction.

Today, addiction is a very important threat to the health of the family system. Cognitive-behavioral therapies with emphasis on mindfulness and attention to cognitive flexibility are effective in rehabilitation of mothers addicted to substance abuse. In this regard, the question of the present study was whether cognitive-behavioral counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is effective on the psychological flexibility of mothers dependent on substance abuse?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on psychological flexibility of mothers dependent on substance abuse.

The present study was conducted by quasi-experimental method and pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study comprises those addictive mothers who have been hospitalized in the addiction treatment center of Shiraz during spring 2019. A total number of thirty addictive mothers were selected making use of available sampling. They were divided into two groups of control and experimental. Each group consisted of 15 samples. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire of Bond et al (2007) was used as pre-test and post-test designs alike. We also employed 12-session protocol of Flaxman et al (2011) for acceptance and commitment counselling. The method of analysis of covariance was chosen to analyze collected data.

The results showed cognitive-behavioral counseling which was based on acceptance and commitment therapy had effective on psychological flexibility of addictive mothers. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0/01).

According to findings, cognitive-behavioral counseling, which was based on acceptance and commitment, increases the psychological flexibility of addicted mothers.

Substance abuse represents one of the major concerns in developing countries such as Iran. On the other hand, most previous research has been on the motivations for substance abuse in local samples and younger age groups (eg adolescents), and as a result our knowledge of the motivations for substance abuse in adults is limited.

The purpose of this study was to identify the motives behind substance abuse from the perspectives of abusers, their families, and experienced mental health specialists in Shiraz city, Iran.

Phenomenological qualitative method was used to conduct the research. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews based on the theoretical sampling method. The participants were 26 individuals including five addiction specialists/therapists, one family members of abusers, and 19 substance abusers. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed. The interviews were then constantly compared based on qualitative content analysis.

Out of 943 initial codes, 10 main categories and 24 sub-categories were extracted that described the “motives for substance abuse.” The main categories were “communication problems”, “physical problems”, “attitude toward addiction”, “experiential avoidance”, “two-wolves” (excessive pleasure-seeking by taking both alcohol and narcotics), “addictive behaviors”, “social determinants”, “psychiatric disorders”, “cultural issues”, and “genetic issues”.

The motives for substance abuse involved a wide range of biological, psychological, and social determinants, which must be addressed in addiction prevention programmes. Further research must probe into the effective processes of such factors.

With the significant increase in the computer and internet usage, the new concept of addiction to internet games is now considered as a new psychiatric disorder. The evidences have demonstrated that the internet gaming disorder is similar to drug addiction in terms of neurology, but just a few researches has been done in terms of brain functions. The aim of this project is to compare Inhibitory control and risky decision making among heroin and methamphetamine users, internet gaming disorders and normal people. To do so 180 men participants (45 persons in each group) were selected via simple nonrandom or convenience sampling. Subjects of the study were evaluated using go/no go and Balloon Risk Taking Task (BART) test. For analyzing the results multivariable analyze of variance was used. Results showed that inhibitory control in both substance abuse disorder and internet gaming disorder was significantly lower than normal group (P<0.001). Although internet gaming disorder group showed better performance in comparison with substance abuse disorder group. (P<0.001) Moreover, risky decision-making in internet gaming disorder group was similar to substance abuse disorder group and was significantly higher than normal group (P<0.001). Generally, there are relative similarity in impulsivity parameters particularly in risky decision-making and inhibitory control between internet gaming group and substance abuse group. This can lead to continue taking drugs or online gaming despite of their annoying consequences.

 The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in improving impulsive decision-making and suicide ideation of addicts. 

 The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-post-test design, and follow-up stage with a control group, and its statistical population consisted of 1700 female and male addicts who visited substance abuse treatment centers in Sari. After the purposive screening, 30 individuals were selected as samples and were randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The research tools included Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) by Patton, Stanford, & Barratt (1995), and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (1961). The experimental group received eight sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy based on the treatment package of Hayes et al. (1999), and the control group was put on the waiting list; Data were analyzed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance. 

 The results indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in reducing impulsive decision-making (F=4.87, P=0.036), and suicide ideation score (F=0.02, P=0.033), and the effects were stable in the follow-up phase (P=0.01). 

 Acceptance and commitment therapy was an appropriate strategy to reduce impulsivity and suicide ideation in female and male addicts and could be used as an effective intervention.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group therapy based on emotion regulation on alexithymia, and experiential avoidance in substance user patient with comorbidity of borderline personality disorder. The research design was quasi-experimental with two experimental and control groups including pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of this study consisted of patients with substance abuse disorder and borderline personality in a psychiatric hospital of Shiraz city; 30 persons (male) were selected using purposive sampling method and randomly assigned in the study: One experimental and one control group (15 males each). The criteria for entry into treatment were borderline personality disorder diagnosis with substance abuse and methadone maintenance treatment. The tools used in this study were Toronto-20 mood disorder questionnaire and Second Edition Acceptance and Practice Questionnaire to assess experiential avoidance. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and descriptive statistics. The results showed that the scores of alexithymia, and experiential avoidance significantly decreased in the experimental group after the treatment. The results of this study illustrated that group therapy based on emotion regulation can reduce alexithymia, and experiential avoidance in this group of people. Therefore, it is suggested that in addition to pharmacological treatments, psychological treatment methods may also be used to increase the effectiveness of treatment on drug users.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of Schema Group Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy in treating substance abusers’ temptation and impulsivity.  

The study was a quasi-experimental project with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments. The study sample consisted of 60 male substance abusers who were purposefully selected and assigned in three groups: schemes therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and control. All subjects completed questionnaires of temptation and impulsive beliefs in three phases: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up.

Comparing the experimental groups and the control group, the results showed that both schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy significantly led to decreases in substance abusers’ temptation and impulsivity. Moreover, the results showed that schema therapy is more effective than acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing substance abusers’ temptation. However, there was no significant difference between the two treatment methods in reducing substance abusers’ impulsivity. These results remained unchanged in the follow-up phase.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of short-term intensive scanning psychotherapy on defense styles and improving the quality of life of patients with substance abuse disorder under methadone maintenance treatment.

The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The study examined 14 men addicts under methadone maintenance treatment in Tehran from 2018 to 2020. We selected the addicts from care centers affiliated to Tehran Welfare Organization using the cluster sampling method from districts 2, 7, 14, and 19 as well as eligible centers by convenience sampling and randomly classified them into control (7 men) and experimental (7 men) groups. To collect data, we utilized the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) by Andrews et al. (1993) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and analyzed the data using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the experimental group in scores of developed defense styles, neurotic defense styles, and undeveloped defense styles (P<0.05), but there was not any significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the control group. In the experimental group, the effectiveness of the intervention was stable for three months. There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results of the experimental group in quality of life index (P<0.05), but there was not any significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the control group, and the effectiveness of the intervention was not stable during three months after cessation of treatment.

The results indicated that short-term intensive scanning psychotherapy was effective in improving defense styles and the quality of life of patients with substance abuse disorder under methadone maintenance treatment.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of group happiness training on relapse prevention in patients with substance abuse. In a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design, 30 patients with substance abuse referred to Shiraz Welfare Self-Introduction Center who had successfully passed the detoxification period were selected by available sampling method and They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 people each) and answered the recurrence prediction questionnaire in two stages of pre-test and post-test. The experimental group was then trained in group happiness for 10 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was performed by SPSS-21 software using analysis of covariance. The results showed a significant decrease in the recurrence prevention score in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test stage. Therefore, happiness group training is effective in preventing recurrence of patients with substance abuse.

Addiction has become one of the most serious problems in human society today, and especially in developing countries with young populations, high poverty and unemployment. Substance abusers show signs of disruptive emotion regulation strategies. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of group metacognitive therapy and group mindfulness on mental well-being in improved patients with substance abuse disorder.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test- post-test with control group. The statistical population was all those with abuse disorder referred to addiction treatment centers in Varamin city. Using convenience sampling, 54 subjects were selected out of which 18 were in the mindfulness treatment group, 18 in the metacognitive therapy group and 18 in the control group. Using convenience sampling, 54 people were selected and replaced in three groups of mindfulness, meta-cognitive therapy and control. In this study, Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire by Keyes, Shmotkin, & Ryff (2002) was used to collect pre-test, post-test and follow-up data. The group metacognitive therapy and group mindfulness were presented in 8 sessions each. The data were analyzed by Covariance analysis method.

The results of Bonferroni test showed that group mindfulness on the components of life satisfaction (P=0.004) and positive affect (P=0.019) in patients recovered from substance abuse disorder were effective.

Mindfulness therapy can break down stressful thoughts to allow one to look at the subject in another way and thus improve mental well-being over time.