:پرسشنامه

The purpose of this research was to standardize the Religious Attribution Questionnaire of Garey et al according to Iranian-Islamic culture. The research method was descriptive and survey type. The statistical population of patients with covid-19 was in Qom and Tehran provinces in 1400. Through the publication of the research link on social networks, 548 people responded to two questionnaires of Religious Attribution Questionnaire of Garey et al. To examine the psychometric properties, the data were analyzed using spss26 and amos24 software. To evaluate the validity process, three methods of content validity, criterion validity and construct validity were used using internal consistency methods and factor analysis method using confirmatory method and exploratory factor analysis. The findings indicate the identification of three factors; "Positive religious attribution", "Questioning God" and "God’s punishment" were the factor of Questioning God and God’s punishment together formed the negative religious documents. The validity of the test and internal homogeneity were also calculated by the method of dividing the test by two halves, Spearman-Brown coefficient and Gottman's two-half coefficient and determining Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results indicated that the Persian version of the Religious Attribution Questionnaire of Gray et al. has high validity and reliability, and its stability and predictability are confirmed. Therefore, this questionnaire is a useful, meaningful and appropriate tool for measuring religious attribution in Iranian-Islamic culture.

Inclusive education is the right of every child, regardless of special needs, and they should benefit from it. The teacher has a leading and active role in inclusive education. This study aimed to present the factor structure and reliability of a questionnaire for the assessment of teachers’ perceptions about their preparation to support inclusive education.

The methodology of this research was a descriptive survey method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all primary school teachers in Tehran who were working in the academic year 1401-1402. 464 teachers who were selected based on a multi-stage cluster sampling method responded to this 19-item questionnaire (CEFI-R).

First, the questionnaire was translted into Farsi. Then it was back translated into English and again into Farsi. Its validity and language was also approved by some experts in the field. To investigate its construct validity, using exploratory factor analysis, 4 factors including (diversity, methodology, support (supporter teacher), and participation in society) were obtained. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the factor loading of all items was higher than 0.3, which makes the items and variables suitable for this research. To estimate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the dimensions of the questionnaire and its totality were calculated which were 0.78 to 0.85 respectively.

results showed that this instrument is suitable for measuring the level of preparation of primary teachers for the implementation of inclusive education in Iran.

In the past decades, the attitude toward the family has changed in the fields of marriage, marital relation, and parenting in Iran. The influence of the family and the appropriate performance of its roles, especially the transmission of the values ​​and culture of the society, are affected by the members' attitudes. Considering the importance of the family issue and the attitude toward it, the researcher tried to extract the components of the attitude toward the family in the three areas of marriage, marital relation, and parenting from religious sources, and based on the components, made the relevant questionnaire. The approach of the research is qualitative-quantitative, in the sense that in the qualitative part, the content analysis of religious texts was applied, and in the quantitative part, the research is a descriptive-survey one, which is used to measure the validity of the attitude components and questionnaire items. The purpose of the research is applied. In this research, first the concepts related to the family and attitude toward it were categorized, and the components related to the attitude toward the family were extracted using open coding and axial coding. To measure the validity of components and items, the ideas of experts of religious sciences and psychology were used. After the evaluation of the components by the experts, 32 components in three areas and ten dimensions were confirmed, and according to these components, 95 items were obtained for making the questionnaire. Then, to confirm the research data, confirmatory factor analysis and CVI were applied among a sample of 205 people, and to measure its reliability, Cronbach's alpha and split-half method were used. Their reliability coefficients were reported as 0.97 and 0.95, respectively, which shows that the questionnaire has a good reliability.

This study aimed to develop and validate an evaluation tool for the basic education system from the perspective of the infrastructure of entrepreneurship education, using a mixed approach that combined qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative part of the study, a targeted sampling method was used to select 12 experts who were interviewed through semi-structured interviews with theoretical saturation criteria. In the quantitative part, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 385 teachers, principals, and counselors from three elementary, middle, and high school levels. The results of the interviews were analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 software, and all the constituent categories of the evaluation of the basic education system were determined from the perspective of the infrastructure of entrepreneurship education. A questionnaire with 36 questions in three dimensions (fundamental, structural, process) was developed, and the form, the structural validity and content validity of the questionnaire were examined and as result three questions were removed. The results showed that all questions had a factor loading of 0.7 or higher and an average variance extracted of 0.5 or higher, and the reliability of both criteria (alpha Cronbach, composite reliability) of all dimensions was above 0.9. The designed tool has good validity and reliability and can be used to evaluate the basic education system from the perspective of entrepreneurship education infrastructure. These findings provide valuable insights into the evaluation of the basic education system and highlights the importance of entrepreneurship education in this context.

This study aimed to develop a preliminary questionnaire for the success of the Congregational Imam of the mosque based on Islamic sources. So, the research method was content analysis and survey method so that 50 successful imams were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. To evaluate the validity of the content, components, and items of the questionnaire the views of six experts in psychology and prayer were taken. The result of Kendall coefficient indicates the agreement degree of experts on items with Islamic data and the way of their implies. To evaluate the validity of this questionnaire, the correlation of each item with the total score was calculated and items with a high correlation of 0.3 with the total score were confirmed. Also, to check the validity of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.83 and the correlation between the two sides of the questionnaire was calculated; the results show the high reliability of the questionnaire.

Research has shown that mental energy is an important factor in many domains, including athletic performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Sports Mental Energy Questionnaire. The research method was applied and tool development. The study population includedall male and female athletes in Urmia city in different sports; From this population, based on Morgan sample size determination table, 283 athletes were selected by available sampling method. The athletic mental energy questionnaire Lu et al (2018) was used as a research tool. The questionnaire was presented to the athletes after translation into Persian and approval by three experts and then analyzed. To evaluate the construct validity and determine the factor structure of the questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling was used and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the six-factor model, the three-factor of the affective components (vigor, tireless, and calm) of AME and and the two-factor of the cognitive components (confidence and concentration) of AME) as well as motivation has a acceptable goodness of fit with the data in the sample of athletes. Cronbach's alpha results above 0.70 for all factors also indicate the appropriate reliability of the Athletic Mental Energy Questionnaire. The findings suggest that this measurement tool with good validity and reliability can be used to assess the athletic mental energy in Iranian athletes

Today, parental monitoring is one of the skills of parents to care for adolescents to transition from this stage of development. So far, various tools have been developed to measure parental monitoring skills that do not consist of all aspects of parental monitoring. Therefore, the present study was conducted to design and validate a parental monitoring questionnaire. The questionnaire is designed to measure parental monitoring based on five dimensions: information, supervision, communication, concern and acceptance. The research population includes all parents of female high school students from 2019-2020. The researcher-made questionnaire was performed on 300 parents (233 females and 67 males). Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings show acceptable reliability of five dimensions (0.88 - 0.87) and the whole questionnaire (90.3). To determine the concurrent validity of the parental monitoring questionnaire were used from two parental conflict questionnaires to assess divergent validity and the parenting styles questionnaire to assess convergent validity. Findings indicate the validity of the criterion of the parental monitoring questionnaire. Whit considering the importance of parental monitoring as an important skill in the process of raising children can be used from made questionnaire to assess the dimensions of this parenting skill and consequently to provide feedback.

This study aims to construct and validate a questionnaire to assess the psychological boundaries of the family based on the Holy Quran. The boundaries of the family were extracted and presented from the verses of the Holy Quran and the interpretive narrations below them by the method of religious-psychological ijtihad. The final pattern includes 5 first-order boundaries, 15 second-order boundaries, and 64 third-order boundaries. A questionnaire was designed based on the extracted boundaries. The content validity of the items was confirmed by experts based on CVI and CVR. the reliability of the questionnaire were calculated using Cronbach's alpha. The total reliability of the questionnaire was 0.975, general boundaries, 0.884, spousal boundaries, 0.92, parental boundaries, 0.925, sibling boundaries, 0.789 and external boundaries 0.761. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 600 families with children. The results of factor analysis showed that the validity of the structure was confirmed for five underlying factors (boundaries) and 164 items for their measurement. The results of comparing the boundaries between normal and on the verge of divorce families confirm the structural validity and the resolution of the questionnaire between normal and abnormal families. The psychometric properties of the Family Boundaries Questionnaire showed; the 164-item questionnaire has good validity and reliability.

This study aimed to determine the burnout of Real Estate consultants based on communication skills and stress management strategies. The research design was descriptive and correlational. The study population included all real estate consultants in District 7 of Tehran in the first half of 2020. Among them, selected 120 through the available sampling method. To collected data, used Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) stress coping strategies, Maslach's burnout (1986), and Queen Dam's (2004) communication skills questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS23 software and Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between burnout and coping skills and communication skills. Thus, it is possible to predict burnout according to t = 4.64 in problem-solving strategy, t = 3.25 in emotion-oriented approach, and t = 4.27 in communication skills. Therefore, it is recommended to help reduce burnout in this group by providing practical training in increasing communication skills and problem-oriented stress coping strategies and reducing emotion-centered stress coping strategies.

The purpose of this study was to provide a framework for designing a 4H life skills questionnaire. In this study, 16 components and 135 items were counted by reviewing valid articles in the field of 4H life skills. These components included decision making, creative thinking, critical thinking, goal setting, problem solving, self-awareness, management, communication, collaboration, available skills, social skills, self-responsibility, work ethic, self-esteem, consideration for others, and healthy living skills. 

The present study was conducted with the aim of constructing and investigating the factor structure of students' research engagement questionnaire. The research method was survey and the statistical population includes all of the postgraduate students of humanities faculty (Literature and Humanities, Islamic Theology and Science, Sport Sciences, Education and Psychology, Administrative and Economic Sciences) at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (N=3199). Using Cochran formula, the sample size was estimated to be 343 student. The participants were selected by stratified random sampling. The theoretical model Linnenbrink and Pintrich (2002) was determined as the basis of scale construction. This model includes three components of cognitive, emotional, and leadership engagement. SPSS and AMOS software are used for data analysis. Content validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient to check the reliability. The results showed that the alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.89 and for cognitive (0.80), emotional (0.73) and behavioral (0.76). Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 8 experts of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (based on CVI) and inappropriate items were removed. Goodness indicators confirmed the fit of the model. According to the research results the research engagement questionnaire had good internal consistency and validity and this questionnaire can be used in research.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor validity of the "Establishment of distance education system in rural areas" questionnaire with emphasis on confirmatory factor analysis. The research method was a series of exploratory explorations. In the qualitative part of the study, content analysis with inductive approach was used. Research environment in this section, 84 documents including 67 articles and books, 17 texts of interviews in the field of distance education that were selected as a sample, the components obtained in this research include 7 main components including management and leadership infrastructure, Economic infrastructure, technical infrastructure, educational infrastructure, socio-cultural and value infrastructure, organizational infrastructure and human infrastructure and 25 sub-components. The relative content validity coefficient was used to assess the validity and the Holsti coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the themes. The extracted reliability coefficient was 0.98 which indicated the high reliability of the themes. In the quantitative part, 290 members of the sample were selected by Cochran method and stratified random sampling method. The research tool was a 70-item researcher-made questionnaire. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, face, content and structural validity were used, and to assess its reliability, Cronbach's alpha with a value of 0.90 was used. According to the relative chi-square fit indices, adaptive fit, adaptive fitting and barbell, the model had a good fit. Finally, the factor validity of the "Establishment of distance education system in rural areas" questionnaire was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis.

The present study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of students' academic engagement questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is all students of Allameh Tabataba'i University in the academic year 2016-2017. The sample size was determined using the method of determining the sample size in the structural equation modeling (N = 550). The research method is correlation. The data gathering tool was Gunuc, S., & Kuzu's questionnaire (2015), which was distributed among the research samples purposefully. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmation and main components analysis. The results showed that the scale was composed of six components and 48 items that identified 61.3% of the variance of students' academic engagement after the removal of 6 items through exploratory analysis. Also, verification of the confirmatory factor analysis parameters showed that the students' academic engagement model was fitted with six factors and acceptable indices and it can be used to measure the degree of academic engagement of students.

Marital silence is one of the things that can be related to divorce. Marital silence is to refrain from expressing opinions and expectations about marital problems and passively accepting conflicts and suppressing emotions in themselves. Measuring marital silence is important due to the use of reliable and reliable instruments and in view of the increasing rate of divorce in Iran. This study was conducted with the aim of building the validity of marital silence questionnaire. The present study is a correlation study. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study included couples referring to the courts and counseling centers of Kermanshah city. Among the target population, 280 were selected by random sampling method. The research instrument was a 36-question questionnaire. The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and using the WEYMAX statistical software. The first component (communication skills) has the highest correlation with other components, and the highest correlation between the first components (communication skills) with the second component (fear of exposure) with the correlation coefficient is 0.711. Other components (doubts and distrust, interest in the spouse, cultural and educational obstacles and children) have high and significant correlations. The result of marital silence questionnaire showed that it has good reliability and validity. The questionnaire can also be used in consultation with clients and in clinical trials to measure the concentration of people.

The purpose of this qualitative-quantitative research (mixed) was Establishing and Accreditation of Entrepreneur's Educational System Questionnaire in technical and vocational schools. First, using interviews with entrepreneurship professors and Delphi technique the primary questionnaire were obtained and presented for quantitative evaluation. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained. Statistical population of this research were 1- Entrepreneurship specialists from different universities of the country In the qualitative section and 2- teachers of technical vocational schools In the Quantitative section .were used purposeful sampling In the qualitative section, cluster sampling method In the Quantitative section. The results of the research using exploratory factor analysis and confirmation and modification of the qualitative section results showed that Entrepreneur's Educational System Questionnaire in technical and vocational schools, is Multidimensional tool with 9 factors and 59 sub-components, The percentage of variance and specific value are as follows: entrepreneurship education, psychological characteristics of students, academic and professional counseling, leadership style, management and organization of vocational schools, communication with industry and commercial and managerial skills, content, development of entrepreneurship skills in learners, space and educational equipment, and teaching methods. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to test the tool. Structural validity was calculated using the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis, and fit model tests and reliability of subscales using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

The purpose this research was to examine the validity and reliability of questionnaire on teachers’ work life quality. This research was conducted in the form of descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional method. The statistical population included all 2747 secondary school teachers in Tabriz in 2016 that were selected through cluster random sampling method. The sample size was determined as 340 individuals according to Routes and Error Formula. The measurement tool included the Questionnaire of Teachers’ Work Life Quality Ilgan et al. (2014). Next, the data were analyzed using Spss20 and Amos24 software. The results showed that the concerned questionnaire had acceptable level of face and content validity (0.87). In the case of reliability, it was found that the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient was more than 0.61. Furthermore, the Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient was 0.97 and Test-Retest Correlation Coefficient was located in the range of 0.65 to 0.89. The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis showed that 5 factors could explain about %77 of the total variance. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis represented the appropriate fitness of information with the five-component structure (P

Due to the wide range of executive functions, Existing questionnaires measure some aspects of these functions. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF )has a greater comprehensiveness and it's made based on the latest insights on executive functions.

The purpose of this study was to validate of this questionnaire in Iranian society.

This research is descriptive, a sample of 516 people was selected by a cluster sampling method from Tehran, East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan and Kurdistan provinces. In this way, the final sample was reduced to 441 subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.

The present inventory consists of eight scales and from the combination of these eight scales the behavioral indicator and cognitive index are obtained. Finally, by combining the score of 8 scales, the total score of the BRIEF test is obtained. The results show that calculated Cronbach's alpha for 8 scales of the questionnaire is between 68 to 86. Also, calculated Cronbach's alpha for behavioral adjustment index, cognitive index and total score of BRIEF questionnaire were 0.86, 0.89, and 0.93 .

According to the findings of this study the brief questionnaire in Iranian society has a desirable credibility as a tool for evaluating executive functions and It is used in research and clinical work as a valid tool.

The purpose of this study was construct and validate a questionnaire to measure personal epistemology in children. Accordingly, the 44 question with Likert scoring method was designed to have three options. Face and content validity was assessed through the survey of 10 experts and its reliability, through the implementation of 50 students to retest interval of one month, was calculated 0/72. Then, the questionnaire was administered on 472 students (217 males and 255 females) and using factor analysis with varimax rotation method revealed five factors with higher eigenvalues: simple knowledge, certain knowledge, source of knowledge, product of knowing and justification of knowing. In order to determine validity and reliability of the scale respectively, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach alpha coefficients were used. Results of Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the proposed five-factor structure. Also, the total score for internal consistency through Cronbach’s alpha, was 0/85. According to the results, the scale has acceptable reliability and validity and can be used as an applicable instrument in assessing personal epistemology in children.