اخلاق

The purpose of the present research is to design a model of professional ethics based on the components of the sermon of the professors of Islamic Azad University of North Khorasan province. In terms of practical purpose, the present research is a method of collecting descriptive survey data and the nature of the research is of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the research includes the experts (experts and senior managers) of the Islamic Azad University of North Khorasan province, who have sufficient expertise and experience in the field of the research topic, and using the targeted method and theoretical saturation, 14 experts were selected as a sample for the interview. Research data was collected from semi-structured interview tool. In order to analyze the data, the foundational data approach was used, in this section, concepts were considered as the unit of analysis, and by separating the interview text into elements with messages inside the lines or paragraphs, an attempt was made to extract open codes. Due to the multitude of extracted concepts, they were refined several times and finally 99 key concepts were extracted and 20 categories were obtained by classifying them and in the form of 9 main categories including individual characteristics, attitudes, organizational characteristics, limitations, micro strategies, macro strategies, individual consequences. , the environmental consequences and the practical orientation of the creation of professional ethics were placed based on the components of Hammam's sermon. Also, the ranking of the research variables showed that personal and environmental consequences with an average rank of 2.63 are the first priority. Limitations are in the second priority, the practical tendency of creation to professional ethics based on the components of the Hammam sermon is in the third priority, individual and organizational characteristics are in the fourth priority, micro and macro strategies are in the fifth priority, and attitudes with an average rank of 2.38 are in the last priority.

Ethical leadership in organizations, particularly in educational centers and institutions, plays a pivotal role in fulfilling functions and achieving desired objectives. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the perceived ethical leadership of school principals in the city of Isfahan from the perspective of teachers. This research is descriptive-survey in nature, with the statistical population comprising teachers in Isfahan. Using Cochran's formula and cluster random sampling, 313 participants were selected as the sample. Data were collected using the standard ethical leadership questionnaire by Kalshoven et al. (2011) with 38 items across seven components. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through face and construct validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated at 0.89 using Cronbach's alpha for ethical leadership. Data analysis was performed at both descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS and Amos Graphics software. The results indicated that the status of ethical leadership of principals, from the teachers' perspective, is above average. This means that the school principals under study are in a favorable condition regarding public orientation, ethical guidance, role clarity, integrity, concern for stability, power sharing, and fairness. Additionally, a significant difference was found in teachers' perception of ethical leadership styles based on their years of service.

Ethics is one of the basic competencies in the "Table of Detailed Objectives,". It is one of the core competencies of the principles governing the curricula of the education system, with special emphasis placed on educating students with these two characteristics. The importance of training ethics-oriented forces should be sought in different fields in the educational environment, including improving relationships among students, improving the quality of education, and increasing positive behaviors in the educational environment. These are issues that can be implemented through the application of a system of moral education in a practical way in the school environment. It seems that the most important feature of the field of moral education in the public formal education system is the characteristic of avoiding planning. Therefore, to fill this research gap and reduce this negative characteristic in the curriculum of moral education, the present study can play an important role in the development and promotion of the curriculum of moral education, especially in the secondary education system of Golestan province.

The goal of the present study is to present an applied model of ethics in the formal and public education system.

In the current study, a qualitative approach was used employing the grounded theory method to present and validate the applied model of ethics in the formal and general education system in Golestan province. The in-depth text interview method was used to collect data. Interviews were conducted with teachers and managers of education and schools in Golestan province, the output of which was to collect qualitative data to analyze information and identify and validate the applied model of ethics in the educational system. Based on this, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 13 managers. The research population in the quantitative part included the students of the first secondary school in Golestan province, and based on the Cochran formula, the sample size was estimated to be 383 people. Qualitative data analysis of the study was done through thematic analysis in MAXQDA software. In this plan, the steps of qualitative data analysis have been done through open identification and axial identification. Considering that in this study, the main dimensions and related components were identified, in the open identification stage, the concepts were identified and expanded according to their characteristics. In the quantitative part, according to the research questions, descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used. In the inferential method, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, SPSSv software, confirmatory factor analysis, and average variance from Smart- PLS were used. In the partial least squares technique, F2 effect size index, R2 determination coefficient, Q2 index, and GOF statistic were usually used.

The results of this study showed that in relation to the themes of the applied ethics-oriented model, there are a total of 397 themes in 7 domains, including the cognitive domain, the emotional domain, the skill and management domain, the planning and knowledge domain, the thinking and ability domain, the individual and personality domain, and the domain of attitude and religious beliefs. In the quantitative part (questionnaire), according to the predetermined components based on scientific theories, only eight components were confirmed: respect for others, striving for excellence and competition, seeking respect for social values and norms, social compatibility, personal compatibility, moral courage, honesty, and justice. In connection with Golestan province's actions, various things such as planning, setting goals, achieving ethics, education methods, enjoining what is good and forbidding what is bad, creating motivation, interactions, and responsibility have been introduced to apply ethical issues and components. Each of these includes the concepts that are described separately in the column related to the concepts. Also, the results showed that the independent components examined in the questionnaire have a significant relationship with the variable of the applied ethics model (dependent). This means that by improving the above components in the organization, the implementation rate of the applied ethics model will increase and improve.

The self-acceptance component was the strongest predictor of social components and beliefs and ethics; therefore, those who are more social, have stronger religious beliefs, and are more moral, have more acceptance towards their personality and have higher practical ethics. Also, the component of mastery of applied ethics is the strongest predictor of devotional, family, thinking, science, and financial components. In other words, paying attention to religious and financial actions based on lifestyle and having a supportive family, and paying attention to the issue of thinking and science and valuing it by teachers, increases their mastery over their surroundings and ultimately leads to more practical ethics in them. Religious beliefs as the axis of lifestyle have a positive role in practical ethics. In a general pattern, it can be stated that religious beliefs and practices of individuals as well as their families play an important and effective role in the well-being of their practical ethics, especially for peo

Ethics is one of the basic competencies in the "Table of Detailed Objectives,". It is one of the core competencies of the principles governing the curricula of the education system, with special emphasis placed on educating students with these two characteristics. The importance of training ethics-oriented forces should be sought in different fields in the educational environment, including improving relationships among students, improving the quality of education, and increasing positive behaviors in the educational environment. These are issues that can be implemented through the application of a system of moral education in a practical way in the school environment. It seems that the most important feature of the field of moral education in the public formal education system is the characteristic of avoiding planning. Therefore, to fill this research gap and reduce this negative characteristic in the curriculum of moral education, the present study can play an important role in the development and promotion of the curriculum of moral education, especially in the secondary education system of Golestan province.

The goal of the present study is to present an applied model of ethics in the formal and public education system.

In the current study, a qualitative approach was used employing the grounded theory method to present and validate the applied model of ethics in the formal and general education system in Golestan province. The in-depth text interview method was used to collect data. Interviews were conducted with teachers and managers of education and schools in Golestan province, the output of which was to collect qualitative data to analyze information and identify and validate the applied model of ethics in the educational system. Based on this, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 13 managers. The research population in the quantitative part included the students of the first secondary school in Golestan province, and based on the Cochran formula, the sample size was estimated to be 383 people. Qualitative data analysis of the study was done through thematic analysis in MAXQDA software. In this plan, the steps of qualitative data analysis have been done through open identification and axial identification. Considering that in this study, the main dimensions and related components were identified, in the open identification stage, the concepts were identified and expanded according to their characteristics. In the quantitative part, according to the research questions, descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used. In the inferential method, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, SPSSv software, confirmatory factor analysis, and average variance from Smart- PLS were used. In the partial least squares technique, F2 effect size index, R2 determination coefficient, Q2 index, and GOF statistic were usually used.

The results of this study showed that in relation to the themes of the applied ethics-oriented model, there are a total of 397 themes in 7 domains, including the cognitive domain, the emotional domain, the skill and management domain, the planning and knowledge domain, the thinking and ability domain, the individual and personality domain, and the domain of attitude and religious beliefs. In the quantitative part (questionnaire), according to the predetermined components based on scientific theories, only eight components were confirmed: respect for others, striving for excellence and competition, seeking respect for social values and norms, social compatibility, personal compatibility, moral courage, honesty, and justice. In connection with Golestan province's actions, various things such as planning, setting goals, achieving ethics, education methods, enjoining what is good and forbidding what is bad, creating motivation, interactions, and responsibility have been introduced to apply ethical issues and components. Each of these includes the concepts that are described separately in the column related to the concepts. Also, the results showed that the independent components examined in the questionnaire have a significant relationship with the variable of the applied ethics model (dependent). This means that by improving the above components in the organization, the implementation rate of the applied ethics model will increase and improve.

The self-acceptance component was the strongest predictor of social components and beliefs and ethics; therefore, those who are more social, have stronger religious beliefs, and are more moral, have more acceptance towards their personality and have higher practical ethics. Also, the component of mastery of applied ethics is the strongest predictor of devotional, family, thinking, science, and financial components. In other words, paying attention to religious and financial actions based on lifestyle and having a supportive family, and paying attention to the issue of thinking and science and valuing it by teachers, increases their mastery over their surroundings and ultimately leads to more practical ethics in them. Religious beliefs as the axis of lifestyle have a positive role in practical ethics. In a general pattern, it can be stated that religious beliefs and practices of individuals as well as their families play an important and effective role in the well-being of their practical ethics, especially for people who have a sensitive, boring, and stressful job, and this issue can have a significant effect on reducing their practical ethicsple who have a sensitive, boring, and stressful job, and this issue can have a significant effect on reducing their practical ethics

Professional ethics is a significant category in the field of e-learning, which is very important and has attracted the attention of many experts in educational sciences. Based on this, the purpose of this research was to investigate the level of familiarity of teachers with the principles of professional ethics in e-learning.

This research was descriptive-survey type. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the teachers of the first secondary level of Chabahar city, Teachers were 189 people, and 123 participants were selected from among the teachers by simple random method and using Morgan's table. The research tool was a questionnaire familiarizing professional ethics in e-learning with a reliability of 0.85 and the method of data analysis was using a sample t-test.

The results showed that the level of teachers' familiarity with the dimension of intellectual property, the dimension of destruction and the dimension of privacy of professional ethics in e-learning was medium to high.

It can be concluded that teachers are familiar with the principles of professional ethics in e-learning and this capacity can be used to improve the teaching and learning process

The discussion about the issue of ethics and politics and its relationship has been of interest for a long time; In such a way that there have been disagreements and disagreements, and even conflicting opinions. The purpose of this article is to examine Imam Khomeini's view as a politician, jurist, philosopher and mystic of the present era, about the relationship between ethics and politics, and the question is, what is the inner logic of Imam's theory about this relationship? Therefore, the present research has focused on Imam Khomeini's thought, by conducting a descriptive-analytical research in a library method, and has examined the internal logic of his ideas with the analytical model of Thomas Spriggans.According to the findings of this research, the main axis of the internal logic of Imam Khomeini's views on ethics and politics and the relationship between the two is his Islamic worldview, and the main foundation of the Imam's worldview is the principles of Islam (especially the principle of monotheism). Imam Khomeini considers ethics and politics to be a supreme value and worship, which are the cause of human excellence and happiness and the prelude to his reaching the ultimate goal of creation. In Imam's worldview, reaching the truth of monotheism and monotheism is defined as the main goal of creation and the cause of human happiness, and this is the goal and duty of ethics and politics. As a result, the relationship between ethics and politics is an absolute, necessary and unique relationship. Based on the analysis of Imam Khomeini's views in the form of Spriggan's analytical model, the Imam believes that the solution to the existing crises is the creation of unity between ethics and politics, and in a word, the rule of Islam over all aspects of human life in the world.

Achieving a religion-oriented lifestyle depends on complying with moral requirements. One of the main sources of statistics on the principles of ethics in the family is religious sources. This research was carried out with the aim of conceptualizing ethics in the family from the perspective of Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him) in the book of Sajjadiyeh. In terms of the purpose, the present research is applied and with a qualitative approach and content analysis method, which was done by arm-centered coding. In the stage of open coding, fifty-four prayers of the book of Sajjadiyeh with the theme of ethics in the family and life of the Holy Prophet were examined in a library method, and the result of open and central coding reached (118) codes and (12) sub-categories and (4) categories. It was the main one based on which the model of ethics in the family was conceptualized. The findings of the research were organized into four main categories including: moral approaches of uncles in the family, special ethical approach in spousal relationships, interaction of parents with children and special ethical approaches of children's interaction with parents. General moral principles in the family include four components: "loving behavior", "forgiveness", "cooperation and joint efforts" and "mutual respect". The moral approaches of couples' relationships were conceptualized based on the central component of "tolerance and compatibility". Parents are ordered to observe the "results of upbringing", "preservation and care", and "supervision" in relation to their children, and the components of children's moral approaches in relation to parents include; And goodness, "support", "obedience", and "care". The findings of this research can be used in the educational and educational policies of cultural-educational institutions such as family, education, university and media.

Background and Objectives:

 The main goal of this article was to design a conceptual model of university professors' perception and attitude towards the curriculum of moral education in the elementary school and its validation from the teachers' point of view.

The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation method, it was mixed qualitatively and quantitatively. The statistical population in the qualitative part included professors in the field of education and training and in the quantitative part all the teachers of the second year of elementary school in districts one and two of Kerman city in the academic year of 1402-1401. The studied sample was used in the qualitative part of the purposive sampling method, in the quantitative part of the enumeration method. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and questionnaires in the quantitative part. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part, Strauss and Corbin's three-step method was used, and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were used. In order to ensure the validity and reliability of the qualitative part, Guba and Lincoln's method was used, which includes the four indicators of acceptability, transferability, reliability, and verifiability.

The findings showed that 13 main categories and 33 subcategories were identified. Then a questionnaire was designed to validate the model. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.92) and validity (form and content) based on the opinions of professors in the field of education and using the sigma counting method (0.85). In the quantitative part, the results of structural equation analysis while confirming the fit of the model showed that all 13 examined categories have a significant effect on the moral education curriculum

According to the results of this survey, it is possible to help improve students' performance through this model.

The document of fundamental change in education of the Islamic Republic of Iran was the first step in policy-making of the Islamic system to realize the moral ideals of the education system of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, which shows the depth of the foundations of education in Islam and high-level documents, including the Constitution. Be. Concepts and manifestations of ethics and education The document of fundamental change in education of the Islamic Republic of Iran is all rooted in faith in God Almighty and monotheistic lifestyle (Hayat Taybeh) and the theoretical and practical life of people trained in the divine school of the Holy Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him). And the Ahl al-Bayt, infallibility and purity (peace be upon them) are well reflected in it.

The present study was conducted with the aim of analysing the components of the moral education curriculum in the elementary school and providing an ideal model.

The method of this research is a mixed exploratory strategy that is qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population in the qualitative part included professors in the field of education and in the quantitative part all the teachers of the second year of elementary school in districts one and two of Kerman city in the academic year of 2022-2023. The studied sample chosen in the qualitative part through the purposive sampling method, and in the quantitative part through the total population sampling method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the field of education at Shahid Bahonar University and Farhangian University of Kerman in 2022; in the quantitative part was the questionnaire extracted from the interview results. In the qualitative part, in order to analyze the data, the three-step method of Strauss and Corbin (2006) was used, and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were used. In order to ensure the validity and reliability of the qualitative part, Guba and Lincoln’s (1985) method was used, which includes the four indicators of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.

The findings showed that 13 main categories and 33 subcategories were identified. Then a questionnaire was designed to validate the model. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha (0.92) and its (form and content) validity was calculated based on the opinions of professors in the field of education and using the sigma counting method (0.85). In the quantitative part, the results of the analysis of structural equations, while confirming the fit of the model, showed that all 33 investigated components have a significant effect on the program.

According to the results of this survey and by focusing on the moral education curriculum model, it is possible to help improve the moral education of elementary school students.

Ethics and moral education is one of the basic pillars of human culture and due to its important role in the destiny of man and society, This research was conducted with a qualitative approach through the analysis of the content of the interviews using the descriptive and interpretive method using the theme network analysis method and the school factors effective on moral education were extracted. The participants of the research were selected as a clear sampling with the principle of maximum diversity (17 primary school teachers). A semi-structured interview method was used to collect the data, and the researcher's review method was used to validate the data. After analyzing and classifying the data into 82 basic themes (the teacher's patience and resilience, the teacher's mastery of the content, moral discussions, imitating peers, establishing moral regulations, etc.); 11. The theme of the organizer (cognitive characteristic of the teacher, personality and moral characteristics of the teacher, the way of interaction with students, the value of the content, etc.); 5 overarching themes (teacher, content, school environment and classroom layout, peer group and school regulations) drove them.

In the third millennium, professional ethics is one of the main concerns of managers in organizations. The present study aimed to design a conceptual model of professional ethics in primary school principals in Fars province.

The approach of this qualitative research and research tool has been exploratory and semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of this study included all principals of primary schools in Fars province who were purposefully selected by the method of key experts and using the method of theoretical saturation. The data collection tool was an open interview with the participants.

Using the results of the review of the theoretical foundations and background of the research, the data obtained from interviews with school principals (focus group) and data were collected in a synchronization manner and analyzed using the content analysis method; To validate the data, methods of feedback to participants, researcher review and stance, and alignment with scientific sources and key educational documents were used. After deleting the common codes, 121 items were extracted from the basic themes (codes and key points of the text), then based on the existing similarity (content, composition and summary), it was reduced to 6 organizing themes.

The results showed that according to the principals of junior high school, the components of professional ethics have a significant impact on the behavior of school principals.

It is essential to pay attention to the moral standards of employees in the police command of the Islamic Republic of Iran. One of the most important priorities in society is to create and maintain a proper image of the police in order to attract people's participation. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of ethical standards on the performance of employees in order to prevent crimes by employees of the Tehran Metropolitan Police Command.

In this research, descriptive and survey research methods have been used. The cases of the study are 151 faculty members of the University of Applied Sciences, teachers and education managers of the municipality district 2, researchers, researchers and experts of knowledge-based companies and the private sector in 2021. The data has been collected and evaluated using a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaires was determined based on content validity using the opinions of professors and experts in this field, and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.82). Descriptive statistics and path analysis using SPSS software were used to analyze the data.

The findings indicate that the effect of ethical standards on employee performance and crime prevention is positive and significant. The regression coefficient has been used in order to investigate the predictability of ethical standards variables in three areas: belief ethics, individual ethics and ethics in organizational mission.

According to the findings, it can be concluded that the role of managers and police commanders of Tehran Metropolitan has priority over the performance of the employees of the Tehran Metropolitan Police Command, and they should be the pioneers of practical observance of ethical principles as a model for others.

Achieving the ideals of the second step of the revolution requires drivers such as spirituality and ethics in order to implement the second step of the revolution with the spiritual soul and moral spirit. For this purpose, this research aims to provide a conceptual model of spirituality and ethics to implement the statement of the second step of the revolution in the armed forces based on the thoughts of the Supreme Leader.

In terms of its objectives this study is an applied research type in terms of its approach it is qualitative, and the data analysis method is directional qualitative content analysis. The tool used is MAXQDA specialized software, based on which Imam Khamenei's statements were analyzed and coded.

After analyzing statements from 1989 to 2021 in the field of spirituality and ethics and performing three stages of coding, 93 codes, 35 subcategories, and 7 categories were counted in this research, and the reliability of the findings was calculated using Holstein's method.

The results of coding in Imam Khamenei's statements in the field of spirituality and ethics led to the formation of two main dimensions: external profiles and internal profiles, which guide decision-makers and planners in the field of spirituality and ethics in the second step of the revolution, and according to the causal, contextual and mediating conditions, a strategy was formulated and the final model was presented based on it.

In today's societies, with the advancement of technology and increasing social pressures, family relationships and the transfer of moral values to the new generation have been challenged, and to solve this challenge, the competences of mothers in shaping moral values and correct social relationships as the first and most influential teachers in life Persons should not be neglected. Therefore, studying the ways of life of mothers who are superior of Believer in monotheism , like Hazrat Zahra (PBUH) and carefully examining the values and teachings they teach us can be very effective in strengthening moral values and improving social relations. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the role of mothers' competence in the development of morals and correct social communication, emphasizing the life of Hazrat Zahra (PBUH) as an outstanding model for monotheistic mothers. The research method is library study and content analysis of Islamic and historical sources.The obtained results show. In the Islamic perspective, the basic development of ethics in human societies is formed only in the shadow of monotheistic belief, and mothers are not exempt from this issue. The monotheistic mother considers the one God as the only creator of the universe and puts obedience to him at the top of all her affairs; Therefore, his social relations are defined only in the direction of the satisfaction and servitude of the Almighty God. By looking at the life of Hazrat Zahra (pbuh), it became clear that monotheism gives mothers the possibility to present the best morals and behavior in the society by adhering to the verses, traditions and practices of the Masoomin (pbuh), to be a good role model for their children and also by strengthening religious beliefs from childhood, to institutionalize monotheism in children and be effective in the development of morals and correct social communication.

In cogitatione recenti, metanarrationes negantur et nulla veritas aeterna et aeterna est quae vitam humanam uti idealem potest regere. Mores relativi existimant et omnia bona, etiam religiosa, intellectualia esse oriuntur, verbaque ut veritas repudianda est. Propositum huius inquisitionis est opportunitates et minas recentismi enucleare ex parte valorum ethicorum et religiosorum. Modus adhibitus in hac investigatione theoretica est accessus qualitativus analytico-criticus et usus systematis categorici inductiva. Inventiones ostendunt religionem et religiosam et moralem bona et ad res fixas reverti posse magni ponderis momentum, ut recentem ab his quaestionibus liberaret. res supernaturalis et moralis res ad homines refertur, quae per culturam et communicationem inter homines determinatur. Sed recte res est, quod religio potest esse fundamentum moralitatis ac fideiussoris, religio potest facile condere disciplinas morales et ferro validas. Officia moralia hominum immutabilia sunt coram Deo et, dum considerantur officia, fortasse populus intellectualis recentioris aetatis obicere potest haec difficilia et gravia officia eorumque exsecutionem hominibus impossibilia esse, at sciendum est. Deum ex facultate Hominis munus illis assignare.. In the modern theory, emphasis is placed on the effects of leadership and the study of the legal position of the leader in the bureaucracy, but in Franvin, the focus is on how the leadership process is. In educational organizations of the postmodern era, the focus is on empowering human resources. The purpose of this research is to analyze the opportunities and threats of postmodernism from the point of view of ethics and religious values, emphasizing the implications for educational managers.