تحلیل محتوای کیفی

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective factors on the educational program of fourth - generation universities in Iran with Meta-Synthetizing approach.The research method is qualitative content analysis and applied purpose. Research participants included scholars on academic entrepreneurship and academic professors in the country. To carry out the interview and obtaining the necessary information on the issue of research, 17 people were completely inaccurate and using theoretical targeted techniques. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were used. The identified factors in the form of 237 semantic expressions and 24 open codes were inserted and 7 axial codes were used and The Kappa method was used to measure the reliability and quality control of the present study. The kappa coefficient calculated by SPSS software is 25 times 0.772, which is at the level of excellent agreement. The results showed that factors affecting the fourth-generation universities program included; The educational approach based on counterparts, practical training, facilitating simulated opportunities, attention to group learning methods, self-directed learning, exploratory learning activities, and new methods of teaching was.

The field of curriculum, as an epistemological field or one of the specialized fields of the field of education, was identified in 1918 with the publication of Franklin Bobitt's curriculum book. And in Iran, it was established in 1365 and at Khwarazmi University of Tehran, by accepting students in the master's degree in curriculum studies. The most important definition of curriculum is the recognition, prediction, organization and shaping of educational activities in the field of learning for students. Lexically, it is rooted in the Latin word currere, which means a racecourse or a field for running. Curriculums, like a competition field, which has a clear and defined beginning and end, require a well-defined and predefined beginning, end, and route. In general, curriculum refers to that scientific field that includes the following areas: 1- Curriculum basics 2- Curriculum engineering 3- Curriculum implementation 4- Curriculum change 5- Curriculum evaluation 6- Curriculum history 7 - Curriculum research (2019, Fathivajargah). While curriculum theory is considered an important part of curriculum from the dominant point of view of scholars in this field, it seems that many decision makers and decision makers of educational systems have ignored this importance. Even some administrators have institutionalized this misconception that curriculum theory has nothing to do with their daily decisions (Glatthorn, 2005). . (1992) admitted that the history of the field of curriculum has been neglected and most of the history of education has been considered. This (historical poverty) has led to theoretical poverty in the field of curriculum. History educates today's people, and today's people create tomorrow's history. In fact, today's people are indebted to yesterday's history and responsible for tomorrow's history, and for this reason, history is one of the most appropriate means of guiding and educating people (Bjorklund & Sandahl, 2023). An important point is that few historical researches have been done in the field of curriculum studies in Iran, and they have mainly focused on curriculum planning in the field of education and training, and have paid less attention to the field of curriculum studies itself. As an example of curriculum architecture research in Iran, the result of Mosapor et al (2015) and Khoshi at al (2019) research, although it was very comprehensive, but it was in the field of education and paid less attention to curriculum as an academic discipline. Is. In fact, one of the most important topics related to the field of curriculum is to examine the process of formation of intellectual groups and trends in the field of curriculum in Iran. Intellectual groups and intellectual currents in this research refer to those who base their work on a specific procedure and point of view and conduct research and authoring based on the same. On the other hand, examining the developments and the historical course of curriculum streams and groups is a necessity that many countries, including Iran, have realized its importance for a long time, but have paid less attention to it from a research and historical perspective. The field of curriculum studies in Iran was first formed by translating the classic works of key theorists of the field of curriculum studies, and the translation of the works of Tyler, Beauchamp, Klein and other theorists was a priority. This tradition of translation is still in force, only instead of translating classic works and Tyler, now most of the works of neophyte experts are given priority. In this part of the research, it is important to mention two points. Although these currents have a specific origin at the time of their formation and each one was formed in a specific period, but these currents have continued to exist with strength and weakness, and it is not the case that a current was formed in a specific period and has ended, in other words, no flow has stopped and is still going on. For example, the classical flow of the field of curriculum studies and Tyler's works can still be seen in the works of many researchers, and the basis of the research is many experts in the field of curriculum studies. The second point of currents and groups of thought is that this trend and evolution can also be seen in experts in the field of curriculum studies, that is, experts with experience in the field of curriculum studies, first discussed classical theories and then applied this trend in They have continued their work and are currently engaged in researches on neo-realism and localization in the field of curriculum studies. And the last important issue is that researchers and professors have changed over time and even some respected professors have criticized their past views. For example, Dr. Fathi Vajargah calls himself advanced, middle and late Fathi. These few lines show the necessity of doing research in this field. Based on the purpose of the research, the researcher sought to discover the currents of curriculum studies in Iran. In order to achieve the results, he has acted in the way mentioned in the following research.The aim of the article was to study the formation process of intellectual groups and currents of curriculum studies in Iran.A qualitative research project that uses two library methods (studying documents) and qualitative analysis (inductive).The statistical field has been used in the library method, documents related to the field, and using the tool of data extraction and the resource extraction questionnaire. The statistical field in the second method was experts and university professors in the field of curriculum studies in Iran, who were selected using the snowball sampling method, and data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The number of samples until saturation was 15 people. Then, the data was coded using thematic analysis method and finally the analysis was done using the Claizari method. The validity and reliability of the research was checked and confirmed based on reliability, transferability, generality and verifiability of the indicators.The obtained results show that the most important currents and intellectual groups after the formation of curriculum studies in Iran, respectively: classical, cognitive process, intellectual practice, comparative studies, new technology, neo-realism, methods It has been new, localization and modernization.

Maintaining the economic security of the society requires the implementation of the appropriate economic ideas and perspectives of intellectuals. Paying attention to this importance caused the naming of different years by the Supreme Leader from 2009 to 2017 directly to the economy and then to 2023 to the production which is the basis of the economy. This article was developed with the aim of explaining the economic point of view of the Supreme Leader.
This applied research was conducted qualitatively with thematic analysis of documents. The studied documents are all economic statements of the Supreme Leader from 2008 onwards, which are indexed in the information base of the Supreme Leader's office. These statements were studied with related keywords. The sample size is at the limit of theoretical and thematic saturation. The validity of the research was checked and confirmed with the credibility criterion and its reliability with the reliability criterion.
After coding 188 statements of the Supreme Leader regarding the economy and removing duplicates, 124 basic themes were obtained, which were categorized into 21 organizing themes and finally 6 comprehensive themes.
Based on the themes obtained, the supreme leader's economic views have been presented in a pattern including 6 dimensions of consumption, prevention of extravagance, production, knowledge-based economy, resistive economics, and control and supervision (accurate financial transparency and discipline).

The rapid progress and changes in technology, the increasing use of smart devices, multimedia and Internet, and on the other hand, the epidemic of Covid-19, have directed educational systems towards virtual education and hybrid models such as flipped learning. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and classifying the challenges of flipped learning implementation. This study is a qualitative research with inductive content analysis approach; and its statistical population includes two groups. The first group includes a collection of articles that were related to the purpose of the research. At this stage, articles were searched from scientific journals and reliable databases such as: Noormags, Magiran and SID in Persian language between 1393-1401; and search in foreign databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, Wiley, ERIC, and Google Scholar in English between 2013-2022. The keywords were: "flipped learning", "flipped instruction", "flipped classroom", "challenges", "barriers". After the initial search of the mentioned databases, a total of 1113 sources with the indicated keywords were obtained. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 100 scientific research articles were purposefully selected for analysis. In addition to the systematic review of the articles, in order to identify more and more precisely the challenges and ensure the findings from the articles, the second group of the statistical community, that includes professors and educational experts, in the fields of educational technology , educational management, lesson planning, educational psychology and teachers who implemented the flipped learning model were referred; Among them, 15 people were selected purposefully; And they were interviewed online. The results show that the implementation challenges of flipped learning can be identified in 8 categories. Challenges related to: the learner, teacher and school, content, instruction, family, managerial and operational, ethical and security and technical and technological

The world community is currently experiencing a fourth industrial revolution (4IR), which is established on the third industrial revolution (digital revolution) and the convergence of technologies. This movement blurs the lines between physical, digital, and biological technologies. In fact, digitalization is the backbone of the 4IR, through which different technologies and disciplines of science converge, leading to the emergence of new sciences and technologies, such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, IoT, and big data technologies. In a general process, the phenomenon of the 4IR brings about great changes in various aspects of life, including new working styles, new technologies, and new products, which are all driven by and receptive to creativity. One of the most important elements of higher education is the curriculum, which is the basis for the formation of learning. In the era of the 4IR, due to the profound effects brought about, challenges presented by, and opportunities afforded by the evolving technologies, curricula play a crucial role in adapting students to the accelerating pace of technological changes. Higher education curricula need to work in tandem with the wave of changes introduced by the 4IR. In this regard, higher education curricula are expected to help students, as an important part of the society and workforce, develop the knowledge, abilities, and skills needed to live and work in the era of the 4IR. The passivity of the curriculum in the face of this revolution gives grounds for backwardness. In view of the above and given the importance of higher education curricula, studying curricula from different perspectives and aspects is vital. Therefore, in the present study, the characteristics of higher education curricula in the era of the 4IR are laid out and discussed.

This study employed a qualitative content analysis that involved the inductive approach. The statistical population of the study included valid scientific sources (i.e., documents/books/articles) related to higher education curricula in the era of the 4IR during 2016-2021. This period was selected since the 4IR is a new concept, no relevant sources related to it were found before 2016. Out of 25 identified sources, nine that best met the objectives of this study were selected as the study sample using purposive sampling. Themes were used as the unit of analysis. Data were collected using search engines, such as Google Scholar, and databases, such as Emerald, Eric, Science Direct, Springer, etc., with the help of indexes and keywords.

The results of the content analysis revealed 12 main organizing themes as follows: continuous learning: at any time in any place, individualized and personalized education, globallyconnected education, platform thinking based on new technologies, social curriculum based on moral, social, and cultural responsibilities, skills development with emphasis on soft skills, integration of higher education and industry 4.0 in the context of technology 4.0, innovative education, project-oriented learning, teacher as a guide and consultant, reevaluation of the curriculum consistent with the era of the 4IR, and convergence of sciences. At a higher level, the main organizing themes were subsumed under a more comprehensive theme called curriculum paradigm shift.

 Discussion and Conclusions:

In sum, it can be stated that the advances and changes in the field of science and technology in the era of the 4IR will continue to push not only scientific but also geographical boundaries with an increasing speed, giving birth to novel areas of science. Therefore, universities and higher education institutes should constantly review and assess their curricula from different perspectives to adapt to the rapid pace of technological advances and orient their outlook on the future. It must be highlighted that in the era of the 4IR, the incorporation of advanced technologies and digital education in the curricula is more than a purely technical concern. In other words, a technology-enabled curriculum is not a simple matter of digitizing existing content and making it available online. Rather, it serves as a fertile platform that can create new learning cultures and enable students to deal with challenges and grasp the opportunities that have only begun to exist due to digitization.

employed women need strategies to maintain their marital relationship due to their extensive responsibilities in the workplace and family. This study was a qualitative study using content analysis in which data were collected using purposive sampling and in-depth semi-structured individual interviews with eight women working in government departments and non -governmental centers in Ilam City, it was collected in 1400. The duration of the interview sessions ranged from 45 to 60 minutes, and the data reached theoretical saturation point after 8 interviews. Data analysis was carried out through conventional content analysis; after the transcription of recorded interviews on paper and immersion in the data, the initial codes were extracted. To determine the main categories, initial codes were reviewed and classified in several steps. The results of the text of interviews resulted in identifying three main themes including 'intra individual and cognitive strategies', 'interpersonal and behavioral strategies' and 'emotional strategies. The results of this study can pave the way for counselors and family therapists in the field of marital education and premarital counseling. Also working women who have a work family conflict or want to maintain and improve their marital relationship can also benefit from these findings.

The aim of this study was to present "a conceptual pattern of Quran-based motivation". This pattern was obtained from reviewing the concepts extracted from interpreters' interpretations. The main question was that: what is a conceptual pattern of Quran-based motivation? This study was a basic-developmental research, and its methodology was a qualitative content analysis. All verses of Quran (the population) were reviewed and the themes related to a conceptual pattern of motivation were identified as the sample (over 2700 verses). By referring to the interpretations, conceptual categorization and open, axial, and selective coding were done. To achieve a comprehensive pattern, the researchers reached the three basic themes of "causal", "structural", and "consequential" after coding the data. The causal theme included internal and external compelling category (29 items), and internal and external inhibitory category (16 items). Two cognitive categories (4 items) and behavioral tendencies (11 items) in the structural theme, and personal (9 items), family (5 items), and social (10 items) categories were designed in the consequential theme. In the first stage, the validity and reliability of this pattern were examined by 17 experts. The value of CVR and CVI confirmed the content validity of this conceptual pattern. The results showed that the conceptual pattern of Quran-based motivation is different from the concept of motivation in contemporary psychology in terms of nature, foundations, structure, factors, and methodology.

In the religious teachings of Islam, encouragement, has been emphasized as educational method. The religious teachings, in order to educate and guide people, the method of encouragement has used. The purpose of the present study, was to provide a model for the training system of agents in Islamic society based on the method of encouragement intended by Religious Teachings. This research, in terms of purpose, was applied; In terms of data collection method, was descriptive; and in terms of the nature of the data, was qualitative. Accordingly, first, through the method of qualitative content analysis, religious teachings related to the method of encouragement were extracted. Then, through Grounded Theory, data was analyzed through three processes of open, axial and selective coding. The results showed, transformational leadership, goal-oriented leadership, insightful leadership, leadership based on social expediency, motivational leadership and future-oriented leadership, are the factors of the system of training agents in the Islamic society. Based on this, in a general perspective, the phenomenon of transformational training in the system of training agents of the Islamic society was identified.

Audience lifestyle plays an important role in attracting and retaining news media audiences. Lifestyle refers to systematic activities that arise from one's taste. The purpose of this study is to identify the news tastes of Iranian audiences. To this end, 15 professors and media experts were interviewed. Analytical qualitative content analysis of the data showed that the news tastes of Iranian audiences consisted in two components: "habitual" and "instrumental". Given the ordering of news tastes in terms of their importance, audiences ranked "celebrity news", "privacy news", "sports news", " "Local News", "Political News", "Scandal News", "Health News", "Livelihood News", "Accident News" and "Science and Technology News". Due to the importance of news trends, most Iranian audiences have a news trend of "habit", and an "instrumental" view of the news is less common.

Gaining international validity and local-regional impact are the main strategies of the University of Fourth Generation. Dealing with issues and challenges of society and other social institutions is also its axial mission. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to identify and determine the components affecting the emergence and promotion of the fourth generation universities. The method of qualitative research was content analysis. In order to collect information, semi-structured interview technique was used. Data were analyzed by encoding and analyzing the content of the themes. Sampling was done by purposeful method. The sample size was also based on the rule of “theoretical saturation” by 15 people and the experts of higher education system. The results indicate that the main components in the promotion of the university of the fourth generation are committed human resources, responsiveness, development of social knowledge, maintaining academic independence and independent financial resources, development of interactions, creating a flexible structure, innovative organizational culture, susceptible university management to the community, the needs, deployment of service quality regulations, technology development and innovation. According to the findings of this study, strengthening effective components in the emergence and formation of the university of the fourth generation is essential. Accordingly, officials of the country’s higher education system should provide the ground for realizing this important. This can vary according to the local context and readiness of universities, and within themselves create different patterns of society. However, universities should be provided in terms of intellectual and management infrastructure.

This study aims to design a conceptual model for the integrated STEM education in Primary Schools of Iran. The qualitative content analysis was used to investigate all the related researches in the databases from 2000, including ProQuest, Springer, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Sage and Eric, as well as, the upstream documents of the Iranian education system. 46 selected sources and the documents of the fundamental transformation of Iran's education, Iran 20-year vision plan, Science and Mathematics Curriculum Objectives and Guidelines were selected through purposive sampling method. The logic of designing the Integrated STEM Curriculum in primary schools was inferred through focusing on the theoretical principles of the Integrated STEM education approaches and analysis of related researches. Finally, a conceptual model based on Acker model and the logic of integrated curricula was designed.

In this study which is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of quantitative heuristics and of structural equations branch, until the to present a model of factors affecting occupational safety of faculty members with emphasis on the independence of Islamic Azad University. The statistical population in the qualitative sector is composed of experts familiar with the subject (university professors in the field of study). In the selection of experts for interviewing the professors of the top 10 free universities in the country with theoretical saturation according to the ranking of webometrics in 1396 were selected as the statistical population. The statistical population in the quantitative section is composed of all faculty members of free universities throughout the country that number was over 30,000A sample of 384 was selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool is the qualitative part of the interview and the quantitative part is a researcher-made questionnaireIts validity is confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and frequency as well as inferential statistics such as correlation coefficient and structural equations were used to analyze the collected data using Spss and Lisrel software. The results of the study show Financial, human, social, political, personal, structural and managerial factors were identified as factors related to job security with emphasis on university independence. The tests showf the other factor besides the social factor influences the job security of professors. Check the average rating that shows the priority of each agent, It shows that the political factor is first and foremost, the average political rating was 4.85 and higher than the average of other factors.On this basis, it can be said that the political factor has the greatest impact on job security. After the political factor, there is a management factor with an average rating of 4.81 and the third priority is the structural factor with an average rating of 4.72.

In 2015, OECD supported a study that was launched by PISA to assess students’ “financial literacy” and their ability to make financial decisions. Based on the results of this study, the OECD provided some guidance for the education systems at large regarding financial education and helping students to become conscious citizens taking part in their economic life and making appropriate decisions. As well, “Jumpstart” has presented a set of standards regarding mathematical literacy. Considering the importance of financial literacy the present research was conducted in Iran and mathematics textbooks of 90’s solar years (2010’s AC) were analyzed to trace the financial education. The qualitative content analysis was chosen as research method. The review of 1960s and 1970s indicated that financial education” was integrated as part of mathematics curriculum. On the other hand, financial literacy has been considered as a tool to teach numbers and some other related concepts in the 2010s mathematics textbooks. The research is concluded that integrating historical lessons and new international recommendations would be appropriate way of designing literacy education within the mathematics textbooks.

Lifestyle is a collection of acts and notions which they could be perceived in specific texts and backgrounds. As the individual and community lifestyle in theoretical point is originated from the religious and virtuous teachings governing y their soul and psyche, it is necessary to get the essential knowledge for the concept of lifestyle and religious beliefs and the relationship of these two categories. From the other side, the reason for all political and religious deviations which cause the destruction and degeneration the nation in some occasion is the decisions and bahaviors with no spiritual insight. The martyrs defending holy Shia Shrines are of the most insightful persons of the society who connect the insight with deed and with true recognition of situation and correct understanding of the time condition in obeying Velāyat and the authorities of a faqīh (an Islamic jurist), they were honoured. They are not only the all- seeing but also the creation of insight. The goal of this research is to know and study their admiring thinking, acts and bahaiviours in the form of lifestyle senses . For this, 27 wills with the qualitative content analysis have been examined and presented 253 codes resulted from it and they has been categorized in 4 forms : obeying Velāyat with the dimensions of the Velāyat notion and deeds (11 paraeters), the goal of jihad and martyrdom with the dimensions of the motivation of love and religious liability (13 parameters), the personality traits with the dimensions of the social relationships, individual characteristics and fiscal discipline (28 parameters) and special mentions with the religious and divinely dimensions and social –political dimensions (25 parameters) and the research abstract pattern accorded with it has been presented.

The purpose of this study is to design and validate a model of cognitive constructivism education for elementary students. To achieve the research goal was used a mixed method. In the qualitative section for obtaining an educational design pattern, the analysis of inductive content, and in the quantitative part, for internal accreditation, the viewpoint of experts through the survey questionnaire has been used In order to select articles for analyzing qualitative content, first the keywords were selected to search the articles. In the qualitative section, the statistical community included all articles downloaded from related databases such as Sage, Ebsco, Wiley, Sciencedirect, Proquest, Eric, and Sprinhger in the period from 1990 upto 2016, and in the quantity section of the 15 people there were curriculum specialists. In this research, the purposeful sampling method was used. The sample size of 25 articles and content analysis unit in this research were themed. According to the content analysis on articles, three categories were as follows: Teacher's role, learner's role, role of knowledge. Finally, the results of all analyzes of the content on the articles were presented in the model format. Internal validation According to experts' point of view has shown that the educational model provided on the basis of cognitive constructivism is of good and proper credibility and has the necessary effectiveness in educating students.

The present study has been conducted to comprehensively investigate student's perceptions of teacher’s social support and characteristics and functions that lead to increased perception of teacher's social support. The study has been conducted with phenomenology approach by using qualitative content analysis. Statistical population included all female 11th graders in Torbat-e Heydariyeh. By purposeful sampling and based on Social Support Scale of Maleki, Demri & Elliott (2000), 30 students (15 high scores and 15 low score) were assigned to the sample group. A semi-structured interview was employed for data collection. Based on the findings, students suggested nine themes including “empowerment of human relations”, “appropriate personality traits”, “appropriate monitoring and evaluation”, “teaching skills”, “the ability of class management”, “job commitment”, “guiding and counseling”, “academic ability” and “contributions to the student's all-round development” with an emphasis on emotional, instrumental, evaluative, and informational support. Result shows the most important characteristics of the supportive teacher are “empowerment of human relations”. Also, to boost student's perceptions of teacher's social support, teachers need to have other features like “authoritative relationships”, “appropriate encouragement and punishment”, “to have peace of mind”, “conducting coordinated exams”, “ethical counseling” and “reinforcement classes”.

This research aims to develop strategic leadership components by referring to the views and definitions provided by experts and examining their compatibility with the characteristics required by senior managers of the University of Farhangian. In order to achieve the above objectives, the mixed research method has been used. Qualitative stage is used to extract and compile the components using qualitative content analysis method and in the quantitative stage, a survey method has been used. Findings of the research show that, from an individual's point of view, strategic leadership has features such as managerial wisdom, learning, flexibility, absorption capacity, adjustment capacity, and creative stress.
Organizationally, the strategic leader, with the characteristics of the linkage of activities with the organization's strategy, is identical to the future, global management, productivity and continuous improvement, motivation and persuasion, change management, continuous monitoring, close relationship between the leader and the follower ... . In an environmental field, a strategic leader should consider his own plans by observing the organization's surroundings, strategic thinking, explaining the right path, foresight, prediction, competitive advantage, customer orientation, and market development. Also, the results of the research showed that apart from the competitive advantage, all other features of strategic leadership were essential for senior managers of the University of Cultural Exchanges.

This qualitative content analysis study, with a deductive approach, aimed at developing a practical framework of content characteristics of e-learning, based on the cognitive load theory. In that, following fundamental questions were first phrased about the characteristics of electronic content: A) “What are the characteristics of electronic content from intrinsic cognitive load perspective?” B) “What are the characteristics of electronic content from extrinsic cognitive load perspective?,” and C) “What are the characteristics of electronic content from optimal cognitive load perspective?.” Then, the theoretical bases of the cognitive load theory were used to specify the major and minor components of above questions through qualitative content analysis. Finally, practical solutions for the management of cognitive load in design and production of electronic content within a certain framework were developed, based on the findings of this stage and through discussions with specialists. In this study, the statistical population included all articles available for download in Google and Wiley, Ebsco, and Sciencedirect databases. The total number of articles found in the mentioned databases by 2015 was 77 articles, out of which 11 articles were selected for analysis through purposive sampling technique. Finally, the analysis of articles resulted in determination of the characteristics of e-learning content from three perspectives, namely intrinsic cognitive load, extrinsic cognitive load, and optimal cognitive load. The current framework of cognitive load in the analysis of electronic content can help instructional designers in designing better e-learning environments.