تغییر

The first step in repairing an unfavorable situation of a society is to change both the education system and its basis, namely human beings. Therefore, For this aim, the present study to infer the Educational principles of desirable internal changes in the inner aspects of personality(such as beliefs, desires, and emotions) so that people can receive these trainings and use them as a practical guide in order to make a desirable situation at  both an individual level and a social level.

This study was performed through the inferential method with Frankenna reconstructed model. The study population consisted of the authentic sources of Islam, including the Holy Quran and “Noor” and “Al Mizan” interpretations. The data were collected after reading the texts and taking notes.

The results demonstrated that based on the Holy Quran, mankind as a free and independent personality is able to consciously and eagerly choose the path of change in the desired direction and attain God's Nearness that is the ultimate objective or goal destined for human beings.

the educational principles are: Belief in the Existence of a Consious God, Belief in the Resourrection, Gradual and Step-by-Step Change, Standardized agency, liberty, , Honoring Human Personality, responsibility, Pay Serious and Active Attention to Nature, :, Grounding for  Desired  Change and Grouth, using the tools of knowledge.

The aim of this study was to identify strategies to improve teachers' experiences in the face of curriculum change. The data of this study were collected by phenomenological method, which is a qualitative approach, in the form of observational and semi-structured interviews. In the interview section, 20 primary and secondary school teachers (first and second period) of Nazarabad city in Alborz province, who were selected by purposive sampling, were used. After data collection and analysis, which was done through open, axial and selective coding, a concept map of data analysis was presented. The results of data analysis of this research were expressed in 3 main categories, which also include sub-categories, which are: 1) knowledge-skills change support (knowledge courses, teaching-learning packages), 2) strengthening the role of teachers In change (teacher competence in institutionalizing change, teacher interest and motivation, teacher participation) and 3) Improving the teaching-learning environment commensurate with change (density of learners in the classroom, architectural fit of learning space with change).

The main purpose of this study is to identify the administrative barriers in the field of aesthetic and artistic education of the Fundamental Evolution Document in education, based on the Fullan model (2007). The field of artistic education has been forgotten and neglected, despite the tremendous impact it can have on morale and, consequently, on the learning of learners and even their educators.This research project is the "combined" type (simultaneous test). The study population included two independent groups of curriculum and education specialists (in the qualitative section) as well as primary school teachers (in the quantitative section). The sample size includes 12 curriculum and education specialists and 120 primary school teachers .The sampling method in the first part (qualitative) is theoretical and purposeful method and its tools include semi-constructed and unstructured interview and in the second part (quantitative) it is "purposeful and preferable" and the research tool includes a 30 questions researcher-made questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis involves the Wilcoxon single-sample and Friedman tests to rank the Barriers to the implementation of the Fundamental Evolution Document based on the components of the Fullen model. Qualitative data analysis was also performed using the seven-step )Colaizzi, 1987) method. The results of the study confirm the gap between the designers of the Evolution Document and its implementers in schools, which, in addition to other existing administrative barriers,contributes to the inefficiency of the Fundamental Evolution Document in the implementation phase.

The purpose of this study was to model the effect of psychological empowerment on individual readiness for change in staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 850 employees of the Ministry of Sport and Youth. According to Cochran formula, 265 people were selected by simple random sampling. Spritzer and Mishra (1995) and Empowerment for Change (Dunham et al., 1989) questionnaires were used to collect data. The internal consistency of the questionnaires was obtained by Cronbach's alpha test of 0.85 and 0.85, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The results showed that employees' perception of competence influenced their individual readiness for change. The positive effect of the perception of autonomy on individual readiness for change was confirmed. The results showed that perception of being effective had a positive and significant effect on one's readiness to change. Finally, the results showed that the effect of perception of job meaningfulness and confidence on personal readiness for change was not significant. According to the results, consideration is given to empowerment programs to increase staff readiness to accept change.

Innovation and Creativity in the 21st Century Police Changes Abstract

Police perspective in the mid- 21st century has tremendously ‎changed and has created dreams police have in their roles in the society and it ‎might require that these dreams change so that it is to the benefit of both police ‎and the society. The police we know today have faced a difficult route and ‎possess polycentric and proliferating origins. Therefore; our environment is ‎changing rapidly. Therefore; the future police chiefs will encounter important ‎choices every day.‎

The present article intends to show what changes have innovation and ‎creativity made in the 21st century policing and that whether this innovation has ‎been effective in police mission and if police can directly benefit from innovative ‎knowledge or benefit from the existing technology.‎ Research

The method used in this article is of applied type in terms of ‎nature and descriptive-analytical type, as well.‎

In the mid twenty century, policing transformed abruptly. “A silent ‎revolution” has occurred. Non-governmental police increasingly developed and ‎police monopoly over policing was quickly fading. The wave that seemed non-‎ending and appeared to move in one direction, changed direction abruptly and ‎subsided. The reconstruction- based evidence of this polycentric policing was the ‎growth of private security which is now larger than governmental policing (in ‎terms of staff) in most parts of the world.‎

In particular, policing is a job related to “people and information”. ‎Therefore; police leaders and chiefs in all countries need to be aware of trends. In ‎addition, there is a need to understand how information is collected, exchanged ‎and used and the consequences of these activities should be investigated, as well.‎ Key Words: Innovation, Creativity, Change, Police, Challenge

Failure to implement many of the theories and management processes has always been a concern for managers and researchers, and this has made application of many processes difficult. Practical research, as an applied method, has facilitated the change and promotion of these processes in organizations. In this paper, the practical research method and the reason for its success, in improving the change and quality of management measures, are explained. The above article is a review type and it has been used to compile library and internet searches in books and related articles published in the period 2015 - 1991. The study of the studies, carried out by the practical research method, shows that this method improves the implementation of processes, teamwork, intra-organizational communication, and communication between the university and industry and performance. It also provides a more appropriate view of staff training needs for managers and it can be used as a useful way to apply theories in the organization.

Abstract: the present study explained the potential reasons behind failure of educational reform and the resistance of teachers. The research synthesis method was used to review the existing studies about failure of educational. In the second phase the teacher resistance was examined through analyzing the reactions of 137 primary school teachers (at the first, second and third grades) teaching in City Azadshahr toward educational reform. The sample included 78 teachers from villages and 59 teachers from cities who were a mixed group of novice and experienced. The findings showed that 68 percent of the male teachers in villages and cities and 67 percent of the female teachers in the villages were opposed to the recent reform of curriculum.T-test showed there is no significant difference between male and female teachers, teachers in urban and rural teachers and less and experienced teachers. You cannot change schools without understanding the actual performance. The starting point for reform in Iran, did not understand the ways of the actual performance of schools. Finally, proposed some proposal for the effective implementation of the changes.

Nowadays the mission of universities to survive and develop better human resources, increase the quantity and quality of services as well as educational innovation. In the meantime professional development plays a constructive role in promoting the development of professional knowledge and skills of faculty members in order to achieve these objectives. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between professional development and educational innovation among faculty members of psychology and education in governmental universities of Tehran. To this end, a random categorical sampling with proportional allocation including 102 participants were selected from a population of 232 of the faculty members of psychology and education in governmental universities of Tehran. Using Cochran formula some 102 people were chosen. Data gathering instruments include professional development and educational innovation as well as a researcher-made questionnaire. The research was descriptive, correlational and data analysis was used for the correlation, stepwise regression and binomial test. Results showed that significant relationship (p≤0/05) between all of the six professional development components (personal development, educational development, research development, organization development, ethical development and cultural and social development) with educational innovation. Furthermore; the results of the stepwise regression showed that 66% of variation of educational innovation predicted by educational, research and cultural components. Paying attention to the professional development of faculty members provides training ground for innovation and universities have a vital role in this regard.

The purpose of this research was study the attitudes of administrators of training centers of applied science and technology and level of their awareness about changes that has been created in curricula of disciplines (applied science), comparing those with old curricula, degree of co-direction of new curricula with goals of Comprehensive Prescription of Skills and Technology and, challenges and executive issues regarding new curricula. This research was run with survey method and a researcher-developed questioner was used for gathering of data. The population of research was all administrators of training centers in Khorasan province that have implemented both old and new curricula (230 persons). The samples were computed with Sample size was computed with Cochrane formula and method of sampling was cluster. Ultimately, 144 samples from 38 centers were selected and questionnaires were distributed among them. Results showed that in all items that were reformed, the administrators were aware and had agreement about nature and goals of changes in curricula. Of course, in some cases like goals and content of Comprehensive Prescription of Skills and Technology, more information and justification of agents is necessity.

The present paper investigates and criticizes old and modern approaches to moral development and change in main orientations towards scientific study on it. The subject is studied through content analysis and its aim is to provide a framework for future comparative studies, specially in the field of religious ethics. Studies conducted in the past emphasize on the formation of superego and identification with the same-sex parent, trends based on individual's environmental influences, specially external reinforcements, child's dependency drive, observational learning process, self-organization trend, and reasoning system to understand social relations. Substitute conceptualizations have provided new insights as to the formation of the Four Component Model of Morality, the issue of procedural justice, considering other's view, self-perception, social reasoning, contractualism, and moral identity. The most important achievements of these orientations are as follows: emphasis on developmental-substitutional model versus phased-cumulative model, focus on trivial structures in ethics versus hierarchical cohesion and structural unity, emphasis on moral schema instead of stages, treatment of other domains of social-cognitive development versus neglecting them, focus on moral personality as the aim.

One of popular approaches today is development interdisciplinary courses in higher education. Recently، a number of interdisciplinary courses have been developed and offered. The shift from the intended to other levels of curriculum، whether implemented or experienced، poses a new challenge with respect to interdisciplinary courses. This case study guided by the Keline model tried to conceptualize on change of curriculum in higher education. Findings indicated that interdisciplinary courses tend to change at all levels in order to expose prospective graduates to various experiences.

the present study tries to find remedies to reduce people's resistance against the changes and innovations from the view point of the faculty members and staffs in Islamic Azad university of Izeh. This is a descriptive study, and data gathering tools are researcher made questionnaire "Factors that reduce resistance to changes" that has a reliability coefficient of 89/0 using Cronbach Alpha method. For analysis of data, T-test (one samplet Test) was used. The result shows that from the view point of the faculty members and staffs in Islamic Azad university of Izeh, paying attention to Their feelings, consulting with them, trusting in them and empowering them could reduce their resistance against changes, so the university chairmen must provide the necessary contexts and requirements before any changes in the system in order to achieve their goals.

In terms of organizational view, creativity means presenting modern thought and plan to improve the quality or quantity of organization and innovation. Enhancing creativity in organizations can lead to improvement of the quality of services, reduction of costs, prevention of wasting resources, reduction of bureaucracy, enhancement of competition, etc. Innovation can be also considered as objective of creativity and as implemented and materialized form of creativity. Words “creativity” and “innovation” have two distinct concepts; however their concepts are interrelated. This issue of creativity and management is basically related to the effect of creativity in the three managerial arenas: creative management, creative personnel, creative organization. With respect to the importance and necessity constant application of creativity and innovation in organizations and recommendations of the Supreme Leader regarding keeping alive the spirit of creativity and innovation, the present article has been prepared. While examining the role of managers in developing creativity, the present article has pointed to the characteristics of creative managers; and some issues concerning creative personnel and organizations. In the meantime, some innovation and creativity techniques have been mentioned here; and finally while considering the concept behind innovation, some recommendations have been introduced to develop creativity and innovation in organizations.

Today’s world, is the world of disturbance and irregularity. In this situation, managers should manage their organizations by knowing the environmental situations & good recognization. Also should change & develop strategies, technological organization & attitude to create regulation and discipline. So the necessity of change and transformation, has lead to the needof change management on organigation. In other words, the change should be managed & controled. change management is a leading & scheduling process that can be used as a modern & optimized process to promote & deployment of organization goals. This article is developed in 2 parts & its goal is to introduce change management as a tool to deploy useful changes in the organization of Aghidati siyasi of naja. In this quarterly journal, the first part of the article including materials such as: the importance & necessity of transformation, goals & results of change, basics & rules, size & types of change, the rest of material will be published in the next journal. Organization change models & leadership & execution has been discussed the rest of material will be published in the next journal.

The aim of this research was to explore the extent to which the educational policies adopted for the third economic development plan were carried out in education at Ahvaz local office of secondary education (ALOSE) during the third development plan (2000-2004). A qualitative methodology was used and data were collected via smi-structured interview (Interviews done with Education Local Authorities) and documents analysis. The results indicated that: 1) during the third development plan in ALOSE, a series of models of educational change such as preplan change, evolutionary change, organizational cycle, political, social recognition and cultural change were taken into consideration; 2) the level of performance was significantly higher in the fifth year of the developmet plan compared to the first year with regards to reforms such as: Competition oriented reforms, financial oriented reforms, justice oriented reforms and quality and productivity oriented reforms.

The purpose of this study was to examine administrator's performance & attitude at Azad Islamic university branches of 8 th district according to dimensions & 138 components of change management & to develop an appropriate conceptual framework: to achieve the above goals, first the research literature was reviewed deeply and 108 components of change 5 management in higher education were extracted, which reduced to components by expert judgment. The extracted components categorized in 5 dimensions: competencies of change leader traits, the culture of change, policies and strategies of change, change environment, change content. Then a 108 items questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was administered among a randomly selected sample consisted of 267 presidents, vice-presidents, deans, associate deans & head departments after establishing its validity (by expert judgment) and its reliability (by calculation of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient=0.98). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods as well as inferential tests such as ANOVA, Chi square, factor analysis, and path analysis. The finding showed that there was no significant difference between three groups of administrator's performance. The same result was found about their attitudes. To present the conceptual framework, the extracted factors were analyzed by factors Analysis through SPSS and were named by Expert Judgment (ten specialists). Then the final conceptual framework was drawn by path Analysis through LISEREL & GFI test confirmed the conceptual framework factors and their interaction and correlation by calculation GFI (GFI=0.97)