شوخ طبعی

Turnover the human capital service of any organization is one of the problems facing managers and this issue is exacerbated by bullying behaviors; Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the effect of organizational bullying behaviors on the dismissal of military personnel by modifying the humorous behavior of commanders, which is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 571 employees of Imam Khomeini University of Marine Sciences and 230 people were selected using random sampling method based on Morgan table. The data collection tools were the organizational bullying questionnaires of Paranjik et al. (2006), the tendency to leave the service of Common et al. (1979) and the humorous behavior of the obedient et al. (2009) which were adjusted based on the Likert scale. To calculate the validity of the questionnaire through face validity (using expert theories) and convergent validity and to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha method was used, the coefficient was 0.81, 0.86 and 0.84. Demographic information (descriptive statistics) was used to analyze the data and SPSS and pls2 software were used to analyze the data in the inferential section. The results showed that organizational bullying behaviors affect the tendency of employees to leave the service and the variable behavior of commanders moderates this relationship.

The purpose of the present study is to explore the extent to which teachers use appropriate and inappropriate humor during the teaching process. Humor in education is an essential tool that can help teachers to enhance student learning by creating a motivating classroom environment. Using humor in the classroom requires certain techniques and principles that can be learned. Some types of humor have positive results and increase the effectiveness of teaching. In contrast, there are other types of humor that, when used in the teaching process, have negative effects on the teaching and learning process. In this regard, the category that has been studied in this study is the category of Frymier et al. (2008, p.5,4) which classifies humor in teaching in to two categories: appropriate humor and inappropriate humor. Appropriate humor means that humor is not offensive or appropriate for the classroom. Inappropriate humor is a type of humor that is offensive or not appropriate for the classroom.

This research is a quantitative research based on statistical analysis of numerical information in terms of approach and data collection method. In terms of purpose, it is applied and in terms of nature and method, it is a descriptive research, survey type. The statistical population of this study included all secondary school students in Shush city (Khuzestan province) in the academic year 2019-2020. The minimum sample size was calculated according to Morgan table and a total of 366 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. The required data were collected through an appropriate and inappropriate humor questionnaire (Frymier et al., 2008). Using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated (α=0.95). One-sample t-test, independent t-test and dependent t-test were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that teachers' use of two types of appropriate and inappropriate humor was less than average, while teachers in the teaching process were used more appropriate humor than the inappropriate one. Also, male teachers, more than female teachers, have used appropriate and inappropriate humor in the teaching process.

Student learning is very important, and it is the teacher's task to produce his teachings- learning process, and topics with appropriate communication tools to make student learning a reality. One of these communication tools is humor, which the teacher should be able to use the best types of humor, including the appropriate humor that helps the teaching-learning process.

Resilience is a concept that researchers have been focusing on in recent years in explaining human behavior. Resilience refers to one's ability to maintain a psychological and biological adaptability in the face of critical and threatening conditions. On the other hand, positive psychology has been concluded that several factors are effective in increasing people's resilience to stress. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of mindfulness and gratitude of god on the resilience of Students with the mediation role of humor of Tabriz University. From these students, 240 students were selected by multiple cluster sampling method from Civil Engineering, Mathematical and Psychological faculties. Data were collected using the 5-item Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Humor Questionnaire (SHQ), gratitude of fod Questionnaire (Krause, Neal, 2006) and Conner-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (CD-RISC). Path analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that students' resilience was predicted directly by gratitude of God (β = 0.35) and humor (β = 0.29). Resilience is also predicted indirectly and in a humor way by gratitude of God (β = 0.083) and mindfulness (β = 0.076). The results of the research on the path of mindfulness to resilience were not confirmed. Furthermore, the results indicate that 15% of students' resilience is explained by mindfulness, gratitude of god, and humor. Finally, the findings showed that 27% of resiliency is explained by the variables of mindfulness and gratitude of God by humor.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of spiritual well-being and sense of humor with the psychological well-being and resilience of the undergraduate students at Bojnourd University. This study is a correlational type of research and the sample includes 337 students who are randomly selected by stratified sampling according to the compatibility of the size and gender of the students in all 4 faculties with the related group. A questionnaire on spiritual well-being by Paulotzin and Ellison, a questionnaire on sense of humor SHQ humor, Conner and David Sun's questionnaire resilience, and Reef's psychological well-being were used for collecting the data. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests and SPSS software version 23 were used for analyzing the data. The results show that spiritual well-being and sense of humor affect resilience and psychological well-being at 99% confidence level and all the research hypotheses concerning the relationship of resilience and psychological well-being with humor and spiritual well-being a confirmed.

The objective of this research was to discover the position of satire as a behavioral style in the Ahl al-Bayt's life style and the question was what rules and functions the satire has. The research used a theoretical analysis of the Ahl al-Bayt's Hadiths about the satire and their satirical behaviors. The results showed that a) they paid attention to the satire; b) the general rules of satire in the Ahl al-Bayt's life style are discourse of truth, discourse of justice, no excess and negligence, no scorn and disrespect, etc.; c) the functions of satire are the correction of audience's understanding of religious culture, education of humans in terms of insight and behavior, induction of positive morality, growth of moral virtues, creation of interpersonal relationship consistently and effectively, and closeness of hearts).

The present research investigates the relationship of impulsive sensationseeking, humor and religious attitude with death anxiety among the students. To this end, a sample including 375 individuals was selected from a statistical population of students from Shahid Bahonar University-Kerman for the academic year of 2010-2011, and a multi-stage random cluster sampling was used. The fifth form of Zuckerman's questionnaire sensationseeking-, Martin's questionnaire on humor, Khodayarifard's questionnaire on religious attitude, and Templer's questionnaire on death anxiety were used for gathering the data. These data were analyzed by using such statistical indexes like correlation and regression. The results of the data analysis show that there is a significant negative relationship between impulsive sensation seeking and death anxiety (r=0/363), a significant positive relationship between humor and death anxiety (r=0/408), and a significant negative relationship between religious attitude and death anxiety (r-0/380) (a=0/05).

IntroductionModern life is full of deadlines, frustrations, demands and ultimately stress. Indeed, Stress is a common problem that affects almost all of us at some point in our lives. We should learn to manage stress and to cope with it as stress management is rapidly growing in different countries. The goals of these stress management techniques (e.g. physical exercise, biofeedback, relaxation, deep breathing, meditation, etc) and coping styles (e.g. effective coping styles and ineffective coping styles) are to produce muscle relaxation and the easing of psychological tensions that goes with it; as a result people have to spend tremendous amounts of time, effort and money learning special relaxation techniques. While the sense of humor without time and exorbitant expense (unlike stress management techniques and coping styles) will decrease stress. Sense of humor plays a powerful and unique role in human life, with wide-ranging effects on many aspects of functioning. Sense of humor is therapeutic, providing a mechanism for coping with daily stressors and having positive effects on the muscle relaxation, control of pain and discomfort, less fatigue as well as psychological health. Thus, sense of humor has often been conceptualized as a form of coping in that it appears to buffer an individual against the negative effects of stress.Research QuestionOn this basis, the primary aim of the present study was to investigate the sense of humor and stress. Specifically, we addressed questions relating to relationships between sense of humor and its components (enjoyment of humor, laughter, verbal humor, sense of humor in social relations and sense of humor in stressful conditions) with stress. We evaluated the correlation between sense of humor and its components with coping styles (effective coping styles and ineffective coping styles). Finally, we investigated whether the sense of humor components are able to predict stress.MethodSubjects participating in this project were 320 male and female students of Isfahan University (with average age of 22 years) selected using stratified random cluster sampling. The three questionnaires were administered simultaneously to the participants. The Sense of Humor Questionnaire (SHQ) (Khoshouei, Oreizy and Aghaei, 1386) was used to assess sense of humor. The SHQ is a scale of 25 items that consist of five different components: enjoyment of humor, laughter, verbal humor, sense of humor in social relations and sense of humor in stressful conditions. The SHQ rates each item based on a seven-point Likert-type scale, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. A high score on this test is associated with a person having a great sense of humor. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) (Holmes and Rahe, 1967) was used to assess stress, to measure stress according to the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale, the numbers of "life change units" that apply to events in the past year of an individual's life are added and the final score gives a rough estimate of how stress affects health. Finally the Coping Style Scale (CSS) (Carver, Scheier and Weintraub, 1989) to assess coping style was administered; The CSS is a scale of 60 items that consist of two coping styles: effective coping styles (e.g. problem-focused and positive emotional-focused styles) and ineffective coping styles (e.g. negative emotional-focused styles)ResultThe results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that sense of humor and its components have negative correlations with the stress and ineffective coping styles at P<0.05 level of significance. These correlations coefficients have a range from -0.12 to -0.31 for stress and from -0.11 to -0.32 for ineffective coping styles. However, the findings showed sense of humor and its components have positive correlations with the effective coping styles at P<0.05 level of significance. These correlations coefficients have a range from 0.27 to 0.81. Finally results of analysis of stepwise regression showed that among sense of humor components, enjoyment of humor, verbal humor, sense of humor in social relations, and sense of humor in stressful conditions are able to predict stress.DiscussionThe results of this study indicated that there is a negative relationship between sense of humor and stress. In addition, the present findings highlight that although coping styles can induce the stress but only one form of coping style (effective coping styles) linked to sense of humor. Moreover, results imply that sense of humor components (except laughter) are able to predict a considerable part of stress, or rather the stress is influenced by sense of humor through enjoyment of humor, verbal humor, sense of humor in social relations and sense of humor in stressful conditions. Altogether, results of this study were consistent with previous research in other countries. This finding has not only some important implications for other researchers of this field, but can also be generalized to aid in real-life settings. Also further research is needed to substantiate results of this research in other communities.