محیط یادگیری الکترونیکی

The rapid penetration of technology has transformed all aspects of life and caused tremendous changes. Education, teaching, and learning, important aspects of people's social lives, have been greatly influenced by these developments and have developed with the growth of technology. Despite extensive research on the benefits and capacities of the e-learning environment, the teaching and learning process in this new environment is still challenging. This research gap prompted the researcher to study the framework of the teaching and learning process of elementary schools in the electronic platform. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions, indicators, and markers of the desirable teaching and learning process of the elementary school in the e-learning environment with a meta-synthesis approach.

According to the purpose, a qualitative research design of the meta-synthesis type was used. Research data were collected using the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). Therefore, the studies were searched in the desired time range in the databases (2010-2023). After screening the identified studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, among the 673 studies related to the research field, 40 studies, that directly examined the teaching and learning process of elementary school in the electronic platform, were selected in a purposeful way using the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP) and entered the analysis stage. At this stage, the data were analyzed through the thematic content analysis (TCA) method. To check the validity and reliability of the findings, the researcher's self-review criteria and the peer review method (the agreement coefficient of the evaluators) were used.

The in-depth analysis of previous studies resulted in the representation of 9 dimensions, 12 indicators, and 41 markers. Based on the research findings, the proposed model of the current research includes structured goals (setting goals based on the SMART model, setting goals based on Bloom's classification, defining goals by considering educational design components); standard content (compliance with SCORM model) and optimal content (personalized content, multimedia content, simulated content, categorized content, content with appropriate difficulty, relevant and coherent content); interactive teaching method (method based on digital storytelling, method based on digital game, collaborative virtual teaching, online questioning); empathic interactions (active conversation, establishing an emotional relationship, use of humor) and purposeful interactions (educational interactions, social interactions, supportive interactions); developmental assignments (zone of optimal confusion, scaffolding and assignments based on real issues); effective feedback (positive and encouraging feedback, corrective/interpretive, personal and immediate, fast feedback); quality time (planning and management of the time, special time for learning, flexibility in time); user-friendly technical platform (visual appeal, easy to use, proportional, interactive graphics) and the technical platform based on pedagogical principles (possibility of personalization and independence of learners, competences and technical qualifications of teachers and learners, providing opportunities for interaction and cooperation, appropriateness of educational platforms) and finally comprehensive evaluation (formative evaluation, e-tests, class survey, e-portfolio, peer evaluation). In this study, the highest frequency of extracted codes is assigned to the dimension of interactions, and it indicates that how to communicate in an e-learning environment is the most challenging issue in previous studies. Finally, this study emphasizes the importance of considering appropriate criteria and indicators in the process of teaching and learning the elementary school in the electronic platform, and its proposed model with the provided coordinates could be used as a guide for planners and teachers to enrich their education with the requirements and requirements of the new environment and to take steps towards improving it.

The purpose of this research was to identify the most important pedagogical challenges of primary school education in the e-learning environment. In accordance with this aim, a qualitative research design of the meta-synthesis type was selected. Data were collected using Sandelowski & Barroso (2007)'s seven-stage model. For this purpose, after searching for articles in the databases (during the period 1399-1400 for the nationwide researches and 2020-2021 for the foreign researches), finally, out of 217 articles related to the field of this research, 39 articles that directly address the challenges of primary school education in the e-learning environment, were purposefully selected using the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP), and they were entered into the analysis phase. To analyze the data, the content was analyzed using the categorization method. To evaluate the validity and reliability of the findings, the researcher's self-review criteria and peer review method were used. Finally, in-depth analysis of the previous studies resulted in the representation of 11 main categories, 32 concepts and 242 related codes. Findings showed that the identified pedagogical challenges have included issues on the interaction, teachers, students, parents, teaching method, classroom management, monitoring and evaluation, homework and feedback, educational content, learning outcomes and educational resources. Finally, the results of meta-synthesis emphasized the need for rethinking and preparing appropriate educational mechanisms to reduce the effects of challenges and potential problems, and promoting the positive conditions, and some practical suggestions have been point out.

the aim of the present study is Explaining student retention based on , quality of educational services (course design, organizational support, interaction) in the e-learning environment. The Method of this research paper was descriptive- correlation, The total number of population was 6000 active electronic students of Payamnoor University and out of which, 361 students were selected randomly as the sample population. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The content validity of the research instrument was approved by five experts in the field of educational sciences. And also a confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the measurement instrument's structure. The reliability of the tool was confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was equal to 0.79. The collected data were analyzed in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that there are relationship between quality of educational services (course design, interaction, organizational support and student retention in e-learning environment. Also Regression coefficient indicates that quality of educational services can predict the retention of students in the electronic learning environment of Payam Noor University. Based on findings, to emphasize on quality of educational services (course design, interaction, organizational support) will lead to an increase the retention of Payame Noor University students.

With the spread of the corona virus, the closure of schools and the need to continue education, teachers are forced to provide education on an electronic platform. Among these, one of the basic challenges is how to maintain and improve the motivation level of students. This research seeks to identify the lived experiences of teachers in the field of improving the academic motivation of elementary school students in the e-learning environment. This article is done with the phenomenological (interpretive) method. Participants in this study include all elementary school teachers who had experience of teaching in electronic context in the academic year 2020-2021, and 14 of them were selected using a purposive sampling method. To collect data, a semi-structured virtual interview was used. The analysis of the interviews was done using the Collaizi’s strategy. Finally, 5 main categories and 19 sub-categories were extracted. The findings showed that the effective strategies of teachers to strengthen the motivation of students in the e-learning environment include improving educational components, paying attention to the emotional-psychological characteristics of students, and developing social skills, highlighting scientific education and eventually strengthening aesthetic capacities. The results show that the improvement of educational components had the greatest contribution and the attention to aesthetic dimensions had the least contribution in the set of teachers' motivational strategies. Therefore, to achieve successful results and improve students' learning, it is necessary to use all-round motivators, taking into account the special requirements of the new learning environment and the capacities that can advance students.

One way of making learning English language interesting is through its gamified instruction, especially nowadays that most teachings are done virtually. Doing so, however, requires a valid framework. To construct such a framework a set of 22 peer reviewed papers on language learning and gamified teaching, from among 94 of such papers, was content analyzed and key concepts, and frequently used elements were derived. Furthermore, a group of 20 experts specializing in instructional technology was randomly selected from among all such experts and given a questionnaire on the topic. The results identified the required elements for the framework in gamified virtual teaching/learning of English language. The most applicable elements are feedback, challenge, points, bonuses, ordering tables, levels, progress curves, time pressure, storytelling, scores, personality, results, achievements, narratives, and liking and disliking. The validation process conformed the framework to be a rather reliable one.