مدیران مدارس

The aim of current research is to study effect of school principals' coaching leadership on the creative performance of elementary sports teachers with the mediating role of psychological empowerment.This practical research was done using the survey research method. 321 elementary sports teachers of Golestan were the statistical population of this research. Research sample size was determined by using Cochran's formula of 176 teachers and stratified random selection method was used to select sample. The tools for measuring the variables included three questionnaires of coaching leadership (Ellinger et al 2013), psychological empowerment (Spritzer et al 2005) and creative performance (Zhou and George, 2001). SPSS statistical software was used to perform descriptive analysis on the individual characteristics of research sample and variables. Analyses of inferential part were performed using Smart PLS statistical software.Research findings showed that effect of principals' coaching leadership on the psychological empowerment of sports teachers is positive and significant. The research results showed that principals' coaching leadership has no significant effect on the creative performance of sports teachers. Finally, research findings showed that principals' coaching leadership has a positive and significant effect on the creative performance of sports teachers with mediating role of psychological empowerment.It can be concluded that use of coaching leadership by school principals by improving the empowerment of sports teachers leads to their creative performance. it is suggested to increase the awareness and knowledge of school principals about coaching leadership and encourage them to use this style of leadership in their work .

The current research has been conducted with the aim of designing and evaluating the model of professional ethics of principals of the first secondary schools of Fars province. The method of this research was carried out by adopting a mixed approach and using a sequential exploratory method of the instrument-making type. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part included all principals of the first secondary schools in Fars province. Among them, 17 people were selected by purposive sampling and using the theoretical saturation method.In the quantitative part of the research, the statistical population of the research included 1020 principals of first secondary schools in Fars province, of which 302 were selected as the sample size, based on Morgan's table, using stratified random sampling. In the qualitative part of the research, the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part of the research, the questionnaire of the components of the professional ethics of managers was used in the quantitative part of the research to evaluate the principals of the first year of high school in Fars province. The reliability of the questionnaire is 99/ through Cronbach's alpha. The findings were obtained based on the network of themes of the components of professional ethics of the principals of the first secondary schools of Fars province, in the qualitative section including 4 inclusive themes including individual-personality factors, professional competences, organizational factors and environmental factors and 14 organizing themes including They were value, attitude, disciplinary, technical knowledge, responsibility, empathy, interpersonal relations, managerial-strategic, managerial-specialized, managerial-operational, managerial-communicative, political-legal, social-cultural, and information technology. The results showed that the factors affecting the professional ethics of managers have a significant impact on the behavior of school managers. It is necessary to seriously consider this matter by those involved in the educational system.

The purpose of this study is to compare the competencies of teachers recruited through the 4-year course of Farhangian University and teachers recruited from the recruitment test (Article 28 of the Farhangian University Statute) from the perspective of school principals in Isfahan province. The methodology is based on a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The statistical population of the study is school principals of Isfahan province. In the qualitative part of the research, 18 principals were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method and in the quantitative part, 286 school principals in the province were selected as a sample using cluster sampling method.In the qualitative part, semi-structured interview tools were used and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Open and axial coding method was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part and independent group t-test was used in the quantitative part. The results confirmed the qualitative and quantitative sections of each other. In general, it was concluded that in the opinion of school principals, the qualifications of teachers recruited through the 4-year course of Farhangian University are higher than teachers recruited from the recruitment test (Article 28 of the university statute).

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of culture based on school consistency in the lean behaviors of school administrators with the mediation of coaching leadership.

The quantitative research method was correlation studies and covariance-based structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population included all primary school teachers in Ilam province in the academic year of 2019-2020. A sample size of 339 teachers was selected from this population using proportional stratified random sampling based on Cochran's formula. To collect data from Denison's consistency -based organizational culture questionnaires (2000); The coaching leadership of Pilaz Zuborbuehler et al. (2021) and the researcher-made questionnaire of lean behaviors of school administrators were used. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were checked with Cronbach's alpha techniques, content validity ratio, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis using Lisrel 10.30 software.

The results showed that the culture based on the consistency of schools has a positive effect on the lean behaviors of school administrators at the level of 0.05. The culture based on the consistency of schools through the coaching leadership of administrators has an indirect positive effect on the lean behaviors of administrators at the level of 0.05; Also, the culture based on the consistency of schools and the educational leadership of administrators are able to explain 36% of the variance of lean behaviors of school administrators.

Based on the findings of the research, it is important to pay attention to the role of culture based on the consistency of schools in the emergence and strengthening of the lean behaviors of school administrators, therefore, education officials should analyze the type of organizational culture of schools and on the role of culture based on the consistency of schools to emphasize.

Today, the most promising strategy for sustainable and fundamental school improvement is to develop the ability of school members to function as a professional learning community. Professional learning communities can be understood from their label as a community of professionals who are busy learning. therefore, the aim of the current research is to identify the dimensions and components of the professional learning community of school administrators.

In order to achieve this goal, a systematic review-type documentary research method was used. Based on this, the articles published in the professional learning community of school principals in the years 2016-2024 from the external databases of Springer, Sage, Science Direct, Eric, Scopus, Emerald, as well as the internal databases of Mag-Iran, SID and Normagz, comprehensive humanities portal, Civilica, Iran Science and Information Technology Research Institute (Irandac) and Persian search engine Alam-Net were investigated. After searching, screening based on the subject area and then evaluating the studies, 86 studies were selected as the research sample.

Based on the obtained results, the components of the professional learning community of school administrators in four core components of the personality dimension (including individual components, perceptual components, interaction and collective communication); Professional dimension (including professional commitment and professional learning), organizational dimension (including support and support, collaborative culture, drawing a vision, transformationalism in leadership), approach dimension (including peer coaching and mentoring, informal learning, research-oriented) were identified.

The review of external research conducted in the field of professional learning communities for school principals reminds us this important point  that in order to free principals from the limitations of traditional professional development, attention should be paid to new empowerment approaches such as networking and The formation of professional learning communities is very necessary. However, the study of these researchs shows that there is a tangible theoretical and practical gap in this field. Therefore, recognizing and strengthening the Dimensions and components that affect the participation and cooperation of principals in the field of professional learning activities is a useful step in the direction of empowering principals, improving the teaching activity of teachers, academic progress of students, and subsequently the quality of educational systems will be improved.

The implementation of the Fundamental Reform Document of Education (FRDE) has been one of the significant issues of the education system in our country in the last decade. FRDE, similar to all educational policies and reforms, is affected by the adaption process and is not necessarily implemented according to policymakers’ intentions.The aims of this study is to understand and explain the meaning made by school principals of their role during the implementation of FRDE and investigates how to implement the transformation document. This qualitative study was conducted using the phenomenology method and based on the cognitive framework of sensemaking. Data was gathered through semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 8 public high school principals in four district 3, 6, 7, and 13 of Tehran. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis method of Miles et al. (2014) led to the formation of three main theme categories “ambiguty”, “documentary”, and “individual and situational factors”. Finding illuminates, the ambiguity of FRDE’s text and how it is transitioning to practice. The requirement to act in such a situation leads principals to make another sense of their role and they perceive themselves as documenters. In light of the findings, forming this meaning was affected by individual factors including same-old and to-no-avail attempts, as well as situational factors including the extent of applying, rules and regulations, and value position. According to the findings, despite the efforts made to implement the FRDE in schools, the main purpose of the implementation of it has not been achieved. The attention of policymakers to the factors that shape sensemaking can help in designing educational policies and more effective implementation.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of talent management on meritocracy with the mediation of individual creativity among all public school principals in Ardabil city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of research method, descriptive correlation and based on structural equation model. The statistical population of the current study was made up of all male and female managers working in public schools in Ardabil city in the academic year of 2022-2023, in the number of 355 people, of which 186 people were selected as a sample through stratified random sampling and to measure the variables from a questionnaire. Meritism questionnaire, talent management questionnaire and individual creativity questionnaire were used. Structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data and examine the relationship between the variables. The findings showed that the path coefficient between talent management and meritocracy (0.14) and a significant relationship and talent management on individual creativity (0.54), individual creativity on meritocracy (0.52) and showed a positive and significant relationship . Also, the coefficient of indirect effect between talent management and individual creativity and meritocracy was calculated (0.28). The results of structural equation modeling also showed that individual creativity can play a mediating role in the relationship between talent management and meritocracy.

Organizational loyalty of school administrators is the most important factor affecting their performance. The aim of the current research is to determine the causal relationship between work ethics and organizational loyalty and the mediating role of organizational commitment of Miandoab school principals.

This research is of applied type, correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population is all principals of girls' and boys' schools in Miandoab in all academic years in the academic year 1401-1400, and 262 people were selected as a sample using the proportional stratification method. The tools of data collection were organizational loyalty questionnaires of Kumar and Shekhar (2012), organizational commitment of Balfour and Wechsler (1996) and work ethics of Petty (1995). The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that all three questionnaires have good relative fit. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS 3.2.8 software.

Work ethic has a positive and significant effect on organizational loyalty (p<0.01), organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on organizational loyalty (p<0.01), work ethic has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment (p<0.01). has it. Also, the mediating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between work ethic and organizational loyalty was confirmed (p<0.01).

Because the improvement and development of school performance requires good work ethics and the commitment and loyalty of school administrators towards education. It is necessary for the managers and experts of education regions to pay special attention to this issue in empowering school managers.

Choosing managers in such a way that they can realize the missions and missions of educational systems is one of the serious and strategic issues and challenges of education. Therefore, it is necessary to know the effective and involved factors in the selection of school principals due to their meritorious selection and appointment. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing factors affecting the selection of school principals.

This research was a type of mixed research that was carried out in 1402 using the method of metacomposition and thematic analysis. In terms of purpose, it was applied-developmental and in terms of descriptive-survey method. In the first stage, by searching in various scientific databases, 357 primary sources were extracted in the period from 2000 to 2023, which were mentioned in the keywords of the research. Then, considering the desired criteria, the number of 34 articles and 7 experts were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The validity of the data was obtained by using the Kappa test of 79%. Next, selected sources were analyzed using the theme analysis technique and Max qda software.

The findings show 93 basic themes, 78 organizing themes and 13 overarching themes (competencies, skills, leadership, indigenization, stakeholders, power, collaborative management, experience, professionalism, spirituality, organizational commitment, accountability, networking), as effective factors on the selection of school principals in Iran. In order to prioritize the factors in terms of their importance, using the opinions of 7 experts from Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and the General Department of Education of Khuzestan province, and using SPSS software (Friedman ranking), the mentioned factors were ranked.

The results showed that the factors of "networking", "core competency" and "stakeholders" have the highest degree of importance, respectively. So; Education planners and policymakers should pay special attention to three important factors in selecting and appointing school principals in addition to other factors.

Introduction and Goal: 

The present research was conducted in line with the design and explanation of the model of the effect of job plateauing and organizational reputation on the job entrapment of elementary school principals.

In terms of purpose, it is a part of applied research, and in terms of the nature of the research, it is descriptive and correlational. The size of the statistical population was formed by all the principals of the primary schools of Khoi city in 1402 in the number of 238 people, the size of the statistical sample in the present research was considered equal to the statistical population, in order to Data were collected from the questionnaires of Femberan and Van Riel's organizational reputation (2003), job entrapment by Robinson et al. (2014) and Bardwick's plateau (2012). Cronbach's alpha was obtained above 0.7. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (structural equations) methods were used to analyze the data. Considering the non-normality of data distribution, structural equation analysis and path analysis were used using pls software.

The results showed that the model of the effect of job plateauing and organizational reputation on the job isolation of primary school principals has a good fit (t=6.044, t=8.509; p>0.01), in addition, the results show that It was found that organizational reputation has a positive and significant effect on the job isolation of elementary school principals in Khoi city (z=0.559; p>0.01), in addition, the effect of job plateauing on job isolation is inverse and significant. 0.392-=z > 0.01(.

Organizational reputation has a positive and significant effect on the job entrapment of primary school principals, while job plateauing has an inverse and significant effect on this entrapment. The overall model also had a favorable fit.

The current research has been conducted with the aim of designing and evaluating the model of professional ethics of principals of the first secondary schools of Fars province. The method of this research was carried out by adopting a mixed approach and using a sequential exploratory method of the instrument-making type. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part included all principals of the first secondary schools in Fars province. Among them, 17 people were selected by purposive sampling and using the theoretical saturation method.In the quantitative part of the research, the statistical population of the research included 1020 principals of first secondary schools in Fars province, of which 302 were selected as the sample size, based on Morgan's table, using stratified random sampling. In the qualitative part of the research, the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part of the research, the questionnaire of the components of the professional ethics of managers was used in the quantitative part of the research to evaluate the principals of the first year of high school in Fars province. The reliability of the questionnaire is 99/ through Cronbach's alpha. The findings were obtained based on the network of themes of the components of professional ethics of the principals of the first secondary schools of Fars province, in the qualitative section including 4 inclusive themes including individual-personality factors, professional competences, organizational factors and environmental factors and 14 organizing themes including They were value, attitude, disciplinary, technical knowledge, responsibility, empathy, interpersonal relations, managerial-strategic, managerial-specialized, managerial-operational, managerial-communicative, political-legal, social-cultural, and information technology. The results showed that the factors affecting the professional ethics of managers have a significant impact on the behavior of school managers. It is necessary to seriously consider this matter by those involved in the educational system.

The present study aimed to develop and validate a professional development model for high-school principals. This was an applied and cross-sectional research in terms of objective and time, respectively, and had a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). The participants in the qualitative section included 22 experts related to the research topic in North Khorasan Province, selected by purposive sampling. Data obtained from semi-structured interviews were coded and their validity and reliability were approved based on the experts' and participants’ opinions and the agreement coefficient (CVR=0.87), respectively. The statistical population in the quantitative section included 1957 high-school principals in various academic semesters during 2019-2020, 322 of whom were selected by cluster sampling based on Morgan’s Table. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on professors’ opinions and its reliability was approved at a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88. From the perspective of the experts, the six dimensions of professional development included educational leadership, strategic leadership, communication management, organizational management, and ethical leadership, professional development and 14 components were management on learning and teaching, creating a favorable learning environment, curriculum evaluation, vision drawing, continuous improvement of schools, effective communication, relationship with stakeholders, operations management, resource management, individual and team leadership, professional ethics, principles, and Islamic ethical norms, development of their profession and development of human resources profession

Abstract

Leadership, in any organization, can be the most important factor in the growth or death of an organization. The world, today is a knowledge-based society, which shows the need for choosing an effective and appropriate leadership model that is appropriate to the changes and educational reforms, especially in the field of school principals’ leadership. The aim of the present study was to develop an intelligent leadership model for school principals.research

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. The research was conducted in a mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) way. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative phase consists of 23 experts (academic experts and experts at the management levels of education) who were selected purposefully until theoretical saturation. The statistical population in the quantitative phase consists of 126 secondary school principals of Ilam County. This study was done using Delphi technique in three phases. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is interview and in the quantitative part is a researcher-made questionnaire on factors affecting the intelligent leadership of school principals with 66 items. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by judgmental method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 0.87, which indicated the adequate reliability of the questionnaire.

According to the findings; 66 influential factors were extracted and classified into 20 sub-indicators and 5 main indicators of Strategic leadership, operational leadership, transformational leadership, charismatic leadership and spiritual-emotional leadership.Conclusion The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the developed model of intelligent leadership of school principals is credible.

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, more than ever, the need for "futuristic education" was felt. Future-oriented education draws future horizons based on foresight and considering future conditions. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the necessity of future research in educational institutions with a case study of the professional development of primary school principals. Qualitative research was conducted using systematic review method. First, theoretical and research backgrounds related to the professional development of school principals were examined, and then foreign studies from 2013-2023 and domestic studies from 2015 to 2021 were carefully examined and the most relevant studies were selected. The findings of 24 foreign studies and 25 domestic studies were analyzed. Based on the findings, 30 frequent core components were identified that were effective in the professional development of school administrators. In their research, the researchers have mostly considered the existing situation and in order to raise the level of professional development of school administrators, they have presented their results and findings in the form of models or suggestions, and they have not been concerned about possible futures, and in case they have this concern, they have addressed the mentioned issue with the approach They have not investigated future research.

Considering that a native model for sharing managerial experiences is not available for primary school principals, however, this group of principals seriously need such a model to improve the level of their managerial experiences. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify strategies for sharing management experiences in primary schools.

The research method was qualitative-phenomenological. The research environment included all primary school principals over 25 years of experience, which was continued by purposeful sampling method until the saturation of sampling up to 29 people. In-depth interviews were used to gather the required data. Data analysis is coded, open, axial and selective.

In general, the research findings showed 253 open codes, 10 selected codes (job security, organizational trust, job motivation, knowledge management, evaluation review, organizational commitment, job conflict, open organizational atmosphere, group cooperation, Organizational learning) and 29 core codes (learning management models, learning learns, learning new methods, collaborating for improvement, collaborating to find resources, collaborating for integration, motivation for school growth and development, individual motivation, social motivation, evaluating principal participation, evaluation Learning leadership, school process evaluation, knowledge storage, knowledge organization, knowledge sharing, trust in the organization, trust in colleagues, trust in the job, normative commitment, emotional commitment, continuous commitment, free communication with each other, informality, delegation Perfectionism, inspiration from the environment, job stability, job accreditation, job comfort) were extracted in relation to strategies for sharing the experiences of school principals.

Primary school management is the most important educational course for children and therefore needs to address their weaknesses on the one hand and their growth, development and promotion on the other hand. Sharing the experiences of primary school principals is one of the important strategies that Improving the quality of primary schools is multifaceted.

the researcher in the present study has examined the competencies required of school principals in the digital era. Due to the nature of the subject and the objectives of the research, a qualitative method has been used. Due to the fact that in this study, based on the perceptions and experiences of principals, assistant principals, and technology experts of schools, the required competencies of school principals are analyzed, therefore, the grounded theory qualitative strategy has been used. Participants in the study were 15 members of the school community who have had experience in participating in virtual courses. The research collection tool included an 8-item protocol containing the main objectives of the research. The justifiability of this protocol was confirmed by expert professors and its reliability was confirmed by reliability method. Individuals' perspectives on the coding process were analyzed using Nvivo software. The results showed that the most important competencies required for school principals in the digital era are summarized in 5 main components including: coordination and cooperation, the need for specialized digital knowledge, the ability to manage virtual systems, changing the structure and rules of the school and changing the Managers' role and style.

The purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate model for the successful implementation of online education from the perspective of school principals. In accordance with the purpose, the research was conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach and using the data analysis method of the foundation. Expert managers of online education in schools of Kermanshah province formed the population of this research. Using purposive sampling method, 13 people were selected as the research sample and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The validity of the questions was verified using the opinion of experts in the field of online education. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding using MAXQDA software. The validity of the findings was obtained using the member matching method and peer review. The results show 65 sub-categories and 20 main categories including lesson planning and planning, teaching-learning activities, teacher competence and skills, support and empathy, providing online education, participation and interaction with students, parent participation, use of up-to-date technology In the field of online education, strengthening human and technological infrastructure, protecting users' privacy in cyberspace, classroom atmosphere, assessment, quality development, teacher empowerment, facilitating the teaching and learning process, providing opportunities to update knowledge, improve performance And there was more productivity, flexibility, communication skills and active learning, which were categorized into six main categories including causal conditions, central phenomena, contextual factors, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences.

The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model for green management with a sustainable development approach. The current research is developmental in terms of purpose, and this study was conducted based on the grounded theory methodology. The participants included 26 experts in the field of environment, experienced principals of secondary schools, sustainable development experts in the Department of Education of East Azerbaijan Province, and professors with knowledge in the field of green management from Azad University and Tabriz University. In order to achieve theoretical saturation in the semi-structured interview, the sample was selected purposefully and by snowball method. The validity of the data was confirmed with acceptability, transferability, verifiability, and reliability. Strauss and Corbin's three-stage coding process (open, central, selective) with MAXQDA software was applied to analyze data. The results of the research indicate that the causal factors affecting the green management of secondary schools include green futurism, the establishment of the environmental management system, and strategic developments. Functional isolation, limitations, professional health barriers, and lack of commitment are intervening factors. Sustainable transportation, use of clean technology, saving energy, and managing water consumption and waste are identified as actions. Total quality management implementation, social impacts, and performance improvement are extracted as outcome factors. Finally, the results of the selective coding showed that the main factors are teaching the protection of basic resources and the environment, the development of green technology, and sustainable culture to modify the consumption pattern.

The present study aimed to develop and validate a professional development model for high-school principals.This was an applied and cross-sectional research in terms of objective and time, respectively, and had a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). The participants in the qualitative section included 22 experts related to the research topic in North Khorasan Province, selected by purposive sampling. Data obtained from semi-structured interviews were coded and their validity and reliability were approved based on the experts' and participants’ opinions and the agreement coefficient (CVR=0.87), respectively. The statistical population in the quantitative section included 1957 high-school principals in various academic semesters during 2019-2020, 340 of whom were selected by cluster sampling based on Morgan’s Table.From the perspective of the experts, the five dimensions of professional development included educational leadership, strategic leadership, communication management, organizational management, and ethical leadership, and 14 components were management on learning and teaching, creating a favorable learning environment, curriculum evaluation, vision drawing, continuous improvement of schools, effective communication, relationship with stakeholders, operations management, resource management, individual and team leadership, professional ethics, principles, and Islamic ethical norms, development of their profession and development of human resources profession.According to the results of structural equations with PLS Smart22 showed that the research variables were able to predict professional development at a 0.69 level. It is notable that the overall goodness of fit of the model was favorable (GOF=0.54).