مدیریت زمان

The purpose of the current research was to identify the relationship between time management and job burnout of physical education teachers of exceptional schools in Ardabil province. The research was applied and based on the descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population includes all the physical education teachers of the exceptional schools of Ardabil city, included 75 people, and due to the small number of these teachers, the entire statistical population was considered as the sample size and by the random sampling method. became The data collection tool was Bowie and Head's (2001) standard time management questionnaires and Moslesh and Jeskon (1986) burnout questionnaire. The reliability rate for time management and job burnout questionnaires was 0.86 and 0.87, respectively, which is the reliability of the questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the find ings. The research results indicate that there is a significant relationship between time management and burnout. There is a direct relationship between planning and emotional exhaustion, decrease in individual performance and personality deterioration. There is a direct relationship between organization and emotional exhaustion, decreased individual performance and personality deterioration. There is a significant relationship between leadership and emotional exhaustion, decrease in indiv idual performance and personality dete rioration. According to the findings, it can be concluded that teachers who are familiar with effective and special time management skills, because they can use their time efficiently and compensate for its lack, are less stressed and As a result, they suffer less job burnout.

The objective of this study was to qualitatively analyze the impact of soft skills training on the academic success of university students. This qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 24 university students from Tehran. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure a diverse representation. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify open, axial, and selective codes that represent the core themes related to the impact of soft skills training. The study identified several key themes that highlight the influence of soft skills on academic success. These include improved communication skills, enhanced self-awareness, better time management, and increased critical thinking abilities. The findings revealed that students who participated in soft skills training experienced higher motivation, reduced stress, and improved relationships with peers and faculty, all of which contributed to their academic success. The analysis also showed that these skills help in better problem-solving, effective decision-making, and overall academic resilience. Soft skills training plays a crucial role in enhancing students' academic performance by equipping them with essential non-technical skills that improve their ability to navigate academic challenges. The results underscore the importance of integrating soft skills development into higher education curricula to foster holistic student development and better prepare them for future professional success.

The purpose of this research was to develop and validate the pattern of time management skills for the first secondary school . The research method is purposeful, applied and developmental in terms of the type of qualitative-quantitative research. In the qualitative part, by means of content analysis, the constituent items of time management skills components were identified through the review of scientific texts. The tool used in this study was review of texts. For the validity and reliability of the qualitative part, the techniques of reliability were used, and for the quantitative part, content validity and Cronbach's alpha were used. Quantitative research data using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative section of 325 by random sampling method among teachers and school principals with academic and experimental backgrounds in the fields of psychology, counseling, educational management and curriculum were collected and analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the results obtained in the qualitative section, the time management skills model has 54 categories and 14 components, including knowledge about their cognitive system, knowledge about time management, knowledge about time management strategies, basic knowledge about time management, Positive attitude towards time, sense of responsibility, self-confidence, resilience and perseverance, self-regulation, systems thinking, creative thinking, critical thinking, flexibility, planning, implementation, evaluation, monitoring and review and 3 organizing themes including cognitive, attitudinal, and time management skill that has been endorsed by first secondary school teachers.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of time management training on reducing Internet addiction among secondary school students in Kerman. The design of this research was a semiexperimental pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the research included all the students of the second level of high school in Kerman city in the academic year of 2021-2022. The number of 30 students was selected as a sample and then they were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups of 15 people each by lottery method. Both groups responded to Young's Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1998) in the pre-test and post-test phases. After selecting the sample, time management training was conducted in a group manner for the experimental group, for 8 sessions of 90 minutes per week, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics methods such as multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that time management training has an effect on the reduction of Internet addiction among secondary school students. Therefore, it is suggested to school managers, teachers and counselors to familiarize students with the disadvantages and threats of excessive and extreme use of virtual space and managing the time of its use, and by creating a fresh atmosphere in the school environment, it causes excitement and Enthusiasm and eventually increase the attachment and improve the academic performance of students towards the school.

Exam anxiety is one of the common problems in school that has many negative consequences and examining the psychological and behavioral components that affect it can help provide effective solutions to solve this problem. For this purpose, the aim of the present study was to predict test anxiety based on academic engagement, perfectionism and time management mediated by academic help-seeking in students.

This study is an applied research with a correlation method based on structural model.The statistical population was all fifth and sixth grade elementary students in District 5 of Tehran in the academic year 1400-1401, from which 250 students were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. Research tools were questionnaires of academic engagement (Pentrich et al.'s, 1991) with a reliability of 0.75, perfectionism (Frost, 1990) with a reliability of 0.84, time management (Mourhead & Griffin, 1989) with a reliability of 0.81, academic help-seeking (Ryan & Pantrich, 1997) with a reliability of 0.79 and test anxiety (Friedman, 1997) with a reliability of 0.87. Research data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in AMOS22 software.

Results: 

The proposed research model has a good fit and the indirect effects of academic engagement, perfectionism and time management on exam anxiety through academic help- seeking are significant (P <0.05).

Considering the importance of exam anxiety and its effect on academic performance, the results of this study include important points for policy makers in the field of education.

In the cultural and social atmosphere of Iranian society, the entrance exam has a special role in the fate of students; Therefore, the entrance exam phenomenon has been the focus of Iranian researchers. The aim of the current research is to investigate the causes, background, strategy and consequences of the entrance exam failure, through qualitative method and foundational data theory approach. The method of data collection in the present study was through in-depth interview and coding process following the analytical model of Strauss and Corbin. The statistical population of the present study was formed by the entrance examination students of three southern cities of Kerman province, namely Jiroft, Kohnouj and Rudbar South in 2019, from which 10 people, including 6 boys and 4 girls, were selected for the interview with the available sampling method and maximum variety. became After going through the research process, findings were obtained, including the necessity of all-round personal and social awareness, attention to curricular and non-curricular components, the importance of nobility and control over the atmosphere after entrance exam and receiving effective experiences, also in the individual dimension, findings such as The importance of student's motivation, effort, mental issues, time management, etc., and in the social dimension, the up-to-dateness and adequacy of educational facilities, the interaction of educational institutions and family, etc., were obtained

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Brian Tracy's time management training on reducing dependence on cyberspace and improving the academic adjustment of Farhangian University students during the Corona period. The research design was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population was all students of Farhangian University of Khajeh Nasir in Kerman in the academic year 2022. 40 people were selected as the sample by targeted sampling method and randomly assigned to an experimental group (20 people) and a control group (20 people). The intervention group underwent 90 minutes of Brian Tracy time management training in 8 sessions once a week. However, no intervention was performed on the control group during this period. The cyberspace dependency questionnaire of Khajeh Ahmadi et al. And the Baker and Cyriac educational adjustment questionnaire were administered to them. The reliability level of Cronbach's alpha method was reported as 0.90 in the virtual space dependence questionnaire and 0.80 in the academic adjustment questionnaire, and the validity of both questionnaires was confirmed. In order to describe the data, central indexes of mean and standard deviation and multivariate covariance analysis test were used using SPSS version 23 software. The results of analysis of covariance showed that Brian Tracy's time management training reduced dependence on cyberspace and improved academic adjustment. According to the results of the present study, Brian Tracy's time management training was effective in reducing dependence on cyberspace and improving academic adjustment. Therefore, this intervention can be used to reduce the problems of Farhangian University students during the Corona.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of virtual education through a Shad program on motivation for progress and time management in eleventh grade female high school students in Kerman city. The members of the community include all the eleventh-grade female students of the second secondary school (3395 people) in Kerman. 40 students were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups as a sample. The data collection tools in the study were the Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (ACMT) (1994) and the standard questionnaire management of Moorhead and Griffin (1989). To analyze the data in the descriptive part of the scale Analysis of variance, standard deviation, and mean were used and in the inferential section, the analysis of covariance was used to measure the effect of the Shad program. The results showed that Shad social network training was effective in increasing students' achievement motivation and time management so students and teachers should participate in appropriate workshops. In other words, using the Shad program increased the motivation of students to progress. Also, using the shad educational system helped to manage more time students and made them manage their time better than before. Therefore, the use of Shad program in the post-corona training period and even face-to-face training, along with a variety of teaching methods, is suggested as another educational assistance software.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of time management training on students' academic self-efficacy. The experimental research method was pretest and posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all seventh grade female students in the 4th district of Qom province, amounting to 2457 people who were studying in the 1397-98 academic year. The Jenkins-Morgan Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (1999) was administered as a pretest in both groups (experimental and control) and then the experimental group was trained in time management skills in 10 sessions of 45 minutes. At the end of the sessions, the questionnaire was assessed again in two groups. Morgan and Jenkins reported the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire as 0.82 and the reliability coefficient of each of the subscales of talent, effort and texture as 0.78, 0.66 and 0.70, respectively. Analysis of data based on Kolmogorov-Smirinov test and mixed analysis of covariance between in-subjects showed that time management training had a significant effect on all three components of academic self-efficacy: aptitude, effort and context of students' academic self-efficacy. Self-efficacy potential in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group because p was calculated to be 0.059. If time management skills are taught in schools with more emphasis, it will lead to the institutionalization and use of time management by students as much as possible.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of time management training and proper use of mobile phones, social media, and cyberspace on attachment patterns, children's behavioral problems, and the rate of internet addiction in parents of kindergarten children. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. From all mothers of kindergarten children in district 2 of Tehran, 30 people were selected as a sample by multistage random sampling method. The research instruments included the Internet Addiction Test (IAT, Kimberly Young), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL, Achenbach), and the Attachment Q-Set. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of attachment pattern, children's behavioral problems, and internet addiction between the experimental and control groups in the post-test. The training was effective in managing time and parents' proper use of mobile phones, social media, and cyberspace. It also improved attachment, reduced children's behavioral problems, and reduced internet addiction in the parents of kindergarten children.

Using time optimally plays a significant role in humans’ success which is only accessible via time management. Given the significance of proper productivity of time, the question arising here is what methods can be employed for using time optimally? The present article aims to answer this question using a descriptive-analytical method and a library study of Zahra's (PBUH) tradition. The author carefully analyzed the content of the narrations and a new view of the hadiths. The research findings indicated that Fatimat al-Zahra (PBUH) was active in all aspects of personal, family, social and worship, and this is not possible with time management. The methods of time management in her life are: 1- division of work; 2- no delay in doing; 3- Preservation of valuable information; 4- Presence of suitable place for each device; 5- Performance of multiple tasks simultaneously; 6- competition 7- relaxation 8-  and attention to the present time.

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between time management skills and job stress among female high school teachers. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was all the female high school teachers in Ardabil city (N=530), from among whom, 216 teachers were selected based on Morgan's sampling table with a stratified random sampling method. The data were collected by Bordbar Job Stress Questionnaire and Queen's Time Management Questionnaire. The formal and content validity of both questionnaires were confirmed using experts’ opinion, and their reliability was estimated via Cronbach's alpha method, which was 0/87 for job stress and 0/76 for time management questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using one group t-test, correlation coefficient and analysis of variance. The findings of the research showed that there is a significant negative relationship between time management skills and job stress among teachers; The current status of teachers' time management skills is in a desirable level, but the job stress of teachers were higher than the mean. Teachers with more work experience had the highest level of time management skills, and younger teachers had more job stress than older colleagues.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of two strategic planning and time management constructs in children and adolescents with MS.

This study was a causal-comparative study with post-event design and control group. The statistical population comprises all children and adolescents with MS who are members of the MS Society of Iran. For this purpose, 30 MS patients and 30 non-MS patients aged 18 years and younger were selected by convenience sampling method &evaluated by parental version of the BRIEF Questionnaire. The results of children and adolescents affected were compared with non-infected samples. (The tool of the present study was BRIEF questionnaire (Gioia, Isquith, Guy & Kenworthy, 2000) and data were analyzed using independent t-test, analysis of variance and correlation in version 26 of spss software.)

Analysis of the planning variable showed that the mean of children with MS was significantly higher than non-infected children (t = 5.758, df = 58, p< 0.000) and a significant correlation between this construct and educational status were observed (p<0.020). Resultsof the study of time management variable were similar to the previous one (t = 5.394, df = 58, p< 0.000), but no significant correlation was found between this variable and educational status (p<0.691).

As a result of the analyzes, it was found that children and adolescents with MS have a significant deficits in their planning and time management components compared to their non-MS counterparts. However, weakness in the planning component can also affect their educational status.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the relationship between time management and creativity and self-regulation of elementary school students. The present study was carried out in accordance with the purpose and nature of the application which has been used for descriptive-correlative method. The statistical population of this study was 730 students of Saadabad primary school. The sample was selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. A sample size of this study was three questionnaires: self-regulation learning strategies, creativity Torrance and Time Management Questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics of correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used. The results showed that there is a meaningful relationship between time management and creativity and self-regulation of students. Time management has significant relationship with students' creativity dimensions. There is a meaningful relationship between time management and self-regulatory dimensions of students. Keywords: time management, creativity, self-regulation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-directed on personal knowledge management of school managers. The research method was descriptive survey and the research tools were the self-directed scale of sheikhnezami and the personal knowledge management scale of Bagheri. Validity of the questionnaires was calculated using Case's analysis and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method, which was 0.85 for self-directed and 0.92 for personal knowledge management. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including linear regression analysis and multiple regression analysis using SPSS software and path analysis using Lisrel software. Findings showed that self-directed have a significant effect on personal knowledge management of school managers. Self-directed dimensions including self-education, time management, communication skills, document management, professional growth planning, and attention to physical and mental health have a positive and significant effect on personal knowledge management in Lamard schools managerss. The simultaneous effect of variables in the final model using multiple regression and path analysis showed that all self-directed dimensions have a positive and significant predictive value for personal knowledge management in managers of Lamerd city schools.

  the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of time-management training on creativity and its components of students in elementary school. Semi-experimental research was a pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study included all female students of the sixth grade of elementary school in Sabzevar city (2016-17 academic years). For this purpose, 40 female students of sixth grade girl students were selected through a cluster sampling method in one of the Shahed schools. They were randomly assigned to two groups named experimental (20 persons) and control (20 persons). Pretest was done on both groups. The experimental group received a time management training program in ten sessions of 60 minutes, while the control group did not receive any plans. After two weeks training the post-test was performed on both groups. The instrument was Abedi Creativity Questionnaire (1985). The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (covariance analysis). The results showed that time management training had a positive and significant effect on creativity and elaboration and originality components; but not significant effect on fluency and flexibility components. According to the results, it could be said that time management training reinforce creativity thinking of students in science class, so attention to role of time management training for enhancing students creativity thinking is recommenced to the teachers

Intrusive thoughts role in diferent disorders, deviation of attention from cognitive activities, oncentration lack and stop in cognitive and behavioral functions, is one of the major issues in psychology literature. Determination of effectiveness of intrusive thoughts management training on time management skills and academic self-efficacy of high school students, was purposes of this study. The research was a quantitative, semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, with the control group. The research environment was all high school girls' schools in Arak (academic year 96-95). 30 students were selected through stepwise cluster sampling. Measurement tool was a time management and self-efficacy questionnaires. Data were analyzed by means of ANOVA with repeated measurements. The findings showed a significant effect of the management training on intrusive thoughts on time management skills and academic self-efficacy of students. Training of managing the intrusive thoughts can reduce the outcomes of these thoughts and improve the skills of time management and student self-efficacy.

The purpose of this study was to identify and validate time management components from the perspective of Islamic teachings by theme analysis approach. The research was carried out through a mixed method, and used a kind of exploratory sequential tool-making design. In the qualitative part, through theme analysis approach, the constructive dimensions and items of time management component were identified from Islamic perspective; in the quantitative part, these components were validated and prioritized. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part was composed of Islamic sources, including Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah that were analyzed by extracting and studying all the time-relevant books, ahadith, and verses. And the statistical population of the research in the quantitative part was composed of the school principals of Kazeroon who were selected by simple random sampling method. Text-mining and researcher-made questionnaire were the tool used in this research. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.93 for the questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by factor analysis. The research data were analyzed in the qualitative part by theme analysis method. In the quantitative part, the confirmatory factor analysis was used. Based on the results obtained in the qualitative part, the time management model from the perspective of Islamic teachings consisted of five components: commitment, management, conscientiousness, insight and meditation.  The validity of these components was approved by the school principals.