والدین

Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, this study aimed to explore teachers’ and parents’ perceptions of the challenges in teaching the Quran to first-grade elementary students during the 2022–2023 academic year. The target group included parents and teachers from Yazd, selected through criterion-based purposeful sampling, with 17 teachers and 4 parents participating. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed via Colaizzi’s seven-step technique. During initial coding, 212 open codes were generated, which were reduced to 103 codes through condensation. The identified challenges were categorized into 4 main themes and 19 sub-themes. Challenges related to the design and development of the Quran textbook with 8 sub-themes, shortcomings in the implementation of the Quran curriculum with 5 sub-themes, challenges arising from the inherent nature of Quran as a subject with 3 sub-themes, and sociocultural and belief-related challenges with 3 sub-themes. The findings suggest that addressing challenges related to promoting Quranic culture in society requires collaboration with cultural institutions and synergy among governmental bodies.

The purpose of this research was to analyse the implementation barriers of qualitative-descriptive evaluation in the virtual platform from the point of view of teachers and students of the primary school and was carried out with a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method. The research field encompassed all teachers and elementary school students from Educational Region 18 in Tehran. A total of twenty participants from each group were selected using purposive sampling and a criterion-based, accessible, and snowball strategy, followed by semi-structured interviews. The data analysis, through Glaser's seven-step coding strategy, led to the identification of four main themes and 16 subthemes for the teachers' group and 12 subthemes for the students' group. The results indicate that the matter of descriptive assessment in virtual education poses serious challenges from the stakeholders' perspective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-compassion training on suicidal thoughts and experiential avoidance of parents with children with physical disabilities.The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest/posttest design and a control group.The statistical population of the study included all parents with children with physical and motor disabilities covered by the welfare of Kermanshah in 2023. Among them, 20 people (16 women and 4 men) were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (10 people in each group). The tools used included suicide ideation scale (BSSI) and acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ-II). The experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of self-compassion training based on Gilbert's protocol, and the control group did not receive any program. Data analysis was done by SPSS-24 software using univariate analysis of covariance.The results showed that self-compassion training has an effect on reducing suicidal thoughts and experiential avoidance of parents with children with physical disabilities (P<0.001). Therefore, self-compassion can be used to prevent suicide and also to increase the acceptance of feelings and emotions of parents with children with physical disabilities.

The aim of this research was to phenomenologically understand the experiences of elementary school teachers and the parents of students regarding the advantages of the Quran curriculum for the first-grade students in the 2022-2023 academic year. this qualitative research was conducted using a phenomenological approach. The study population included 2,315 teachers and 18,922 parents in Yazd city and sampling was conducted purposefully and continued until data saturation was reached. Ultimately, 14 teachers and 4 parents participated were selected as the final research sample. The research tool was a semi-structured interview and the analysis of the interviews was performed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. To ensure the accuracy of the findings, triangulation techniques including member checking, peer review, and researcher reflexivity were employed. The findings were categorized into 4 main themes and 15 sub-themes and the participants' evaluation of the developed content indicated its acceptability.

One of the effective levels of educational communication in the implementation of the curriculum is the interpersonal communication between teachers and parents, which has a special and effective place in the current education system.Research questions: What experiences do teachers have regarding the reasons for communicating with parents to implement the elementary school curriculum? What are parents' experiences regarding the reasons for communicating with parents in order to implement the elementary school curriculum? In the present study, the causes of interpersonal communication between teachers and parents in elementary school have been investigated using a qualitative and phenomenological method. The scope of the study was made up of parents and teachers of elementary school students in Birjand city. According to the nature of the study, the purposeful sampling method was used, and the data was collected through in-depth interviews of 12 parents and 13 teachers. Collaizi analysis method was used to analyze the collected data. Guba and Lincoln (1985) criteria were used to evaluate the results. Findings from the lived experiences of parents and teachers regarding the causes of teacher-parent interpersonal communication in seven main themes of "news and awareness", "participation and support", "educational and training", "guidance and consultation", "monitoring and care", "de-crisis" and "criticism and revenge" were summed up. In general, the findings of the study showed that the causes of interpersonal communication between parents and teachers are in a range of communication from the low level of news and awareness to the stage of criticism and revenge. In the course of this communication, in the first stages, it is done with the aim of informing news and raising awareness about educational and educational processes, and then communication continues at higher levels such as educational and educational issues, guidance and supervision, and finally, in case of problems, the role of communication is directed towards de-crisis. In case of escalation of crises, criticism and revenge become the focus of communication. From the findings of the study, it can be concluded that parents and teachers have communicated with each other for various reasons, and each of these communication reasons has influenced the management of the teaching-learning process and has changed the course of curriculum implementation.

The objective of the present study is to examine the ruling regarding the obligation of upbringing from a jurisprudential perspective. The research method is document–analytical and qualitative, with data collection based on evidences derived from Kitāb, Sunnah, ijmāʿ, and ʿaql. The findings indicate that upbringing is a continuous and dynamic process aimed at the holistic development (physical, cognitive, psychological, affective, social, etc.) of the child, facilitating his/her attainment of existential perfections. In Islam, upbringing possesses an intrinsic normative essence and must be pursued as a means of drawing near to God; across all schools of thought, its implementation is regarded as an inescapable imperative. Jurists, based on ijtihadi evidences in various spheres of upbringing—particularly in religious and moral education—have ruled the obligation of upbringing. This duty has either been deemed an independent obligation or rendered obligatory as a prerequisite to another duty, with jurists considering it, at the very least, as a wājib kifāyah. Consequently, the upbringing of children—based on specific evidences—has been deemed obligatory for two groups: the family and the government. The family is incumbent not only with the duty of guardianship but also with engaging in all spheres of upbringing, especially in the religious and moral education of children. Likewise, the ruling authority is obligated to provide the societal framework for upbringing and, by employing educational institutions, to adequately promote religious and moral instruction among the populace. Moreover, as jurists have declared the undertaking of upbringing obligatory, its neglect by parents, legal guardians, educators, and those entrusted with educational institutions is considered haram. Undoubtedly, the realization of this imperative necessitates criminalization and the provision of enforceable guarantees by the legislator.

The main goal of the current research was to analyze the problem of private tutoring and the associated challenges in Yazd. The research also expands the theoretical perspectives on private tutoring. The findings of this research can be beneficial for teachers, educational institution planners, parents, and students in practical applications.

The research methodology employed in this study was qualitative and based on Grounded Theory principles. The target group was the parents of students who applied for private tutoring in the academic year of 2001-2001 in Yazd. Using the purposeful sampling method, 12 parents participated in the research. Sampling continued until the theoretical data saturation stage. The research tool was semi-structured in-depth interview. The data was analyzed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) open, axial and selective coding method. In order to ensure the accuracy of the findings, based on "Triangulation" techniques, matching by members, peer review, collaborative research, and researcher rethinking were used.

Finally, 29 sub-categories were classified in the form of 6 components of the systematic grounded theory. Causal factors with 5 subcategories, background factors with 5 subcategories, intervening factors with 5 subcategories, positive consequences with (5) subcategories and negative consequences with (9) subcategories and (1) central phenomenon were identified. The results indicated various favorable outcomes, including enhanced student performance in examinations, improved results in entrance assessments, better overall test performance, job opportunities for special educators leading to increased income, and the alleviation of educational deficiencies through compensatory actions. Various strategies have been proposed to address the challenges and negative impacts associated with the prevalent practice of private tutoring among families and students. These strategies encompass a range of approaches, including conducting private tutoring sessions at home or within school premises, offering private counseling services, integrating private tutoring with formal educational programs, addressing issues and assessments within educational institutions, improving the quality of education in mainstream schools to tackle deficiencies, reducing the societal emphasis on entrance examinations, guiding students towards technical fields, and increasing oversight of educational activities in such contexts. The adverse effects of private tutoring include limitations on creativity and critical thinking, neglect of skill development and vocational training, commercialization and elitism in education (in conflict with the principles of inclusive education), psychological and physical harm to students leading to anxiety, stress, and depression, perpetuation of social stratification, and maintenance of educational inequalities.

Research findings indicate that various internal and external factors contribute to the development of private tutoring, influencing both its supply and demand. It is recommended to study this phenomenon from diverse viewpoints to guide micro and macro-level decision-making and policy formulation for efficient administration.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment training on anger control and resilience in parents and children with learning disabilities.

The research method is semi-experimental with pre-test design and post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted of parents of male and female students with learning disabilities who had referred to two special learning problems centers in Malekan city in 2020-2021. In this study, 30 parents of students with learning disabilities were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (15 people) and control groups (15 people). The subjects of the experimental group received training on acceptance and commitment in 8 sessions. In order to collect data, Spielberger's Anger Control (STAXI-2) and Connor-Davidson Resilience (CD-RIS) questionnaires were used. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS.26 software and multivariate covariance analysis method.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the anger control and resilience scores of the two groups after applying the acceptance and commitment training (P<0.05). In other words, the results showed that acceptance and commitment training increased anger control and increased resilience in the experimental group.

Considering that acceptance and commitment training has increased anger control and resilience in the experimental group, as a result, acceptance and commitment training can be used as an educational protocol to control anger and improve the resilience of parents of children with learning disabilities.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the educational expectations of teachers, parents and classmates from the educational content of e-learning in the elementary school of Ashnoye city..

The current research was applied in terms of purpose and analytical survey research in terms of method. The statistical population of this research included all 1221 sixth grade students of Ashnoye city. 281 people were selected by random sampling with the help of Karjesi and Morgan’s table. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the educational expectations of teachers, parents and classmates was used. In order to estimate the validity of the questionnaire and the questions asked in it, from the point of view of the supervisor, experts and professors familiar with the research subject and the questionnaire, the reliability of this tool was calculated as 0.70 using Cronbach’s formula. The statistical analysis method of this research is using correlation t test.

Considering the findings from the assumptions and results obtained from the table, there is a significant difference between the educational expectations of teachers, parents and classmates regarding the educational content of e-learning. E-learning creates interaction between the teacher and students, which in turn increases the motivation to learn and remember information in students.

The results confirm that the educational attitudes and expectations of teachers, parents and classmates regarding the educational content of e-learning. E-learning has a huge difference, which weakens the interaction of the educational system components with each other and reduces the efficiency of e-learning, therefore, it is necessary for all components to be connected with each other in order to synergize learning

The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of authoritarian parenting style on separation anxiety with the mediating role of insecure attachment style in students. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and terms of its nature, it is acorrelational descriptive research. The statistical population of this research is made up of all elementary school students of Shahrood City,.Using the available sampling method, 302 people were selected as the research sample. To collect research data, three parenting methods questionnaires by Diana and Baumrind (1973), separation anxiety disorder questionnaire (SASC), and of Hazen and Shaver (1999) attachment styles questionnaire were used. To check the validity of the form and content of the questionnaires, the opinions of 7 experts in educational sciences and To check the reliability of questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, and the reliability of all questionnaires was confirmed. To test the hypotheses of the research, the method of structural equation modeling with the partial least squares approach was used. The results of the research showed that authoritarian parenting style has a positive and significant effect on separation anxiety and the insecure attachment style of students, insecure attachment has a positive and significant effect on students' separation anxiety, and also the mediating role of insecure attachment style in the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and separation anxiety Confirmed. Children who are exposed to separation anxiety disorder and insecure attachment style need more psychological support and it is necessary to teach their parents the necessary skills to properly deal with these children..

The Covid-19 pandemic closed schools and other educational centers, and virtual education replaced face-to-face education. The sudden transfer of education from school to home created many challenges for teaching and learning. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the challenges of virtual education during the covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of parents of elementary school students. The research method was qualitative and phenomenological. The statistical population of the research was all the parents of students in South Khorasan province in the academic year of 2021-2022, in the number of 91,874 people, and the data obtained by the purposeful snowball sampling method and by conducting semi-structured interviews with 51 of the parents of the students were saturated. They reached an opinion. To analyze the data, the seven-step strategy of Colizzi (2002) and MAXQDA11 software were used. To validate the research data, the four criteria of Guba and Lincoln (1985) were used. Finally, 88 open codes were extracted. By examining the interviews of the participants and analyzing the codes, the experiences of parents of elementary school students were categorized in the form of four main themes, including challenges related to the environment and infrastructure, students, parents and teachers. The results, while explaining the necessity of paying attention to virtual education and its basic challenges, make this important to education administrators to take fundamental steps in order to solve these challenges.

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the implementation of descriptive evaluation of primary school students in virtual education from the perspective of teachers, parents and students and with a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method. For this purpose, among the teachers, parents and students of the elementary school in the 18th district of Tehran who were present in the research field, with the purposeful sampling method and by using the criterion strategy, accessible (easy) and snowball, the number of participants depending on the theoretical saturation is twenty teachers, twenty The parents and twenty students arrived, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data analysis with the seven-step Claysey strategy led to the identification of four main themes and 26 sub-themes for the group of teachers, four main themes and 15 sub-themes for the group of parents, and three main themes and 22 sub-themes for the group of students. The results show the different views of the three groups in the field of implementation methods, which are necessary to know and be aware of in order to take the necessary measures in order to optimally implement descriptive evaluation in virtual education.

The present research has investigated the effectiveness of teaching communication styles to parents on children with ADHD in elementary school in Ardal city. The experimental research method is a pre-test and post-test design with a control group, and the statistical population includes mothers with hyperactive elementary school children of Ardel city who refer to treatment centers of Ardel city, among them 30 people. They were randomly selected through accessible and voluntary sampling and placed in two control and experimental groups, and 8 intervention sessions (training on communication management styles) were held for the experimental group.Both groups were measured using Corner's questionnaire as a pre-test and post-test, and then the data were analyzed with the covariance test according to the research hypothesis.The findings showed that between the pre-test variable as a covariance variable and the independent variable, according to (F = 5.96 and p = 0.002), the effect of the associated variable is significant; That is, the difference between pre-test and post-test scores is significant. Also, the effect of the group is significant according to (F = 7.04 and p = 0.022), that is, the difference between the two experimental and control groups is significant in terms of reducing hyperactivity, so the hypothesis is not confirmed, and it can be concluded that the training of management styles is related to Parents have led to the reduction of hyperactivity symptoms in elementary school children. According to the obtained results,

Human growth and development includes physical, cognitive, psychological and social aspects. There is no major difference between the different dimensions of growth and development of children with hearing impairment and normal hearing children, and the same training and services that are given to hearing children and their parents are also suitable for children with hearing impairment and their parents with a slight change. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the principles of early hearing diagnosis and intervention and consultation with children and adolescents with hearing impairment and their parents.

The present research method was descriptive and review type. To collect information, articles, theses and books available in reliable scientific databases were used between 1989 and 2023.

Children and adolescents with hearing impairment and their parents need more specialized support and consultation, and should get help from the support team or the rehabilitation team. Counseling with children with hearing impairment and their parents is divided into two types of informational counseling and supportive counseling. In general, all decisions made for any child with hearing impairment should be based on the parents’ decision about what they want for their child. A psychologist or counselor can help parents of children with hearing impairment in the areas of sharing information, identifying emotional reactions, facilitating the formation of secure attachment, and positively influencing the family system. Therefore, counseling with children with hearing impairment and their parents is very important.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between media literacy and demographic characteristics of families with critical thinking of first grade high school students in Shahreza in the academic year 1399-1400. In this study، the correlation method، which is one of the descriptive research methods، was used. The statistical population of the study is all junior high school students in Shahreza and their parents. Through stratified random sampling and using Cochran's formula، 684 junior high school students in Shahreza and their parents. Were selected as a sample. Data collection tools in this study were a researcher-made media literacy questionnaire and the California Standard Critical Thinking Standard Questionnaire Form B. Pearson correlation، chi-square and regression analysis with SPSS.26 software were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between parents' media literacy and critical thinking of first year high school students in Shahreza. In addition، there is a significant relationship between age and gender of parents with critical thinking of first year high school students in Shahreza. But there is no significant relationship between parents' education and critical thinking of first year high school students in Shahreza. Therefore، the results of the study showed that fathers and younger parents have a better performance in creating a critical view in their children. Also، the parents' education has no effect on creating a critical view of the children.                                                                                                                                                         

Parents, as one of the basic components of early childhood education, perceive children's play in different ways than educators. Understanding and identifying parents' perspectives provides the foundation for a deeper understanding of play and, consequently, its more effective implementation in the preschool curriculum. The aim of this study was to investigate parents' views on children's play. The method of the present study was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The study population was mothers of children in preschool centers in Tehran. Data were collected through purposive sampling of 15 mothers through semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by Colaizzi(1987) seven-step method. The findings led to the identification of three main parental views on play: play as a tool for learning, play as a fun activity, and play as energy draining activity. The findings also showed that most parents had a results-oriented view of play. They valued play mostly for its developmental and academic learning achievements

The present study investigates the effectiveness of child sex education to parents on changing their knowledge, attitude and practice in sex education of preschool children (zirab city).

The aim of the present study was in the applied research group and in terms of data collection method, it was a pre-test, post-test, follow-up (repeated measurement) experiment with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers of pre-children. It was a primary school in Zirab. Sampling method This study was performed as simple cluster random sampling. Sample size was determined by at least 21 samples in each group. (According to the Cochran's formula, the parents were divided into beneficiary and non-beneficiary groups, and finally two groups of 21 people were formed). Then, after selecting the sample, the sexual education questionnaire (Salehi, 1398) was completed by the children's parents.

The error variances of any of the components of sex education, including knowledge, attitude and practice in the two groups of parents with and without education, are not significant at the level of 0.05. Also, the effect of independent variable implementation on knowledge, attitude And performance is significant at the 0.01 level.

The results showed that educating and empowering parents in the sexual education of children improves their knowledge, attitude and performance.

Considering the technological advances of the new era and the ease of access to communication tools; We see a decrease in sports activities among children, which will have many negative consequences in the future of society's health. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing solutions for physical activity in preschool children and its consequences.

he current research was conducted in terms of practical purpose and qualitative method using phenomenological approach. The statistical population studied in the research was made up of faculty members of the university in the department of psychology, movement behavior and sports management, physical education teachers, school principals and parents of preschool students in 2023. The sampling method was purposeful. As long as it was possible to extract completely non-repetitive concepts from the interviews (16 interviews); The interviews continued.

In the end, 66 final codes were identified from the information obtained by the participants in the research, which in the section of solutions for performing sports activities in preschool children include: 6 main themes of the role of parents, the role of schools, media aspects, the role of sports coaches, management aspects, support programs; And in the consequences of doing it, it includes 2 main topics of individual benefits and social benefits.

In general, doing sports activities is useful at any age, except for people with special conditions, and preschool children are not exempt from this issue. Of course, the sports activity of this group of people should be very light and fun in order to benefit from this issue in order to improve the growth and development of the health of preschool children. The results of this research will help relevant managers in relation to the strategic planning of preschool children's sports.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and parenting self-efficacy through the mediating role of emotional self-regulation in parents with a phenylketonuria (PKU) child. The statistical population consisted of 195 parents (130 women, 65 men) with PKU children, who referred to the support center for metabolic patients in Zanjan province in 2022. A total of 157 parents (113 women, 44 men) were selected by purposive sampling method. The study utilized three instruments: The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Parental Self-efficacy questionnaire (PSAM) and the Emotional Self-regulation questionnaire(ESRSQ). The data were analyzed using Smart PLS software, and the relationship between variables was assessed through partial least squares structural equation modeling. According to the bootstrap results, the direct effects of perceived support from friends on emotional self-regulation (β=0.011, p=0.24) and emotional self-regulation on parenting self-efficacy (β=0.35, p=0.0001) was significant and positive. The indirect effects of perceived support from friends (β=0.083, p=0.019) through emotional self-regulation on parenting self-efficacy were significant and positive. These findings provide new evidence that emotional self-regulation strategies may be a target for psychological interventions that attempt to increase the self-efficacy of parents with a PKU child. Our findings have implications for health care practices and supportive-therapeutic interventions for PKU patients, as they emphasize the importance of helping parents cope with PKU-related problems in families.

The aim of this study was to compare emotion regulation strategies and intolerance of uncertainty in mothers of children with and without specific learning disorders. The study method was descriptive-casual-comparative. The study population consisted of all mothers of children with and without specific learning disabilities in Sanandaj city in the academic year of 2022. The research sample included 117 mothers (55 mothers with children with specific learning disorders and 62 mothers with normal children) who were selected using convenient sampling method. The study measures included the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children (IUSC-12)-Parent version. The data was analyzed using the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) by SPSS-25 software. The results showed that there are no significant differences between parents of children with specific learning disabilities and parents of normal children in terms of emotion regulation strategies, but there is a significant difference between the two groups in the components of intolerance of uncertainty, so that parents of children with specific learning disabilities have a lower tolerance for ambiguous and uncertain situations than parents of normal children. It seems necessary to consider special courses for parents of children with learning disabilities in order to improve more adaptive emotion regulation strategies and increase acceptance and tolerance of uncertain situations in learning disability treatment centers.