adolescents

Suicide is one of the psycho-social injuries with a complex nature and various risk factors. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of predicting suicidal thoughts in teenagers based on self-compassion and self-worth.

The research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all male students of the first secondary level of Evaz city in 2023. 150 people were selected with available sampling method and research tools including suicidal ideation questionnaire (Beck, 1991), self-compassion questionnaire (Neff, 2003) and self-worth questionnaire (Croker et al., 2003) were used for data analysis, Pearson correlation test and multiple regression with simultaneous entry method and SPSS-v26 statistical software.

The results showed that there is a significant correlation between total self-compassion (r=-0.583 and P<0.05), total self-worth feeling (r=0.475 and P<0.05) and each of their dimensions with suicidal thoughts. The regression coefficients also showed that the predictor variables were able to explain 35% of the variance of the suicidal ideation score.

According to the results, it is possible to reduce suicidal thoughts in teenagers in critical situations by identifying psychological variables

drug use in teenagers is a psycho-social phenomenon that personality, biological, family, cultural, emotional, social and economic features play a role in its formation, and among these, the role of emotional factors including emotional dysregulation in driving teenagers to drug use. The substance and also the continued use play a decisive role. The purpose of this study was to design an emotion regulation program based on a transdiagnostic approach for adolescents with emotional disorders with a history of drug use.

This research is qualitative and phenomenological. The research community includes all specialists in child and adolescent psychology and addiction, and the emotion regulation program based on the transdiagnostic approach in seven stages and in 17 adjustment sessions and the designed program was provided to 10 child and adolescent psychologists and addiction specialists, and after approval The content validity index and content validity ratio were calculated.

The results of the content validity and the implementation of the emotion regulation program based on the transdiagnostic approach showed that this package was approved by the relative coefficient of content validity and content validity index.

According to the results obtained from this research, it can be said that this package is a comprehensive program for teenagers with emotional disorders with a history of drug use.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on social-emotional learning in adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder. The present study was performed using the quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all male students with oppositional defiant disorder who were studying in the high school of Boin Zahra City in the academic year 2022-2023. The sampling method was purposive Sampling. The sample size of the study, based on the experimental research, included 30 randomly placed in two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The experimental group received 8 sessions of compassion training as a group, 90 minutes once a week, and the control group did not receive any training. The instruments used in this study were clinical interviews based on Dsm-5, the social-emotional learning Questionnaire Coryne & et al (2009), the oppositional defiant disorder scale Hommersen & et al (2006), and an educational package of the Self-compassion training based on the book Compassion-Focused Therapy (Gilbert, 2010). Data analysis was done using Multivariate analysis of covariance tests. The study found that self-compassion training leads to increased social-emotional learning and the sub-scales of task articulation, peer relationships, and self-regulation in adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder. Based on the findings, self-compassion training can increase social-emotional learning in adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder by providing a compassionate approach to life. Therefore, it is suggested to consider this intervention's role in improving these adolescents' mental health.

Given the widespread use of the internet among the youth, adolescents in particular have the potential of being harmed by the sexual content that they come across. Although both parents and school administrators are concerned about the possible damages suffered by students when confronting pornography on the web, no practically serious intervention is undertaken to prevent such harms. To define such strategies, the views of 54 adolescents of 15-18 years old were sought through extensive interviews on the subject. The responses are categorized in three levels: 1. Introduction of comprehensive courses on relationships, marriage, and the internet; 2. providing reliable counselling services at schools; 3. reevaluation of the current educational content on the topic. Such interventions, along other strategies at the personal, family, and social levels, could be of use to policymakers and curriculum developers in order to help the students with the challenges they face in this area.

The purpose of the present study was to compare anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with and without Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) by examining the interactive role of helicopter parenting.

The research method was causal-comparative. The population of the present study was children and adolescents(10-14 years old) of Malayer city who were diagnosed with a SLD (N=129). The sample size included 122 children and adolescents with SLD. Among the peers of these children, 122 people were matched as a control group based on age, educational level, and gender. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (Birmaher et al., 1999) and the short form of the Helicopter Parenting Instrument (Pistella et al., 2020) were used to collect data. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using SPSS-26 software was used.

Children and adolescents with SLD received higher scores than their peers in physical and panic disorder, general anxiety symptoms, separation anxiety, social anxiety symptoms and school avoidance. This difference was greater when examining the interaction effect of SLD and helicopter parenting (p<0.05). In other words, the interactive effect size of SLD and helicopter parenting (between 0.32 and 0.36) was higher than the effect size of SLD alone (between 0.03 and 0.08).

The results showed that helicopter parenting played a role in increasing the severity of symptoms of anxiety disorders in children with SLD. It is suggested that the role of helicopter parenting in intensification the symptoms of anxiety disorders in children with SLD should be discussed.

Suicidal thoughts and impulsivity are important risk factors for suicide, which is a leading cause of mortality among teenagers. This study sought to determine whether a suicide prevention training program could effectively lower teenage suicidal thoughts and impulsive actions.

This research was semi-experimental research. 60 adolescents were randomized to either the experimental group(30 member)—which got the training—or the control group(30 member) using a controlled experimental methodology. Suicidal ideation and impulsivity were assessed both before and after the intervention. Beck's suicidal ideation scale was used to evaluate suicidal thoughts and Barrett et al.'s impulsivity questionnaire was used to evaluate impulsivity. The training sessions consisted of 10 sessions, which were a combination of emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy.

The multivariate covariance test was used to investigate the effectiveness of the suicide prevention training package in adolescents. Comparing the experimental group to the control group, the results showed a significant improvement in both impulsivity and suicidal thoughts, with a notable decrease in both.

According to these results, specific and organized treatments may be able to successfully reduce important risk variables linked to adolescent suicide.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of psychological capital through group counseling on the components of psychological capital and academic passion in female adolescent students. The research had a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with a control group. The statistical population included all female adolescent students in the age range of 13 to 18 years in Semnan city in the academic year 2019-2020. Among them, 24 students were selected by random sampling and divided into experimental and control groups (n=12 per group). The samples were evaluated using Luthans’ psychological capital questionnaire (2007) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire by Pintrich et al. (1991). The findings showed that psychological capital training increases the total score of psychological capital (η2=0.58, F=29.77) and academic passion (η2=0.44, F=16.64) (P<0.01).

Introduction and goal: 

The present study was conducted with the aim of the role of academic self-efficacy and academic values in predicting emotional independence.

The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of the research included all the female students of the second year of high school in Bukan city in the academic year of 2022-2023, and 100 people were evaluated as a sample using the available sampling method. Stenberg and Silverberg's emotional independence scale (1986), academic self-efficacy questionnaire by Morris (2001) and Pintrich et al.'s (2011) academic values were used to measure the studied variables. The research data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and step-by-step regression analysis with SPSS version 23 software, and the significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05.

The findings showed that academic self-efficacy and academic values are able to predict emotional independence. Also, 34.1% of the variance of academic values is explained by academic self-efficacy and 51.6% of the variance of academic values is explained by academic self-efficacy and academic values.

According to the results of the research, it can be stated that in order to promote the emotional independence of second year high school female students in schools, attention should be paid to the role of academic self-efficacy and academic values.

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare the levels of aggression and law-breaking in two groups of adolescents with narcotic and normal traits. This was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population consisted of all high school students in Urmia, and 40 students with high levels of narcissism and 40 students with low levels of narcissism were selected through one-stage cluster sampling .To collect data, the Achenbach Youth Self-Report Scale (1991)that the reliability of its scales through retesting has been reported between 0.47 to 0.81, and the 16-item Self-Reported Personality Inventory (Ames, Rose, Anderson, 2006) that the reliability of this questionnaire was also reported to be 0.85 through retesting were completed by the students of the two groups. Next, data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that adolescents with high narcissistic traits scored higher on aggression and law-breaking components than normal adolescents (p<0/0002). Education officials identify adolescents with narcissistic disorders, conduct clinical trials, and implement mental health intervention programs for them.

The issue of controlling obesity in teenagers is one of the most important issues related to their health. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of celery weight management application on weight loss of obese teenagers.

The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 obese teenagers aged 13-17. They were divided into two groups of 15 people, control and intervention (use of celery application for 8 weeks). Before participating in the study, obese adolescents were medically examined and the necessary information was collected. Anthropometric indices were measured once before the beginning of the intervention and once after the end of the intervention (end of 8 weeks). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 statistical software with a significance level of less than 0.05.

The average height of teenagers in the control group was 1.62 ± 0.07 meters and in the intervention group it was 1.62 ± 0.06 meters. Changes in weight and BMI in both control and intervention groups at the end of the study compared to the beginning of the study had a decreasing trend, but only in the intervention group it was significant (P ≤ 0.05). The 8 weeks of using the Iranian Celery application had a significant effect on the weight loss and BMI of teenagers in the intervention group.

It seems that weight loss applications such as celery can be used as one of the effective and helpful methods along with other methods to deal with obesity.

The purpose of this study was to develop a moral intelligence questionnaire for adolescents in Isfahan province. The study was done using the survey research method. The statistical population included 12 to 19 years old adolescents in Isfahan province during 1401-1402. Based on the two-stage cluster sampling method, 400 students were selected in the first stage and 900 students in the second stage. The data were analyzed using the exploratory factor analysis method through the analysis of the main components on the data and the rotation of the factors using orthogonal method using SPSS 25 and Amoss 24. The results of the study showed that the Moral Intelligence Scale (adolescents form) has good form and content validity. The results of exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of 7 factors (respect, responsibility, conscience, kindness, restraint, honesty and forgiveness) which explain 46.64% of the total variance of the scale. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that factor loadings in components were higher than 0.4 and consequently significant (p<0.0001). The fit indices showed that the first-order seven-factor measurement model fit the data. The scale reliability the was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.96 and the coefficient of halving was 0.93 Considering the suitable validity and reliability of the moral intelligence adolescent scale, this instrument can be used as a valid and useful tool to check and measure the moral intelligence of adolescents aged 12 to 19 years.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation therapy with transcranial direct current stimulation in attention bias and obsessive-compulsive symptoms of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The current study is Quasi-experimental research using a pre-test-post-test design and a three-month follow-up with a control group. The study's statistical population comprised male and female individuals aged 14 to 18 who were diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder and seeking treatment at counseling and psychological centers in Ahwaz City, Iran. Thirty individuals who met the inclusion criteria for the study were selected using an available sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Those who met the exclusion criteria were excluded from the study. Before commencing the  intervention, the participants underwent an evaluation using the appropriate tools, namely the Emotional Stroop Test and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. After the evaluation, the participants in the experimental group underwent cognitive rehabilitation therapy for 12 sessions. Each session lasted 45 minutes, during which 20 minutes of transcranial direct current stimulation was performed concurrently with cognitive rehabilitation tasks. The participants in the control group did not receive any intervention. After completing the interventions, the participants were re-evaluated three months later. MANCOVA and ANCOVA were utilized to analyze the data and answer the research question. The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation with transcranial direct current stimulation could improve attention bias and reduce obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05). Based on the results, cognitive rehabilitation with transcranial direct current stimulation can be used as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The present review research was conducted with the aim of examining the critical analytical study of different approaches in the treatment of anxiety in children and adolescents.

In the present study, using the keywords treatment, anxiety, disorder, randomized controlled trial, 3 to 19 years old, in English databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus in the period 2020 (January) to 2021 (to December), were searched.

The studies indicated the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy, goal-based therapy, and faceto- face therapies on reducing anxiety in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Also, the treatment of attention control training and modulation of attention bias was effective in reducing the anxiety of children and adolescents resistant to cognitive behavioral therapy. The antidepressant sertraline also did not reduce anxiety disorder. Various distraction methods such as distraction cards, virtual reality, video games, audiovisual distraction with a headset, psychological preparation before surgery through booklets and pictures, and educational games and art therapy such as painting and music therapy were also effective in reducing situational anxiety.

According to the results of the research, various treatments can be used to reduce children's anxiety according to the age and conditions of the clients.

Aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in increasing academic self-efficacy and reducing the symptoms of test anxiety in adolescents.

In this study, a Single subject design and A-B design were used. The statistical population of this study was all adolescents with entrance exam in Tehran in the academic year of 1399-1400. The statistical sample included four adolescents who had referred to one of the clinics in Tehran . Sampling was done voluntarily. After obtaining consent and training, these adolescents entered the research project and received seven sessions which each session was one-hour of treatment. The criterion for entering the research was having a university entrance exam and the criterion for leaving was having mental disorders.

The results showed that hypnotherapy increased the academic self-efficacy and reduce symptoms of test anxiety of adolescents with entrance exam.

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that hypnotherapy can be used as an effective treatment to increase the academic self-efficacy and reduce symptoms of test anxiety of adolescents.