aesthetic education

  Higher education is considered a key component in the education system and human resources development in any country. Special educational needs are different in different age groups, which determines the special logic of the educational process in higher education. Since the higher education system is responsible for the important task of training specialized human resources, it is necessary to use appropriate, precise and systematic methods in the design, implementation and evaluation of its activities. This research seeks to design and validate the integrated model of curriculum components and aesthetic education in higher education. The main goal is to achieve components of aesthetics that can be used in the university curriculum along with other curriculum components from the field of humanities. For this purpose, these components were extracted from the literature sources of curriculum studies, the opinion of experts in this field, as well as the opinion of experts in the field of art and aesthetics, and after the consensus of opinion and the possibility of using them by the state universities of Khuzestan province, those components were used in the design of the proposed model. and then the proposed model was validated. The findings of the research showed that art and aesthetics as a perspective and paradigm in the curriculum contains many components, inspirations and components. These components can be used in the design, development and implementation of curricula, focusing on the important components of the curriculum such as goal, content, method and evaluation.

According to the views of education experts, aesthetic experience and understanding of art is a vital part of a flourishing life. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the role of aesthetic experience in children's education. To achieve this goal, the first step is to defend the necessity of aesthetic education for children based on the analysis of existing philosophical justifications. For this purpose, the descriptive-analytical research method has been used. Several philosophical justifications have been proposed for the necessity of aesthetic education, whose critical evaluation shows that the only answer is based on aesthetic experience, which makes it possible to defend art based on its distinctive value. Therefore, aesthetic education for children can be taken as justifiable and necessary independent of art's contribution to expression and its role in moral promotion. This is because the aesthetic experience and understanding of art is a vital component in flourishing life, and being exposed to the aesthetic experience opens up ways for human growth that no other type of experience can do. The findings of this research indicate that even if art education does not lead to innovation and improved skills that can be measured with quantitative methods, it should have an important place in schools and curricula. A curriculum without aesthetic training and proper appreciation for the arts ignores our goal of raising flourishing human beings worthy of meaningful aesthetic experiences. Also, aesthetic education should not be limited to people and subject-matters, but should cover the entire curriculum.

The purpose of study was to design and explain the model of aesthetic education curriculum in Farhangian University. The type of research is qualitative and in terms of purpose, it is applied research. The statistical population of the present study consists of administrators, policy makers and curriculum planners of Farhangian University. Among them, using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 14 people, theoretical saturation was obtained in the data. The face and content validity of the interview was reviewed and confirmed by five experts from Farhangian University. Its reliability was also tested and confirmed through reliability between coders. Findings showed that in the model designed in the objectives section into cognitive, emotional and psycho-motor domains; In content to knowledge, attitude and skills; In the field of teaching-learning methods, the individual differences of learners, and finally in evaluation, the use of various evaluation methods in the curriculum of aesthetic education has been considered.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of aesthetic-cognitive training on critical thinking and creative teaching of Farhangian University students and teachers in the academic year 2020-2021. The research method was quasi-experimental in a pre-test and post-test design and was performed as a case study on 60 students of educational sciences of Qom Farhangian University who were randomly selected in clusters. A 90-minute session was taught based on the constructivist approach (E5). Measurement tools included two standard questionnaires, California Critical Thinking (1994) and Chaoyang Creative Teaching (2005). The reliability of the California Critical Thinking Questionnaire in this study was 0.91 and the reliability of the Chaoyang Creative Teaching Questionnaire was 0.89. Multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 25 was used for data analysis. The results showed that the educational package of aesthetic education has been significantly (with 99% confidence) effective in improving the critical thinking and creative teaching of students and teachers. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, aesthetic education can be considered as an appropriate and effective strategy to improve critical thinking and creative teaching of students and teachers of Farhangian University.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of aesthetic education of architecture students in Guilan's universities and explain its importance in shaping the aesthetic tendencies and tastes of students in the academic year of 2019-20. Due to its nature, the present research method is descriptive-analytical and in the scope of evaluation studies. In order to collect data, two types of questionnaires based on the model extracted from the qualitative part of the research, in the Likert scale and the visual questionnaire were used. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by content validity method. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and to calculate it the 21.0 version of SPSS was used in two stages; which were 0.89 and 0.92 respectively. The results showed that, students in both levels of education have a higher level of aesthetic knowledge compared to aesthetic wisdom and competence in universities. Such a way that in the undergraduate course, the scores obtained in the field of knowledge were 3.39, in the field of wisdom were 3.12 and in the field of competence were 2.86. In the master's degree, the scores obtained in the mentioned fields were 3.57, 3.18 and 2.98, respectively. This was reflected in the significant tendency of their aesthetic manner to formal beauty. In other words, based on results, the one-sided tendency of the educational process towards the foundation of education in this field has led to the training of one-dimensional architects in an aesthetic perspective

The present study was conducted with the aim of "analyzing the elements of the aesthetic education curriculum model in elementary school based on the teachings and miracles of the Holy Quran.This research was a qualitative research based on data theory of the foundation. The statistical population included teachers and faculty members specializing in the field of Quranic sciences, whose method of selection was purposeful, such as snowballs. A total of 21 people were interviewed, including 15 teachers and 6 faculty members. Data were analyzed through semi-structured interviews during three stages of open, axial and selective coding.The research results were formed in the form of a paradigm model and a conceptual model.Objective (proving the legitimacy of the Qur'an), content (content selection priorities: using concrete themes to have a greater impact on learners), teaching-learning methods (storytelling, visual method, role-playing, question-and-answer method), teacher role (characteristics and Teacher responsibilities), evaluation (evaluation methods and evaluation tools), underlying factors (Qur'anic literacy of the teacher, family, school) and educational outcomes (cultivating human dignity, strengthening the relationship with the Qur'an, gaining a monotheistic attitude). Lincoln and Guba methods, participants' review method and review of non-participants in the research were used to obtain data validity and validity.

This article's primary purpose is to examine the aesthetic aspects of natural sciences to gain an aesthetic understanding of the nature of science and its consequences for science education. For this purpose, using the method of analysis and deduction, after examining the conventional components of the nature of science based on Lederman et al. (2002), the aesthetic aspects of the conventional components of the nature of science were discussed. The study showed that science and scientific activities have essential commonalities with artistic and aesthetic activity. The importance of imagination and creativity, emotions, intuition, and attention to criteria such as beauty, elegance, simplicity, symmetry and harmony of theories by scientists, and metaphors and allegories, are the aesthetic and artistic aspects of the nature of science. This study showed that: (1) the importance of aesthetic nurturing in science education; and (2) the necessity of adopting a holistic approach to science education; are two fundamental theoretical implications that result from an aesthetic understanding of the nature of science.

The purpose of this study was to systematically study and present a meta-synthesis of theoretical models and research related to the consequences of aesthetic education based on attitudes (beliefs, values) and skills. The research approach was qualitative using a cross-cutting research methodology. The data were analyzed using inductive content analysis with a directional approach, in which recent research was systematically selected, and the content was analyzed and categorized. The study corpus included subject-related research published from 2000 to 2019 in reputable national and international academic data bases. Finally, among the 60 articles and books, 47 were selected by purposive sampling. First, the theoretical bases and the main themes were extracted, coded and classified. The results indicated the conceptual model in the three main classes of attitudes (beliefs, values), cognitive skills and practical (experimental) skills. It should be mentioned that categories overlap in some respects. The results of aesthetic education in the development of consequences such as understanding and enjoyment of beauty, social action, promotion of thinking, learning-based experiences and semantic connection with the real world were emphasized.

The field of art and education is so close that some thinkers of art and aesthetics consider the foundation of education (Karami and Abedi, 2017). The purpose of aesthetic education is to create aesthetic experiences. This type of experience indicates the presence of the element of pleasure in various human experiences (Sharifzadeh, Baezat and Jalalian Rad, 2016). Broudy (1994) also considers the development of pleasure and satisfaction capacity of "aesthetic satisfaction" as one of the reasons for justifying and confirming aesthetic education. He considers aesthetic knowledge as a unique kind of knowledge in which decoding takes place. This type of knowledge can be used in educational systems when, in addition to paying attention to the cognitive and intellectual field, it also pays attention to other fields, including the field of aesthetics. This attention in the teacher education system is doubled due to the artistic characteristics of the teacher (Emam Jomeh and Mehr Mohammadi, 2006). Due to the fact that aesthetic education has been marginalized for reasons such as having priority in the field of cognition, lack of attitude towards aesthetic education, lack of awareness of its importance, consequences and benefits, lack of attention to applied art, etc. Necessary reforms should be made to recognize the importance and application of art curriculum in order to eliminate the shortcomings and needs of student teachers (Kian and Mehr Mohammadi, 2013), therefore, teacher training is a good place to understand and be aware of these principles and based on the program Formal and non-formal education provided the basis for teacher training with desirable professional competencies. In the meantime, the competence of aesthetic educators, which indicates having diverse and attractive strategies based on aesthetics and innovation, and considering different cognitive, social, emotional and skill areas, has a higher priority and is used wisely. They facilitate the achievement of educational goals in Farhangian University, in accordance with the time and place requirements. Educational strategies are one of the important factors in educational design; Because it determines the form of teacher and student activity in the classroom. Aesthetic-based educational strategies, in addition to being diverse, are enjoyable, productive, innovative, and exciting, and the learner tends to repeat them, so when subjects are presented in schools with strategies such as storytelling, drama, imagination, and the use of artistic symbols, The emotional relationship between the speaker and the audience is strengthened, learners follow the subjects with interest and a positive attitude and have a better performance in understanding the relationships of existence (Kharazi and Talkhabi, 2017). Wilcox (2019) emphasizes the creation of a safe psychological art class in which learners can discuss, produce, discover, test, "fail" and succeed in the social, emotional nature Therefore, this research intends to identify the educational strategies of aesthetic education in teacher training system and provide new insights based on aesthetic education. Therefore, while critically analyzing the prescription curriculum of aesthetic education in teacher training system, educational paths of aesthetic education have been identified and presented. This research has a qualitative strategy. To answer the first question, the descriptive-analytical method was used and according to Aisener, the method of "educational expertise and educational criticism" was used. The statistical and sample population in this section was the undergraduate curriculum at Farhangian University. To answer the second question, using the fundamental theory method and purposive sampling method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 experts in the field of educational sciences, art and aesthetics to reach theoretical saturation. The collected data were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method in three steps (open, axial and selective coding) and Delphi method was used for validation and component approval At present, little attention has been paid to aesthetic education in all undergraduate disciplines of Farhangian University (on average, nearly 2% of the units in each field) and the skill fields of article 28 students were deprived of it, but this amount, with the view of educating the general aesthetics to the curriculum and the mission of the student teachers in the implementation and presentation of aesthetic content that should lead to valuable and meaningful learning and deep understanding and understanding It is insignificant and expandable and can be extended to at least 5 units (two theoretical units of three practical units) in all disciplines. In addition, the professors who teach these courses should have scientific, practical, ethical, artistic and aesthetic competencies and these aesthetic activities are tailored to the teaching profession. One of the most important and practical aesthetic skills in all fields of education and disciplines is orly art and calligraphy. The art of ore can be included in the curriculum of all disciplines (except elementary education) by increasing the number of language courses in education, and calligraphy can be included in the curriculum of all disciplines (except elementary education) by increasing the course of art application in the following education. Also, all the fields of Article 28 can have at least one workshop of three-hour aesthetic training. The courses related to aesthetic education need to be reviewed in number and content. In the meantime, increasing the number of aesthetic training units in the field of exceptional children's education, and including them in the curriculum of different majors of 28 provision of apprentices is a priority. Based on the findings of the data analysis, the educational strategies of aesthetic education are: physical aesthetics, micro-aesthetic skills, aesthetic-based methods, aesthetic teaching, student-centered aesthetic strategies, echnology-based aesthetic methods, aesthetic experiences, master aesthetic literacy, general aesthetic strategies, as well as the core category of "aesthetic strategies" and the most important component of educational strategies "integration and diversity". The identified strategies in this study have two sides. In the first aspect, it covers aesthetic education in teacher training, and secondly it is used in teaching other courses and disciplines. Although it is not possible to introduce a specific strategy or approach as the best method in all educational situations, but aesthetic strategies have capacities and elements that, on the condition of proper design and implementation, can pave the way for mechanical, dry and free classes of innovation, participation and interaction and develop the scope of teacher training strategies. In addition, it should be emphasized on the aesthetic teacher and his continuous support and empowerment in this type of strategies which plays a key role, because the developments in the teacher's education system can only be followed by the role of the teacher's model and transformational role. Using aesthetic guides, it can be expected that future teachers will make a change in school educational strategies and students will experience new and enjoyable experiences.

The purpose of this study was to explain the aesthetic view of Allameh Tabataba'i in al-Mizan and its implications in determining the goals of aesthetic education. To achieve this goal, two basic questions have been posed: 1. what is the Quranic view of Allameh Tabataba'i on aesthetics?, 2. According to his point of view, what goals can be achieved in aesthetic education? Conceptual analysis and inferential methods were used to extract the research findings. The findings of this study indicate that in the context of the Quranic verses, beauties are emphasized in three sensible, reasonable, and ethical aspects. Corresponding to the descriptive and prescriptive propositions derived from the Quranic verses and Allama's views, the following aims have been deduced in the area of aesthetic education: the limitation of beauties, achieving absolute beauty, mortality of beauties (sensible), having a profound attitude, a context for a divine challenge, being disinterested in beauties, a guiding factor, a foundation for the attainment of knowledge, a foundation of the divine covenant, and a foundation for the attainment of worldly and Hereafter bliss.

The current study is aimed at examining the epistemological foundations of Transcendent Theosophy in order to extract its implications for aesthetic education as an effective educational method in cultural and art domains. The prevailing hypothesis of this analysis is based on the fact that aesthetic education plays an effective role in promoting the cognitive domain and improving teaching-learning process through applying cognitive functions of art. Such capacity can be proven based on Mulla Sadra's epistemological foundations. This qualitative research utilized a descriptive and analytical method. The statistical population of the study comprised primary and secondary sources related to the subject of the research, which were first identified and then studied purposefully and thoroughly and finally were continually analyzed. The findings of the research indicated that based on the epistemological foundations of Transcendent Theosophy including the relationship between agent and object of knowledge in the creation and formation of knowledge, variety in the means of gaining cognition and unity in multiplicity, there are various opportunities for cognition such as education and acquiring knowledge in the context of beauty and art. The development of aesthetic education as an efficient method will lead to the provision of intrinsic motivation and design of the conceptual experience (creating diverse learning situations), aesthetic literacy and the skill of analyzing meaning, the development of critical thinking, and the perfection of rational dimension.

Aesthetics education is one of the important goals of education systems especially at early childhood. The purpose of this research is to propose a practical framework for teachers to develop aesthetics in early childhood. For this purpose, the study employed document analysis and content analysis of the resources in internal and external databases on aesthetics education. Among the sources related to aesthetics education, 65 sources were selected and their findings were coded and categorized in tables in terms of the goals and necessities of aesthetic education, the common discourses of aesthetics, the implications of three common discourses in aesthetics education and the strategies for children's aesthetics education. Finally, a framework, based on the obtained categories, was proposed in which the goals and necessities of aesthetics education, the common discourses in aesthetics education, the implications of three discourses and strategies for the development of children's aesthetics were introduced. Teachers, using this framework, can provide the foundations for implementing aesthetics education at early childhood.

Aesthetics refers to the knowledge of how to use senses to know. The purpose of this study was to introduce Maxine Greene's views about art and aesthetic and its implications on aesthetic education. So, in this article, authors are looking for doctrines of art and aesthetics from Greene's viewpoints. What are the outcomes of these doctrines in education? Therefore, in order to answer to these questions, first, by using analysis and writing methods, some Greene's articles and interviews that associated with this subject were studied, then based on her views about art and aesthetic, key implications and strategies in aesthetic education was inferred. Greene considers arts as a name for appreciation discrimination and understanding various arts. Greene believed aesthetic education in contemporary thought is important because of three main reasons: 1) Opening spaces through aesthetics education, 2) Becoming wide-awake, 3) Discovering the Importance of Imagination. From Greene's viewpoints what makes aesthetics grow is art. In general, all the effort of Greene is that inform professionals of education from the increasingly neglected public education of art and aesthetics.

The aim of this study was to analyze Maxine Greene's (1981-1917) views in three areas of significant experience, imagination and aesthetic education. It was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. After reviewing the available sources, Greene’s seminal views about developments in the field of curriculum and aesthetic education were collected and then analyzed . The results showed that Green's idea of releasing imagination has brought about a new approach to aesthetic education. In this approach, she emphasizes that imagination which was often neglected in the mainstream educational system, should be employed in the learning process as a means to transfer perceptions, a lived experience and an opportunity for creativity. Her idea is based on giving freedom to the students in the imagination of possible opportunities, making a curriculum meaningful based on individual experiences and accessing new areas. These aesthetic experiences will result in a comprehensive awareness to see the phenomena from a different perspective. Greene advocates a phenomenological approach to aesthetic experience because it is an interpretation based on a particular territory of the world .Therefore, aesthetic education is a specific educational function which results in the learners’ aesthetic literacy that is a comprehensive ability to understand, interpret, and judge.

The Main purpose of this study is the explanation of beauty nature and inducing about implications of aesthetic education in terms of Kant's and Allameh Jafari. Reaching for this purpose we use the content analysis and logical deduction among the research methods. On the basis of the research findings, Kant's definition of beauty as»universal consent, the essential and without of concept, interest, and purpose «of the proponents of the theory is oriented subjectivism. Allameh Jafari's definition of beauty as» good and clean phenomena covered on the perfection that depend on the polarized internal nature (subject) and external nature (object) is«a theory in relation to a number of fans have been made. According to the Kantian notion of the beautiful, aesthetic education of secular education, seeking aesthetic attitudes, no cognitive function and form is concerned. According to Allameh Jafari perceptions of beauty, aesthetic education of religious, seeking perfection, cognitive function, and focus on having a reasonable life. Aesthetic education of each of the approaches that have been subjected to criticism such as the addressee and the originality of the attributes that form the core of Kants. Jafari's view as well of normative nature, personal and non-teaching, and hence it is difficult to realize.