aesthetics

  Higher education is considered a key component in the education system and human resources development in any country. Special educational needs are different in different age groups, which determines the special logic of the educational process in higher education. Since the higher education system is responsible for the important task of training specialized human resources, it is necessary to use appropriate, precise and systematic methods in the design, implementation and evaluation of its activities. This research seeks to design and validate the integrated model of curriculum components and aesthetic education in higher education. The main goal is to achieve components of aesthetics that can be used in the university curriculum along with other curriculum components from the field of humanities. For this purpose, these components were extracted from the literature sources of curriculum studies, the opinion of experts in this field, as well as the opinion of experts in the field of art and aesthetics, and after the consensus of opinion and the possibility of using them by the state universities of Khuzestan province, those components were used in the design of the proposed model. and then the proposed model was validated. The findings of the research showed that art and aesthetics as a perspective and paradigm in the curriculum contains many components, inspirations and components. These components can be used in the design, development and implementation of curricula, focusing on the important components of the curriculum such as goal, content, method and evaluation.

The purpose of this research is to identify the aesthetic and artistic components in the primary school curriculum based on verses and traditions and to present a structural model. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-correlation and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of nature. The number of samples in the qualitative part is 17 experts and in the quantitative part, 250 people from all teachers and education activists in Sistan and Baluchistan province (with the entry criteria: a specialized doctorate in the field of curriculum planning) and authoring and researching in the field of art and aesthetics education, and having at least 10 years of experience in elementary school). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data in the quantitative stage. To analyze the qualitative data from Atlas TI software, and in the quantitative part of the research, in order to validate the model obtained in the qualitative step, structural equation tests with SmartPLS and SPSS software were used. Quantitative findings indicate that all the calculated variables, considering that the absolute value of the t statistic for all relationships between variables is greater than the critical value of 1.96 and all the factor loadings in the standard state are greater than 0.3, therefore all The variables and relationships were confirmed and the model has a good fit
 

The aim of the current research was to identify strategies based on aesthetics for use in revolutionary education. The research method is qualitative and based on fundamental theory. Using the purposeful sampling method, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 8 experts in the field of educational sciences and aesthetics until theoretical saturation was reached. The collected data were coded using thematic analysis method to identify and discover themes. Based on the findings of the research, 6 themes of modeling method and modeling, constructive and creative education, inclusive aesthetic education, aesthetic education, media-based education, valuation and evaluation were introduced under the title of inclusive themes. Also, 18 themes of the organizers include model making, dynamic and attractive flexibility, strengthening aesthetic attitude, creative methods, educational tour, everyday aesthetics (artistic life), universal aesthetic education, game-based education, education Research-oriented, educational methods based on aesthetics, provision of aesthetic experiences, symbolic and metaphorical education, participation-oriented education, authentic aesthetic resources, aesthetic media, application of technology, aesthetic feedback and evaluation and appreciation were presented. . 109 themes were also identified as basic themes. As a result, the use of strategies based on aesthetics is a predictor of high quality in revolutionary education.

The thoughts and ideas of artists and craftsmen, according to the way they perceive the manifestations of the world, are preserved in the form of works of visual arts, architecture and decorative crafts which are exhibited, as souvenirs of culture human. Aesthetics and art sciences introduce these works according to the change and transformation of human experiences, thus the precision and elegance “creativity” of artists throughout history, cultural value, dignity and validity of works of art are measured and determined. Today, given the new dimensions that have changed with technological progress and the production of new technical tools, the way of seeing the world and material effects has transformed and led to the creation of works of art more detailed and more complete. Paying more attention to (space) and creating new precise and comprehensive artistic dimensions is considered one of the modern achievements. The characteristics of design and creation of forms, which occupied the artist’s mind throughout the ages to see the world better and create better especially when he used “geometry”, he went through the exact terms of the world of senses and reason. Recently, some artists have paid special attention to the new common branch between mathematics, geometry and art called fractal geometry, which provides information about the common secret and harmony of the universe. Among them, modern architects and visual arts have created significant works in this regard.

The purpose of the present research is to analyze artistic and aesthetic function of the images in the books of Hedyehāye Āsemāni (from the 2nd to the 6th stage of elementary school). In this regard, a descriptive-analytical method was used to present accurate analyses of the relationship between artistic images in the elementary level books and Islamic cultural perspectives. In other words, the research question is whether the images in the books of Hedyehāye Āsemāni could present religious content in an aesthetic and artistic framework for the students so that it is truly effective on their soul and perception. In order to answer this question, the artistic essence of images as well as aesthetic function of various pictures to present religious content of the school curriculum were analyzed in terms of virtual or mental images, linguistic images (objective or actual or visual), textual images, comparative images, diagnostic images, innovative and new images, relevant images to poetic texts, and the melody of words. The results indicated that lively and rhythmic pictures in Islamic contexts is evidence that the authors and compilers of Islamic curriculum have created the texts by inspiring art and purposefulness so that they have the potential for humans’ guidance and enlightenment throughout all ages and places. Within these books, individual pictures are aligned with contextual ones so that verbal, imagery, and intellectual systems of relations are evident in the artistic images vividly and clearly. The function of these artistic pictures is to explain, specify, emphasize, and convey meaning and thoughts completely related to specific and general contexts so their representation can be observed through the integrative relations. In conclusion, it should be said that the Islamic curriculum and their artistic images are great examples of rhythmic, structural, literary, linguistic, and imagery aesthetics.

The present research was conducted with the aim of designing a problem-oriented curriculum model based on the aesthetic approach in elementary school. Problem-oriented curriculum is content that is presented in the form of problems in the context of various problems. As much as art has been influential in human life, it also plays an important role in the growth and development of children. On the other hand, art can provide a suitable platform for the implementation of a problem-oriented curriculum in elementary school due to its content nature and problem-oriented capacity and greater connection with the objective life of children. By using aesthetic methods in lesson planning, students become more sensitive to issues, because they gain a good insight into the world. Therefore, in the current research, considering the inseparability of cognition from emotion, the approach of art and aesthetics is proposed as a basic approach in the problem-oriented curriculum. Regarding the application of problem-oriented learning and aesthetic approaches in the curriculum, it can be claimed that the use of problem-oriented capacities and artistic approaches in creating the desire and motivation for deep and meaningful learning of students is very important and an enjoyable atmosphere for It provides a challenging, motivating, enjoyable and social learning experience for students. In fact, one of the most important aspects of research innovation is the integration of artistic and aesthetic structure in developing cognitive functions and problem solving skills.

In terms of the method of data collection, the qualitative research method was qualitative content analysis. The research community is printed and electronic resources related to the problem-oriented curriculum, topics related to the approach of art and aesthetics in the curriculum as well as elementary education, which are in the form of treatises, articles, research reports and books between the years (2000 until 2022) have been published. To select a sample from among the available articles, sources and documents, the sequential purposeful sampling method of the theoretical sampling type was used. In the data analysis stage, conventional content analysis method was used; in which the researcher starts writing the initial analysis through his perception and understanding of the text under study and this work continues until the background for the formation of codes is started and then they are classified and categorized based on similarities and differences. In order to analyze the findings, an open, central and selective coding method was used, and in order to determine the validity and reliability of the findings, the method of confirming the research partners and multi-dimensionality was used to confirm the validity. 

The findings of the research, which were compiled in the form of four elements of the curriculum, in the goal dimension include 4 main categories (cultivation of creative thinking - cultivation of artistic thinking - cultivation of intuitive thinking and cultivation of visual thinking), the content dimension includes 3 main categories (problem formulation - The role of the teacher and the role of the learners). Next, teaching methods include 3 main categories (combined methods - artistic methods and active methods) and finally, in the evaluation element, 2 main categories (qualitative evaluation and general evaluation) were obtained from multiple sources. The results of the research indicate that the artistic approach can provide knowledge in the form of an interactive approach and help students to better understand the concepts. The use of problem-oriented capacities and artistic approaches is very important in creating the desire and motivation for deep and meaningful learning of students and provides an enjoyable atmosphere for students to experience challenging, motivating, enjoyable and social learning. Considering the wide range of meanings and functions of art and aesthetics, the problem-oriented curriculum can cause integration and dynamism between the mind and spirit of students and lead to the discovery and production of new ideas and creative answers to solve various problems. It attracts planners, managers and teachers to the fact that they can benefit from artistic capacities to improve problem-solving skills and education and flourishing of diverse talents of primary school students. Also, in order to validate the proposed model, a relative consensus was reached among the experts.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges of creative thinking development and aesthetics in preschool children. The method of this qualitative research is of phenomenological type and its statistical population was formed by preschool teachers of Saqez city in 2019, which continued with purposeful sampling until the saturation limit was reached (21 people).The measurement tool was a semi-structured interview. The results of the interview were classified into nine core code categories and four optional codes of "criticism and strictness and imposing on children, lack of concentration in children or scattering the mind, lack of development of children's professional skills and lack of promotion of critical thinking". Therefore, it can be concluded that art and beauty can be considered as a suitable mental platform for creating real knowledge and education.

The 11th grade art book has many complexities and the respected authors in many cases, including the basic concepts of art and aesthetics, have difficulty writing, messy writing and long writing and similar cases, all of which have made the teaching content of this book heavy. One of the reasons why students refuse to study the 11th grade art book is the heavyness of the course material, which itself causes learning disorders in them. These learning disorders reduce students' self-confidence and cause boredom. Their education and the efficiency of art education has been reduced. Therefore, this research aims to determine the success or failure of using the method of making crafts by students in order to solve the problem of understanding the subject of the art elements of the 11th grade art book and with the method of data collection using study resources including authentic articles between National and domestic was formed in a descriptive and qualitative manner with a promotional approach and with practical goals. The statistical population of the research was students of all eleventh grade courses of Farahikhtegan Ibn Sina High School in Rodhan, and the statistical sample was 60 people according to the standard, divided into 12 class groups of 5 people. are By analyzing and examining the tables and graphs of the research findings and results, it can be concluded that the creation of creative crafts is significantly effective in improving the students' mastery of the subject of artistic elements of the 11th art book of the second theoretical high school.

The purpose of this research is to explain wisdom through the attitude toward time and aesthetics in female students of Farhangian University of Khorramabad. For this purpose, a sample of 200 female students based on Karjesi and Morgan's table, using simple random sampling method and Webster's wisdom self-assessment scale, Worrell and Mello’s  Attitude toward time questionnaire, and AbdulMaleki et al.'s aesthetic sensitivity test were implemented on them. The data were analyzed by structural equation analysis using Lisrel software. All three hypotheses are confirmed, wisdom in female students has a positive significant relationship with positive Attitude toward time and aesthetics and a negative significant relationship with negative Attitude toward time. From the findings of the research, it is concluded that the ultimate goal in the university should be the development of wisdom skills. Because this can have a very important impact on the future choices of students, and wisdom can be developed through the development of aesthetic skills and the ability positive Attitude toward time.

"The question of Being" as the most important issue in Heidegger's intellectual life has a close relationship with the truth of art from his point of view. Heidegger, in opposition to Kant, which believed in the complete separation of the area and Judgment criteria of "critique of judgment" from theoretical reason and practical reason, argues for the interconnectedness of these areas. In his view, art in its essence is fundamentally linked to human life and human being relationships.The purpose of this research is to show first, that, for Heidegger, there is a fundamental relationship between art and life and ethics, and this relationship stems from the Worldmaker essence of the work of art. Secondly, it seeks to explain the truth of the world arising from works of art and the role and relation of this world in human life. Finally, we want to show that the refutation of the aesthetics that is separate from ethics does not lead to this conclusion that art should be considered as a tool of ethics and this idea is inconsistent with the foundations of Heidegger's thought.

The aim of the present study was to design and validate brain-oriented aesthetic curricula. The present study has analyzed qualitative content analysis method, deductive categorization system, and new and innovative international researches in relation to brain-based aesthetics. The field of research includes all printed and electronic sources. By sequential purposeful sampling method and through fish taking tools, information is collected and analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding, and then the categories of the presentation model. In order to validate and evaluate the fit of the model, it has been provided to a number of specialists in planning, curriculum, neuroscience and educational sciences, and their corrective opinions have been applied in the final model after obtaining the Kappa Cohen agreement coefficient. The results showed that the categories with higher priority and high factor load in these elements were as follows: The target element includes: visualization in learning and strengthening the brain in all activities. Content element includes: description of the function of the cognitive skills of the brain, flexibility of the brain. The element of teaching-learning strategies includes: raising the level of motivation, providing opportunities for thinking. The environment element includes: happy environment, active learning environment, aesthetic environment. The element of evaluation includes: paying attention to individual differences, using continuous and practical techniques. Therefore, according to the agreement coefficient of experts, it can be said that the proposed model for designing curricula can be appropriate in some courses and at certain ages.

the present study aims at analyzing the content of school textbooks from the viewpoint of aesthetic dimensions and parameters with an emphasis on the Qur’anic beauties.

the present study is of practical type with a quantitative approach. Its method for gathering and analysis of data is of content analysis type. The statistical society of the study was the content of the textbook of the ‘Heavenly Gifts’ in primary schools in 1399-1400 SH school year. The statistical sample of the study consisted of the textbooks entitled the ‘Heavenly Gifts’ in the primary school. The tool for gathering data was the researcher-made checklist for the parameters of aestheticism. For analyzing data, we used descriptive statistics and Shanon’s entropy.

the findings showed that in the group of material beauties, 17 cases were for beauty of nature, 14 cases for beauty of animals, 6 cases for beauty of the sky, and 2 cases for the beauty of human and human artifacts. In the group of spiritual beauties, 38 cases were for beauty of the faith, 17 cases for beauty of knowledge, 11 cases for beauty of forgiveness and forbearance, 10 cases for beauty of one’s intention, 4 cases for beauty of patience and endurance, and no case for beauty of wisdom. The results of Shanon’s entropy showed that weighting coefficient (Wj) was 271for human’s beauty, 142 for beauty of the sky, 189 for animals’ beauty, 125 for nature’s beauty, zero for beauty of colors, and 271 for beauty of humans’ artifacts. Similarly, the Wj was 331 for patience and endurance, zero for beauty of wisdom, 182 for beauty of knowledge, 294 for beauty of intention, 0.074 for beauty of forgiveness and forbearance, and 115 for beauty of the faith. Besides, the highest use of rhetorical beauty in the Qur’an was for question with 26 cases of frequency.

we can conclude that in the textbooks entitled the ‘Heavenly Gifts’ in primary schools, not all dimensions of material, spiritual, and rhetorical beauties have been paid attention to equally.

The purpose of this study is to understand the physical components of aesthetics in educational spaces from the perspective of students and to explain the creativity model of elementary school students based on the physical components of aesthetics. The research design was a sequential exploratory combination with the aim of making tools. The research method in the qualitative part was Husserl descriptive phenomenology. The potential participants of this part were fifth and sixth grade students in elementary schools(15 student) of Shiraz. The participants were selected by purposive sampling approach with criteria technique and theoretical saturation. By in-depth semi-structured interviews and aesthetic perception from the educational environments. ; themes relating to the exemplary educational leader were extracted included 14 basic themes, 4 organizer themes and in the physical aesthetic perception of educational space was designed. The basic themes were color, light, window and curtain, size, shape, wall, floor and layout, green space, walls and yard, tuck-shop, drinking place and W.C. The 4 organizer themes included visual stimuli, physical features of the class, open court and equipment. In the strategy section, the network of exemplary physical aesthetic perception of educational space was prepared as an instrument for the quantitative part.To select the sample In quantitative section, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was implemented. Participants of this research were 191 individuals students. To gather data in this section, two questionnaires were used including a researcher made 30 item the physical aesthetic perception of educational space and Torrance A-form visual creativity test. The evidences affirmed the desired validity and reliability of the researcher made questionnaire and creativity test. The findings of statistical analysis demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between creativity and dimensions of visual stimuli and open court. The comparison of Beta coefficients indicated that among the visual stimuli, physical features of the class, open court and equipment dimensions, only visual stimuli was significant and positive predictor of the creativity and other dimensions didn't act out a significant predictive role. Based on the research, paying attention to create a basement for creativity among the elementary students by the terms of considering the physical components of aesthetics in the spaces of education is of focal importance and in line to this some practical suggestions have been mentioned at the end of research.

The purpose of this study is to explain the dimensions and components of art and aesthetics based on Dewey's ideas. The research method was document analysis and the analytical corpus included 10 Dewey's works related art and aesthetics and the measurement tool was a researcher-made check-list. The findings showed that art and aesthetics included dimensions such as: feeling, morality, unity, self-awareness, imagination development. Each one of these dimensions is composed of components that feeling with 11 components; unity with 10; morality with 10; self-awareness with 9; totalitarianism with 9; imagination with 8 respectively, have the highest to the lowest focus. Also, in the dimension of feeling, expressing emotions with 8 and cultivating attitudes and desires with 3; in the moral dimension, humility with 6 and sacrifice with 3; in the dimension of unity, integration with 7 and the relationship of the subject with the direct experiences of life with 3; in the dimension of self-awareness, recognizing one's ability with 6, abundance and caring for oneself with 3,in the dimension of totalitarianism, wholeness with 8 and comprehensiveness with 3, had the highest and lowest frequency, respectively.

Introduction:

The present study examines aesthetics and art as an approach and perspective for the problem-oriented curriculum to provide its components and teachings as a model. Here, the problem-oriented curriculum is the type of curriculum that emphasizes real and artistic issues instead of pre-determined content and goals, and presents the issue as the axis of organization in the curriculum.Method:This research is a combination of research. For this purpose, first, the written sources of the two disciplines of curriculum and aesthetics, which were obtained by chain sampling, were studied, and then the views of experts in the two disciplines, which were selected by purposive sampling, were examined. Data collection and components in the qualitative stage were extracted and coded from 75 studies and in the quantitative stage, the Delphi questionnaire was used to screen the components. Analysis-interpretation and inference were used to analyze qualitative data, Delphi technique was used for quantitative data, and Demetel network-analysis process was used to determine and prioritize criteria and components.

Findings showed that the effective factors in problem-oriented curriculum planning are composed of sub-criteria, each of which includes a number of indicators. 1- Objective element: including criteria for problem solving, problem thinking, problem description; 2- Content element: including problem dimensions, information sources, problem description tools; 3- The element of teaching and learning

including modeling criteria in knowledge, dialogue and assistance tools, guidance, time working on the problem, context of the problem, support and The evaluation element includes the criteria for evaluating and monitoring performance, which is shown as a conceptual model at the end of the research.

In this study, which for the first time sought to integrate and overlap the problem-oriented curriculum with the aesthetic approach, the results showed that art and aesthetics can provide components for the curriculum and its elements. In this study, 168 components were obtained, all of which They were deemed appropriate for a problem-oriented curriculum based on expert opinion.

The present study aims to critically analyze and study artistic education with regard to the ideas presented by John Dewey. To this aim, the research method of critical philosophical exploration were employed and the target corpus included all sources including books, articles, and research studies related to the presented subject. The research samples were purposefully selected and the data were gathered through a list of collected notes and information which were later analyzed by verbal, visual and logical inference. Dewey's point of view was critically examined according to the educational viewpoints of Eisner, Greene and Allameh Jafari. According to the research findings, artistic education and aesthetics in ideas of Dewey is based on the aesthetic experiences, with a purpose of artistic education to gain the capacity to achieve aesthetic experiences, experience-based content, and problem-solving training method and also based on an attitude to explore and its evaluation is process based. Aesthetics is something that we can experience, and Dewey’s artistic education involves several implications for education.

What needs to be considered in the development of academic textbooks is the selection of an appropriate approach to the educational objectives and the ontological position of the educational subject. In this regard, the study of literature textbooks at universities shows that the focus of these books on literary history has left the aesthetic nature of literature lagging behind. Taking into account the existing vacuum, the following questions are brought to light: How far is the current prevailing approach in literature textbooks away from the nature of literature? What features literature textbooks should have in order to create in audiences a reaction proportionate to the nature of the lesson? How can the meta-literary view serve to perceive literature as an art? In the present article which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, in order to answer the above questions, first the current approach to compiling literature books is studied. Then the literature and its important components are explained. Finally, we will study the role of focusing on the nature of literature to change students' attitudes toward this subject and to clarify the need to pay attention to the ontological attitude to literature in compiling textbooks.

Art education is one of the basic functions of the educational system. However, today, art does not have a proper place in Iranian curricula, so the present study was conducted to examine the current state of art education from the perspective of teachers. The research method was descriptive-survey and the statistical population of this study was all primary school teachers in Qazvin education district two in the academic year 2017-2018. The statistical sample consisted of 200 teachers who were selected by the available method. According to the purpose and subject of the research, the data were collected through a questionnaire and finally the data were collected using frequency, percentage, mean and t-test. Single samples were analyzed in SPSS-23 software. The results showed that the construction of artistic objects (P <0.05, t = 4.38), knowledge of nature and its components in creation (P <0.05, t = 4.50), knowledge of the beauties of nature (0.05 P <0.04, t = 4.34), recognition of cultural heritage (P <0.05, t = 4.78), strengthening of the five senses (P <0.05, t = 4.67), understanding the laws of the world of creation By observing the works of creation (P <0.05, t = 4.23), creating interest in relatives (P <0.05, t = 4.20), Iranian customs (P <0.05, T = 4.23), understanding the laws of the world of creation through observation in the works of creation (P <0.05, t = 4.10), is less than average, which means that art education in these dimensions in primary schools does not go well. Considering the findings, it is necessary in cases such as storytelling by students, students' attention to their surroundings, cultivation of moderate intelligence should be strengthened, while it seems that considering the requirements, values Cultural and indigenous origin of the country, it is better to consider art education as a theoretical basis in designing art curricula for the officials of the educational system.

The present study, considering the relationship between the two fields of aesthetics and citizenship education, seeks to analyze the content of textbooks in the first grade of elementary school as one of the most effective courses, to examine the use of citizenship education indicators from the perspective of aesthetics in books. The research method is descriptive and quantitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research is the textbooks of the first elementary school in the academic year of 1397-98. The tool for identifying the aesthetic components of citizenship education indicators is the content codes designed by the researcher, which has three cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions, according to which the content of the books is coded and analyzed. The formal validity and content of the research tools were confirmed by experts and scholars of the philosophy of education and curriculum planning, and the reliability of the research tools was obtained based on Scott's formula of 0.78. The results of content analysis showed that in the whole content of textbooks of the first elementary school, 558 cases of citizenship education with emphasis on the dimensions of artistic education have been mentioned. At least 8 cases (5.4%) arerelated to the Democracy Familiarization Index Accordingly, considering the number of books and three study pillars studied, paying attention to citizenship education with emphasis on artistic education is not enough, and in fact, this amount of attention to citizenship education in textbooks cannot be in line with students' needs. To be a citizen.