content analysis

The aim of this study is to present a model for the development of a supportive government in the cultural domain. Based on the method of data collection, this research is descriptive-analytical, and in terms of research approach, it is inductive-deductive. Participants in the qualitative phase, using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis method, included 16 experts and senior managers from the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. These individuals were selected purposefully based on their relevant academic background, more than 10 years of work experience in universities and the Ministry, familiarity with cultural policymaking, and willingness to share their perspectives and experiences. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached with 14 participants. Initial interview questions were formulated through document analysis, including a review of books, articles, and relevant studies. Interview transcripts were analyzed using MAXQDA software. From the analysis of 16 interviews, a total of 191 initial codes were extracted. After further analysis, 57 basic themes and 17 organizing themes were identified. In the final stage, six overarching themes were derived from the organizing themes: budget and financial resources, policymaking and legislation, infrastructure and facilities, education and research, promotion and publicity, and support for artists and cultural activists.

In Iran, due to its unique geographical position and access to open seas through the Persian Gulf, the Sea of Oman, and the Caspian Sea, marine resources can play a significant role in economic development, national security, and the provision of energy and food resources.Therefore, the alignment and synergy of key organizations are crucial and unavoidable. Based on the conducted research, it has been identified that the following organizations are the most influential in the development of a maritime-based economy: the Ports and Maritime Organization, National Iranian Tanker Company, Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines, Navy of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Marine Industries Organization of the Ministry of Defense, Fisheries Organization, Environmental Protection Organization, High Council for Marine Industries, and the National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science. The alignment of these organizations contributes to Iran’s economic development and national security.This study, conducted through scientometrics and document content analysis, investigates synergy in the maritime horizon for the sustainable development of the water-related economy. For this purpose, all relevant documents were extracted and analyzed from the Scopus database. The analyzed documents included 46 articles up to the year 2025. The bibliometric and scientometric findings were analyzed using BibExcel and VOSviewer software, leading to the creation of scientific maps. 14 clusters and 201 items were identified. Through content analysis of the documents, the 14 clusters' thematic hotspots were recognized, and research gaps were highlighted.Based on the study findings and the identification of research gaps, practical recommendations and suggestions for future research were provided.Developing an integrated framework to align and synergize related institutions can prevent redundancy, task overlap, and unsustainable resource exploitation. Complementary recommendations were presented based on the 14 clusters, along with identifying challenges and solutions derived from the research results.

Understanding the nature and essence of informal education is a necessary and undeniable introduction to intervention in informal education, planning, participation, policy-making, and also explaining the relationship between this type of education and formal education. Therefore, given the importance of this issue, the aim of the present study is to gather the most important definitions provided for the concept of informal education and its characteristics, with a maximal approach and their analysis, and to pave the way for providing a comprehensive definition of informal education and explaining its main characteristics. To achieve this goal, the most important definitions provided for the term "informal education" in verses have been collected and analyzed and analyzed using the "content analysis" method. The result of this work was the organization of the concepts raised in the various definitions of informal education, into two branches: essence and characteristics. Based on this two-branch classification, a definition of informal education, which includes the sum of the common definitions and distinguishes the basic differences, was presented as follows: "Informal education is part of the education process that is realized in a lifelong, intentional and systematic way, in various fields outside the formal education system. This type of education is carried out with the focus of responding to various individual, local and community needs, and with the active participation of guardians and learners in planning, decision-making and implementation.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of attention paid to the six areas of education in the document of the fundamental transformation of education in the Persian textbooks of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The qualitative research method was content analysis and applied studies. The analytical community of the present study included six titles of Persian textbooks for grades one to six of the elementary school and the document of the fundamental transformation of education. Given the nature of the subject and the limitations of the research community, sampling was not carried out and the entire analytical community was examined and studied. In fact, the unit of analysis was the pages of the Persian textbook for the elementary school, including texts, questions, exercises, and images. The data collection tool was a content analysis checklist, the descriptive and interpretive validity of which has been confirmed by experts and specialists. In order to analyze the resulting data, descriptive statistics indicators were used in the Shannon entropy analytical process. The results of the study showed that in Persian primary school books, attention was paid to the six educational areas of the document of the fundamental transformation of education. From the most to the least attention, they are: The area of ​​belief, morality and worship; the area of ​​social and political; the area of ​​science and technology; the area of ​​biology and physical; the area of ​​aesthetics and art; and the area of ​​economics and profession. Also, the importance coefficient of attention to each of the six educational areas, in order of priority, is: biology and physical; aesthetics and art; the area of ​​belief, morality and worship; economics and profession; science and technology, social and political.

The purpose of the present study, was to investigate the flow of knowledge in the research and planning quarterly in higher education. In this research, 102 issues of this quarterly published in the period of 1993-2022 were reviewed. By choosing the strategy of content analysis and choosing famous criteria in this field, the quarterly magazine and its articles were checked from both structural and content aspects. In order to be able to analyze the flow of changes in the quarterly, all criteria were separated into three time periods: 1993-2002, 2003-2012, and 2013-2022. In the structural part, the movement of editors and responsible managers who were legally affiliated to the institution, as well as the evolution of topics and goals, the frameworks accepted by the quarterly magazine for publication, and the order of publishing articles were analyzed. In terms of content, 1- Demographic characteristics including: participation of universities and other institutions and centers in writing articles, scientific rank of authors, academic field and gender of specialists, group or individual writing of articles and the source of extracting articles, 2- Methodology including: research approach , data collection tools, data analysis method and strategy, the society and sample of the research, 3- The topics of interest of the authors of the articles were analyzed in relation to the topics of the quarterly magazine. Qualitative growth is observed in most of the criteria in three periods. This qualitative growth in the scientific rank of authors, more participation of women in articles, more attention to group writing, more attention to qualitative approaches and methods of combined and interpretive analysis shows itself over three decades. The focus of this quarterly magazine on planning, management and policy making is one of the distinctive features of the magazine, which has chosen its audience well. Also, the findings show that the articles of this quarterly magazine are a mirror of the social events of the higher education community; With the expansion of higher education and the emphasis on post-graduate studies, the participation of students and postgraduates in articles has increased. Considering that most of the contributors in this quarterly are humanities and social science experts, the interpretive and critical paradigm and interdisciplinary approach needs to be strengthened by the authors of the articles.

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the content of the ‘Heavenly Gifts’ textbook of the elementary school in terms of the level of the active involvement of learners with the content related to religious emotions. The statistical population of this study is the five volumes of the ‘Heavenly Gifts’ elementary textbook of the 1402-1403 academic year. To achieve the objectives of the research, I used William Rumi's content analysis method. First, I identified the textbook content related to religious emotions using the content analysis checklist created by the researcher. I used the opinion of four experts in educational sciences to estimate the validity of the data collection tool. I used the Holstein coefficient to check the reliability of the tool and the result was the number 0.83, which shows the reliability of the tool. I then considered religious emotions as the unit of study and determined the text, images and questions as the unit of analysis; and analyzed them based on active and passive categories, with William Rumi's formula and found their engagement coefficient. According to the results of the research, the engagement coefficient of the textbook is 0.1, which indicates that it is inactive. Also, the book's questions are actively designed with an engagement factor of 0.93. Examining the pictures of the book, they have a 0.6 engagement rate, which indicates that they are effective.

This study aimed to analyze strategies for enhancing group learning in primary education from the perspective of university professors in Yazd. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach and content analysis. Data were collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews with 17 specialists, using purposive sampling. Three methods were employed to ensure the validity of the findings: external auditing, participant review of results, and continuous monitoring to ensure the validity of the findings. The research results led to the identification and categorization of three selected components, six core components, and 34 sub-components as strategies for improving group learning. The findings emphasized the importance of factors such as creating rich and high-quality learning environments, purposeful social citizenship education, and strengthening systematic models in schools. Moreover, socialization education in schools was identified as a necessity for nurturing individuals who are knowledgeable, responsible, and capable of facing social challenges. The study highlighted the role of teachers as key agents in shaping desirable social actions among students. Teachers' teaching methods should encourage active participation, group collaboration, and constructive exchange of ideas. Additionally, fostering a culture of teamwork among all school stakeholders was considered a critical prerequisite for establishing effective group learning environments. Finally, the research emphasizes the need to nurture informed and responsible citizens through the design of rich learning environments and systematic education in schools.

The aim of this study was to identify the components and sub-components of the futuristiccurriculum and analyze its place in the upstream documents of education. The method of descriptive research included: documentary analysis and content analysis and its applied approach. The research population is in the documentary analysis section of all texts related to the futuristic curriculum and in the content analysis section are four upstream documents of the education system; Due to the nature of the subject, sampling was omitted and the whole population was examined. Form measurement tools, phishing and content analysis checklists have been developed by the researcher. Qualitative data and content analysis data were analyzed using descriptive indicators in Shannon entropy analysis process. The results showed:1- The conceptual framework of the futuristic curriculum can be shown in five components: multicultural, citizenship, information and communication technology, art and aesthetic, and sexual education.2- The degree of attention to the components of the futuristic curriculum varies in the upstream documents, so that the most emphasis is on the component of "art and aesthetics" and the least emphasis is on the component of "information and communication technology" and "sex education".3- Among the studied documents, the highest importance was related to the 20-year vision document (/ 439) and the lowest was related to the comprehensive scientific map of the country (/ 232). It is necessary for the authors of upstream documents to pay more attention to the less emphasized components and sub-components

To assess the status of Iranian high school graduates’ occupational preparedness in comparison to that of Turkish and Malaysian students, the high school Chemistry textbooks used in these three countries were content analyzed in terms of the job preparation indices contained in the instrument. The instrument used was deemed valid by experts. The results show both similarities and differences between the three groups based on which Malaysians rank first and Iranians last. In all three sets of textbooks more emphasis is given to “knowing and exploring job opportunities” than other indices, while “hands-on practice” was the least emphasized index. Malaysians are second to Turks only in “exhibiting appropriate behavior while working”, although they rank first in terms of attending to critical thinking, creative thinking, and group work.

The present study aimed to analyze the sixth-grade social studies textbook based on the components ofthe phenomenon of globalization. The method used in this research was content analysis using theWilliam Romey method (Romey, 1968). In this approach, each paragraph was considered the unit ofstudy for the text, whereas for questions and images, a single question or image served as the unit ofanalysis. The statistical population consisted of the sixth-grade social studies textbook in (1402-1403),and the sample size was identical to the population. The results showed that the citizenship educationcomponent received the most attention (28 cases) in the analyzed text, while the environmentaleducation component received the least attention (5 cases). Engagement with globalization componentswas semi-active (0.64). Also in the image area, citizenship education received the most attention (17cases) and environmental education received the least attention (4 cases), with a semi-active level ofengagement (0.75) concerning globalization components. In the questions analyzed, the greatestattention was given to citizenship education (18 cases), and the least attention was given to bothenvironmental education and health education (5 cases each), with a semi-active engagement level(0.62). It can be concluded that the level of attention to the globalization components in all threesections - text, images, and questions - was relatively satisfactory, but remained semi-active. However,attention to the components of citizenship education was unbalanced. Therefore, it is recommendedthat textbook authors pay greater attention to the globalization components, particularly environmentaland health education, in all three sections of the sixth-grade social studies textbook to improvestudents' engagement with the content and bring them to a desirable and active level.

This research has analyzed the content of elementary school social studies books from the perspective of the three virtues of Islamic ethics. For this purpose, the method of content analysis has been used. The statistical population of the research included the content of all the social studies textbooks of the elementary school in the academic year of 2002-03, including the third to sixth grades, which was omitted from sampling and the entire population was investigated. The research tool includes a content analysis list of the three virtues of Islamic ethics, including courage, honesty, and benevolence, which is based on Islamic teachings and the definitions and opinions of Muslim thinkers about moral virtues, and its validity is through content validity and its reliability is through Scott's method. It was calculated with 91.42%. Descriptive statistics and Shannon's entropy method were used for data analysis. In this research, the component of moral courage among the sub-components of courage with an information load of 0.99 and an importance coefficient of 0.46 received the most attention, and the component of verbal honesty among the sub-components of honesty with an information load of 0.03 and an importance coefficient of 0.2 received the least amount of attention. have dedicated themselves. Also, the results showed that the charity component among the sub-components of benevolence has zero frequency in all social studies books in all elementary grades. Therefore, it can be concluded that the three virtues of Islamic ethics have not been paid attention to in a balanced way. It is recommended to review the design and organization of elementary school social studies textbooks as a strategic goal and implement supplementary educational programs as a short-term goal to fill existing gaps.

The purpose of this study was to identify and track the components of social self-esteem in elementary school curricula.

Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the components of social self-esteem and track them in the curricula of the primary education period. The present study was applied in terms of its purpose and data collection method based on the analysis checklist in the content analysis method. Shannon's entropy method, which is derived from systems theory, was used to analyze the data obtained from textbooks. The current research was based on the content analysis method in terms of the practical purpose and the method of data collection based on the list of analysis. The statistical population of this research included all primary school textbooks in 2021-2022. According to the nature of the research topic and also based on the dominant orientations in each category of primary school textbooks, three books of Persian literature, social studies, heavenly gifts are targeted and in the sixth grade and in total 3 volumes of primary school books. It was considered as an example. The sampling unit in this research is textbooks. The tool of data collection in this research was the researcher's system of encoding components and indicators, which can be referred to as a checklist.

In this research, data analysis includes calculation of mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum score of research variables. The content analysis method was used to examine the research questions.

The results showed that 101 components regarding social self-esteem were identified in the sixth grade social studies book of students. The components of having a sense of responsibility and defending one's rights have been the most abundant in the social studies book, respectively.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how gender roles represented during the elementary school as a golden age and effective in construction the foundation of students' thought in the first and second grade textbooks. The method of this research is quantitative content analysis based on the indicators that have been earned using the opinion of experts in the field of women and family and based on the Delphi method. Qualitative content analysis has also been used to analyze the quality of representations in images and textbooks. Findings show that during primary school, there is no specific order and planning to identify and institutionalize gender concepts based on Islamic teachings. The role of women in the family is small and there is not much mention of their presence in the home or the desired way of employment and their social presence. Despite the importance of explaining and institutionalizing the original positions of men and women in the family and society from childhood and in elementary school, the attention of textbooks to the issue of gender roles is very low and is not evaluated in accordance to the policies adopted in the upstream documents and should be reviewed

Quranic addresses are among the core components of religious and Quranic culture that significantly impact the process of individual and social upbringing. With contemplation in the Holy Quran, every verse that includes an address encompasses wisdom that can be analyzed. These addresses cover diverse dimensions, including attention to the psychological, social, and spiritual needs of individuals, which can be utilized to enhance the educational system. The aim of this research is to analyze the educational implications of Quranic addresses and to examine how they can be utilized within the educational system to improve the quality of student upbringing. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing library research tools and qualitative content analysis to identify and analyze the educational implications embedded within Quranic addresses by reviewing secondary sources. The results indicate that Quranic addresses contain themes such as encouragement of reflection and reasoning, emphasis on justice and fairness, invitation to self-awareness and recognition of God, and the importance of healthy and constructive social relationships. These implications can serve as foundational principles in designing educational and upbringing programs in schools. Utilizing the educational implications of Quranic addresses can enhance students' intellectual and ethical skills and foster an effective upbringing culture within the educational system. Therefore, it is recommended that curriculum design pays greaterattention to these implications, and special training courses for teachers be organized to equip them with the skills to implement these teachings.

The theory of Social Welfare deals with the individuals’ behavior within the society and the quality of their relationships. It is of much importance for the school curriculum to incorporate such behaviors in its textbooks. In order to assess the extent to which such incorporation has been achieved within the Social Studies textbooks for junior high school, three of these books were content analyzed using a checklist constructed based on the said theory. As such, it defines Social Welfare as having five constituents, namely cohesion, solidarity, reception, cooperation, and actualization, the frequency of which was counted and then analyzed in terms of level of importance. The findings are indicative of high level of importance associated with cohesion, reception, and cooperation, leaving the other two components as low in significance. Nevertheless, it can be said the distribution of the components in the reviewed textbook is to an extent moderate and balanced, yet a review of the content and an increase in the coverage of less covered components is in order.

The aim of this study was to analyze the content of elementary school textbooks in terms of the extent to which knowledge management concepts are addressed. This research was quantitative in approach and applied in purpose. The research community included all analyzed textbooks, from which 3,669 components were identified. Content analysis was used for this research; the unit of analysis was pages (text, exercises, images, footnotes), which were reviewed through studies, images, exercises, and activities. Initially, the identified concepts were categorized into six components of the knowledge management building model: knowledge recognition, knowledge acquisition, knowledge development, knowledge distribution, knowledge utilization, and knowledge preservation. Data collection tools included a researcher-made checklist. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed using Excel software and descriptive statistical indices in the Shannon Entropy analytical process. The results showed that the knowledge recognition component had the highest frequency, while the knowledge preservation component had the lowest one. Additionally, among the textbooks, the science textbook paid more attention to knowledge management concepts in comparison to other textbooks. Among the knowledge management concepts, normalized data by textbooks showed the highest importance coefficient for the knowledge acquisition component; by grade, the knowledge distribution component had the highest importance coefficient; and overall, the knowledge recognition component ranked third based on both textbooks and grades.

The process of content analysis is the process of converting quality into quantity and then converting this quantity into quality. This method is often used in integrated research and research process and is used in various fields of educational and social sciences, including curriculum and educational planning, sociology, psychology, and educational technology.

In this research, a descriptive and library method was used, and all related these articles were purposefully selected and analyzed. This article is a review type. And also the research method based on grounded theory is used.

What is stated in this article first defines content analysis, then examines open content analysis versus hidden content analysis, as well as uses, stages, approaches, and finally attempts to express the nature of content analysis from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, and then to The two logics of induction and analogy and comparison were discussed and they were carried out in the three steps of preparing for organizing and reporting.

Since the method of content analysis has different branches, the border of their differences and similarities is not completely clear. For this reason, as well as the existence of different approaches, this research has been carried out, because by introducing, analysis and summarization of content analysis methods help researchers to write and find their methodological point of view, therefore, it has more of an operational aspect than a theoretical aspect, because it can be a precursor to the use and implementation of other methods such as the foundational data theory method.

The aim of this study was to analyze the content of Thinking and Media Literacy book in High School Based on Instruction in critical evaluation of messages. The research method was content analysis. The research sample was the content (text, images, class discussion) of the 11th grade thinking and media literacy textbook, which was purposefully selected. The tool was a researcher-made checklist. The data were analyzed and reported at the level of quantitative description as well as the Shannon entropy technique. The results showed that the components of critical evaluation of messages were paid 51 times. And sensitivity to the backgrounds and backgrounds of the messages 8 frequency, considering the main text of the message and the arguments in it 3 frequency, recognizing different forms of the message including true / false, legal / illegal, valid / obsolete, good / offensive and harmful 14 frequency, The ability to combine different information and arrive at a wise interpretation of frequency 1 is the ability to infer the quality and destination of message frequency 7. According to the available frequencies, the importance coefficient of each component is 0.2004, 0.1997, 0.0593, 0.1828, 0.0219, 0.2739, 0.0593, 0.0027 respectively.

The present study seeks to identify the mistakes in solving mathematical verbal problems in deaf and hard-of-hearing students who have completed elementary school.

For this purpose, interviews were conducted with eight hard-of-hearing and deaf female students in 7th grade with using a qualitative approach and a task-based interview method. After conducting and implementing interviews, identifying errors, and classifying them based on Newman's framework, subcodes of errors were explained by comparative and inductive content analysis. According to the findings, 17 reading errors (4.39%), 63 comprehension errors (34.61%), 39 conversion errors (21.42%), 50 processing skill errors (27.47%) and 22 decoding errors (17.05%) were identified.

Overall, results showed that deaf and hard-of-hearing students who participated in this research were unable could not to apply mathematical algorithms to solve textbook problems and in realworld conditions. They had problems understanding a real-world situation correctly and formulating it in mathematical terms.

The recommendations to help the students’ problems in solving verbal problems have been outlined. Therefore, it is recommended to modify the textbooks and adjust teaching styles to suit students with special needs.