individual factors

The purpose of the current research is to investigate a comprehensive model of factors influencing the adoption of Green Information Technology (GIT) at Urmia University. According to the research content, this study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population consists of all employees of Urmia University, totaling 355 individuals according to the census. Using Cochran's sampling formula, the sample size was estimated at 288 individuals. However, after distributing 288 questionnaires among university employees, only 173 participants met the eligibility criteria to complete the questionnaire. To examine the research variables, a questionnaire was used, designed and distributed in two sections: demographic data and specific research questions (54 items). The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability, while its validity was confirmed through convergent and divergent validity. In other words, the questionnaire was both reliable and valid. Then, structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analysis were conducted using Smart PLS software to test the hypotheses. Additionally, the key research findings indicate that, except for the effect of environmental factors on perceived usefulness, all factors (technological, organizational, environmental, and individual) have a positive and significant impact on perceived usefulness and ease of use. Furthermore, the perceived usefulness and ease of use positively and significantly affect attitudes toward the adoption of Green Information Technology. In turn, attitudes toward GIT adoption influence the intention to adopt GIT, which subsequently impacts the actual use of Green Information Technology. As a result, employees at Urmia University should prioritize technological, organizational, environmental, and individual factors, followed by perceived usefulness and ease of use, in order to develop a positive attitude toward Green Information Technology adoption and increase their intention to utilize GIT.

This study aimed to identify the dimensions, components, and indicators of professional ethics for managers in small and medium-sized enterprises.This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of ethics and organizational management. Purposeful sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Thematic analysis was performed using MAXQDA version 12, and the Delphi technique was employed in three rounds to validate the findings using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and one-sample t-tests with SPSS version 25.The results revealed that professional ethics for managers are categorized into five main factors: organizational, environmental, contextual, structural, and individual. Organizational factors included combating organizational self-centeredness and having a strong organizational culture. Environmental factors emphasized the importance of policies and a supportive work environment, while contextual factors highlighted the impact of social and political environments. Structural factors underscored the significance of management styles and trust-building, and individual factors focused on the role of psychological well-being and personal competencies. The Kendall coefficient in the third round of the Delphi technique was 0.712, indicating substantial agreement among experts.The findings suggest that improving professional ethics among managers in small and medium-sized enterprises requires a comprehensive focus on various organizational, environmental, contextual, structural, and individual factors. Implementing transparent policies, promoting participative management styles, and fostering a healthy work environment can enhance managers’ ethical behavior.

Designing and explaining the strategic thinking development model of Islamic Azad University administrators. The statistical population of this study is academic experts who have experience and education related to research in Azad University. The snowball method was used for sampling and the number of samples increased until reaching theoretical saturation, finally 16 people were selected as samples. To analyze the data obtained from the (semi-structured) interviews, the coding method has been used in foundational data theorizing. In this way, the data obtained from the interviews have been used from the three-step process of open, central and selective coding in accordance with the foundation's data theorizing process using Maxqda software for data analysis. The results of the research showed that the causal conditions include 1. individual factors 2. organizational factors 3. discourse creation. The central phenomenon includes the development of managers' strategic thinking, which includes 1. the individual dimension, 2. the intuitive dimension, 3. the systemic view. Contextual factors include 1. Cultural background 2. Learning environment 3. Psychological factors 4. Organizational independence. And intervention factors include environmental factors in two dimensions: 1: internal and 2: external. The strategies include talent management in two dimensions: 1: talent acquisition, 2: attraction and retention.Keywords: Strategic thinking, individual factors, organizational factors, discourse creation, Islamic Azad University

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying effective factors and obstacles to teachers' professional performance. The method of qualitative research is narrative writing. The statistical population of the research includes all the teachers who graduated from the field of elementary education from 1995 to 1998 in the Farhangian University of Iran. The size of the studied sample was 120 people who had a diploma and were selected by cluster random method. The sample subjects answered the semi-structured interview online.. The analysis was done by thematic analysis. Results The effective factors in the teacher's professional performance are: structural dimension: disregard for the dignity and position of the teacher, defects of the educational system, large volume of textbooks, large number of students in the class, the challenge of grading system, organizational dimension: lack of facilities in Schools, school atmosphere, non-cooperation of parents, special conditions of education in the era of Corona, economic dimension: concern about financial issues, individual dimension: lack of teacher's motivation.Obstacle,s factors in the teacher's professional performance are: structural dimension: disregard for the dignity and position of the teacher, defects of the educational system, large volume of textbooks, large number of students in the class, the challenge of grading system, organizational dimension: lack of facilities in Schools, school atmosphere, non-cooperation of parents, special conditions of education in the era of Corona, economic dimension: concern about financial issues, individual dimension: lack of teacher's motivation.

Shyness or shyness is a social emotion, and this state originates from the feeling of self-inferiority, in some cases, it becomes so intense that it affects the whole personality of a person. This research was done to investigate shyness and the disorders it causes in students' education. The method of conducting this research was narrative research. A narrative is a person's gateway to the world and shows the experiences of people in the world. Narrative research is the study of experience in the form of narrative and primarily shows our thoughts about the world. The methods of data collection in this research were self-narratives and narratives of the researcher and narrative interviews with school teachers. The method of data analysis was such that the data were analyzed in three stages open, central, and selective coding. The findings of the research show that four central factors play an effective role in the shyness of students. These four factors are; Individual, social, family, and school factors. Among the most important components and codes are lack of persuasion in school, weak human relations in school, lack of recognition of students' needs by the school, lack of planning, teachers' inexperience, and lack of teachers' familiarity with psychology. To eliminate shyness and create self-confidence and activity in students, the first step is to conduct a needs assessment of the students, and based on the conducted needs assessment, steps should be taken to solve the students' academic problems.

The present study aimed to design a model for transferring learning in in-service training of educators. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection and in terms of approach among mixed research methods of exploratory type. The research method was correlation and the statistical population of all education teachers in districts one and two of Kerman was 5000 people. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity was obtained and confirmed by Waltz and Basel (1981) content validity index for all items above 0.79. According to the sample size criteria in confirmatory factor analysis and structural model such as model complexity and number of parameters, the researcher distributed 400 questionnaires to teachers in districts one and two of Kerman and 384 questionnaires were analyzed. In order to validate the model extracted from the data, confirmatory factor analysis with partial least squares (PLS) approach was used. The results of the structural part of the model showed that the path coefficients of the latent exogenous variables of educational, individual and organizational factors affecting the transfer of learning to the latent variable of learning transfer are 0.134, 0.234 and 0.594, respectively. Which have the largest share in the transfer of learning of organizational factors. Thus, it seems that the more attention is paid to variables such as organizational climate, organizational support, application opportunity, organizational culture, organizational commitment, the better the transfer of learning. Indicated a strong fit of the proposed research model.

The purpose of the current research is to design a model for deviant behavior management in Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan). The current research is one of the exploratory mixed research. which is done in two qualitative and quantitative stages. In the qualitative part (first phase) the foundation data approach was used and in the quantitative part (second phase) the survey approach was used. In the qualitative part, samples were selected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 experts, specialists and senior managers of Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan) using theoretical sampling method. And finally, the data was analyzed with structural equations and through SPSS 22, Lisrel 80/8 and Warp PLS 7 software. The results of the quantitative part of the research showed that individual factors and job factors ( 0.280), process factors (0.270), management factors (0.260), structural factors (0.250) and group factors (0.220) respectively have the greatest impact on the management strategies of deviant behavior strategies in work environment and political factors and personality characteristics played a moderating role, but organizational characteristics and demographic characteristics did not have a moderating role, and behavior change with an impact factor (0.550) is the most effective strategy on the consequences of deviant behavior management in the workplace.

current study was conducted with the aim of measuring the impact of gender differences based on individual, family and peer factors in  attitude and tendency towards risky behaviors in the second high school students of Tehran.

The present research method was correlational. The statistical population of this research is the total number of students studying in the second secondary level of non-government schools in Tehran in the academic year of 2021-2020. Using Cochran's formula, 249 people (153 boys and 96 girls) were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The subjects responded to 3 questionnaires: psychosocial risk factors and protector of problematic behavior, Juris, Turbin and Costa (2003), Carver & White Behavioral Brain System Questionnaire (1994) and high risk behaviors of Mohammadi by self-assessment method. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation and hierarchical regression model and analysis of variance test through SPSS software.

The findings showed that personality traits explain 59% of the changes in the total score of risky behavior in students (p<0.01, F=36.74 (224 and 9)) and between the group of girls and boys in the subscale. There is a statistically significant difference in smoking, dangerous driving, anger, drug use, alcohol, sexual behavior and friendship with the opposite sex.

The results showed that personality traits, family cohesion and peer group act as an effective internal and external source against teenagers' tendency and attitude towards risky behaviors as a protective shield

TIMSS is one of the most important comparative studies that assess the status of mathematics and science education. In the past few decades, Iranian students have performed poorly. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to differentiate successful students from unsuccessful based on individual factors to investigate what individual factors can be the basis for the success of individuals in this evaluation. The method of this research is correlational in the form of differential equation. The statistical population is all schools participating in the TIMSS 2019 exam. The sampling method is regular two- stage cluster sampling method that was performed in the TIMSS 2019 exam. The data collection tool in this study is the questions of the 2019 TIMSS Questionnaire for family, student, principal and teacher, which was published by the International Association for the Evaluation of Academic Achievement in 2019. Differential analysis method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the number of books with a resolution of 0.630, science in school with a resolution of 0.462, assets with a resolution of 0.261, gender with a resolution of 0.231 and mathematics in school with a resolution of 0.210 have the greatest impact on the separation of successful students from unsuccessful students based on individual components. Therefore Having effective textbooks, presenting materials in a practical way and students' practical learning, and economic and financial status are among the individual factors influencing the success of the TIMSS and PIRLS test.

Free innovation is an important and evolving process in the domestic sector of national economies, leading to human prosperity and social welfare. The main purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the process of forming free innovation in Iran with fuzzy Delphi analysis and Dematel technique. The statistical population of the study is all experts in the field of free innovation that 12 experts from Shahid Beheshti, Allameh Tabatabai, Tehran, Imam Sadegh (AS) universities were selected and finally 12 Delphi questionnaires were completed and analyzed by the researcher. it placed. According to the results of fuzzy Delphi technique in the panel of experts, 8 components affecting the formation of free innovation process were identified and classified into three main groups. Then, in order to investigate the effect and effectiveness of the subcomponents, these factors were measured by the dimethyl technique. The results show that among the three factors affecting the formation of the free innovation process, the environmental factor has the most impact and individual and contextual factors are in the next ranks. Also, among the 8 sub-components, the factor of culture of understanding and supporting innovation has the most impact among other factors

Efforts to create a progressive and strong tax culture in the country can have an important effect on reducing costs, increasing government revenues, and creating effective controls, the result of which is an increase in social justice and public welfare. Therefore, the current research aims to explain the individual, social, internal and external factors in the development and promotion of the tax culture of taxpayers and their ranking from the point of view of experts.

This research is applied and developmental in terms of purpose and terms of data collection, hypothesis testing, and conclusion; the research method is descriptive, survey, and correlational. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed, and questions were asked using 21 variables identified in the literature, research background, and experts' opinions. The statistical population of this research is 30 experts. Both field and library methods and questionnaire tools were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaires was calculated and confirmed by the experts using the content validity method. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach's alpha test above 0.70 and was confirmed. The collected data were tested using a t-test and Friedman's SPSS software to test the research hypotheses.

The results showed that the factors related to the development and promotion of tax culture include individual factors, socialization, and internal and external factors.

The final results of this research showed that each factor related to the development and promotion of tax culture is at a favorable level.

The aim of this study is investigation the individual factors affecting creativity in Iranian organizations by meta-analysis.

The present study is a meta-analysis. CAM2 software has been used for this purpose. In the initial search with the inclusion criteria of the research year and the language, 1687 related documents were found from the studied databases. After that, 77 researches were selected and entered into the meta-analysis process.

The findings show that at the 95% confidence level, individual factors have a significant effect on organizational creativity and have been able to explain 0.467% of changes in organizational creativity. Also, the results of the heterogeneity test indicate that there is a heterogeneity between the studies, which is why the random effect size has been used. The funnel diagram also indicates that the standard error is low and the bias is relatively low, in fact, it indicates a normal and random distribution, and the observed error is due to possible oblique types.

According to the research findings, among the individual factors affecting creativity in Organization Independence with effect size (0.714), feeling of effectiveness with effect size (0.660), significant feeling with effect size (0.647) And constructive thinking strategies with effect size (0.749) had the highest effect size and a significant relationship with organizational creativity.

The purpose of this study was to identify effective factors on the emergence of teacher's organizational silence through synthesis research. The research method is qualitative and of the research synthesis type.The population of the study was comprised of all domestic and non-domestic documents related to the subject of organizational silence from databases between 2013 and 2021, totaling 100 articles. All received articles were categorized and screened through content analysis, and 39 articles (10 external sources and 29 internal sources) meeting the criteria considered in the study in the aforementioned period were selected by purposive sampling and snowball as a statistical sample and were examined.The research tool was a checklist created by the researcher to record initial research information by searching for different keywords pertaining to the purpose of the research. The validity of the proposed framework was evaluated on the basis of four criteria: credibility, transferability, trustworthiness, and confirmability. The result of the inductive and compositional content analysis of the categories is the extraction of the conceptual framework of the factors of organizational silence around 4 levels: organizational, individual, managerial, and social.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting organizational empowerment based on KM among employees of Sepah Bank branches in Tehran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative-quantitative in terms of information gathering. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of academic and organizational experts including senior managers of Sepah Bank in Tehran and familiar with human resources management, and in the quantitative section included all employees of Sepah Bank branches in Tehran. The sample size was 343 in qualitative section with theoretical saturation (20 persons) and in quantitative section by Cochran formula. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, AVE, AVE matrix, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and one-sample t-test. The results led to the identification of 14 influential components including trust, motivation, commitment, emotional intelligence, participation, communication, structure, education, culture, leadership, technology, and reward. Other results showed that the existing status of identified components in organizational empowerment based on knowledge management is desirable. In addition, the components were categorized into three categories: individual, organizational, and interpersonal using factor analysis. Among the individual factors with path coefficient (0.88) ranked first, organizational factors (0.87) ranked second and finally interpersonal factors with path coefficient (067) ranked last.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of experts on the factors affecting the formation of Iranian-Islamic identity of young people based on their lived experience. The method of this research was descriptive phenomenology.The research method was descriptive phenomenology and society including professors and experts related to the field of research in 2019. 11 experts were selected by purposive sampling method and in order to collect data, semi-structured interviews were conducted to achieve theoretical saturation. Data was analyzed by Colaizzi method and MAXQDA software. In the process of text analysis and coding steps, 5 general concepts and 12 subcategories were counted. The research findings express several concepts and categories including individual factors (developmental tasks, self-confidence), family factors (family growth-oriented function, efficient family characteristics and inefficiency of family relationships), cultural factors (opportunities and threats of the education system and cultural facilitators), social factors (respect for petty cultures and identity-making patterns) and political-economic factors (weak political trust and macro system supports). The results of this research can be used by professors, students and those involved in the higher education system and policy makers, planners and consultants in the field of youth.

The present paper aim was to compare of professional ethics injuries in the faculty members of public and free Iranian universities .The study was done quantitatively and using descriptive– comparative method. In order to collect data from the questionnaire researcher -made were used by professional ethics questionnaire of 119 dimensions. which had three dimensions: individual, organizational and super organizational. Validity of questionnaire was approved by formal validity and comment by experts in the field of training management and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha 0/84. The statistical population consisted of all faculty members of government universities and all university units throughout Iran which were selected as samples through multi-stage cluster sampling. The data obtained in this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS software 21. The results that there is a significant difference between the free and public university in the field of individual factors in all dimensions and in the field of organizational factors in all dimensions except the management and leadership factor and the organization culture factor. the results showed that there is a significant difference between the free and public university in the field of super organizational in all dimensions except for policy.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting organizational spirituality in the units of Tehran University of Applied Science and Technology. The statistical population of the qualitative section was 10 academic experts and experts who were selected by purposeful sampling. In the qualitative part, among the statistical population of 3950 employees, 354 persons were selected using multistage cluster random sampling. Librarian method, semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire were used for data collection. In order to evaluate the interview reliability, test-retest reliability and in-subject agreement method were used. Face validity, content, and construct validity were also used to assess the validity of the researcher-made questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability coefficient (both greater than 0.5) were used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The measuring tool was. The data obtained from the interviews and qualitative sections were analyzed through content analysis. Empathy, Value Adjustment, Meaningful Work, and Positive Attitude.

The present study aimed to provide a model to enhance the education system of National Bank staff. Accordingly, the study was based on mixed data type,purpose-based,applied-fundamental,cross-sectional data collection time,and descriptive-survey research method.The qualitative research consisted of academic experts and managers of the branches of the National Bank of Iran,who were selected using saturation method and purposive sampling method of 10 persons in the qualitative sector. In the quantitative part of the study, the statistical population consisted of all the employees of the National Bank of Iran,Tehran Branches.Using the Cochran formula and stepwise cluster sampling, 346 employees of the National Bank were selected as the sample size. Data collection was done in two ways: library and field. Interview and researcher-made questionnaire were used in field. Validity of the questionnaire including face validity, content, and validity of its Buddhopedia structure with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (Structural factors: 0.794, Content factors: 0.836, Contextual factors: 0.825) Combined reliability status (Individual dimensions: 0.736, Educational dimensions: 0.838, Organizational size: 0.77, 0.77) Data analysis and qualitative analysis were performed by textual content analysis (coding) and in quantitative part in both descriptive and inferential parts. In the inferential part, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and single sample t-test were used. The results of the research showed that the factors promoting the education system of the National Bank staff include individual, educational and organizational factors. In addition, the findings of the study showed that in the current situation, the individual factors in promoting the educational system are not favorable.

The aim of this study is to modeling the relationship between school factors (attitude to the school, perception of school atmosphere) and education behaviors by intermediating of individual factors (self-efficacy and self- regulation).The society of this study is all high school students in the city of Shiraz who were studing in the city's  high schools of Shiraz at the school year of 1396-1397. For sample selection, 581 students were selected using stratified random sampling method. Data  collection was carried out using the attitude to school questionnaire (SAAS)MC Coach & Sigel(2003), perception of school atmosphere questionnaire Triket& Mouse(1973),  Buffer self- regulatory questionnaire(1995),Hartler's Educational Motivation questionnaire(1980) and self- efficacy questionnaire of children and adolescents( SEQ-C)Maurice (2001). Analysis of data using structure equation test showed that the model has favorable fit.