pathology

This study identifies, analyzes the challenges in teaching the concept of Allah to preschool children from the perspective of educators, and provides solutions.

This qualitative research was conducted using the Glaserian grounded theory method with an emergent approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. To gather information, 17 preschool teachers from Tehran were interviewed using purposive sampling and the criterion of theoretical saturation. To ensure the validity and reliability of the data, participant review and expert review methods were employed. Data analysis was performed in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.

The findings indicate the extraction of over 104 open codes from the interviews and the identification of 20 axial codes. These were categorized into four selective codes: family-related challenges (focusing on the aspects of cognition, skill, alignment, exigencies of time, and religious awareness), child-related challenges (focusing on the aspects of cognition, personality, questioning, and informational sources), teacher-related challenges (focusing on the aspects of cognition, skill, insight, and exigencies of time), and environment-related challenges (focusing on  the aspects of culture, society, peer, and media).

The results highlight challenges related to children, families, teachers, and the environment.

The aim of the research is the pathology of the master's course in the field of educational management of the University of Police Sciences.

In terms of purpose, it is practical, and in terms of the nature of data and the method of implementation, it is qualitative research and theme analysis. The statistical population in this research was all professors and master's students in the field of educational management of Amin University of Law Sciences, 16 of whom were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method, taking into account the condition of theoretical saturation. Data collection was done using a semi-structured interview, whose face validity and reliability were done through re-review by the statistical community. It was organized and inclusive.

The findings of the research show that in the coding that was carried out in 3 stages of open, central and selective coding, there were 62 basic themes, 12 organizing themes and 3 overarching themes (lack of attention to the levels of educational goals, weak education and weak Empowerment), were identified as the harms of education in the master's course in the field of educational management from the perspective of the participants.

According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that all these topics along with the obtained components and indicators are in mutual relation with each other and that education should be at the master's level.

The internship period is one of the most important parts of studying at Farhangian University; However, due to the corona virus, doing an internship in the virtual platform brought challenges that are very important to identify for the post-corona era. The qualitative phase was conducted through semi-structured interviews with professors and student teachers, which were extracted after coding the data.The components of qualitative phase became the basis for building a 52-question questionnaire for the implementation of the quantitative phase, and its reliability was calculated as 0.965 based on Cronbach's alpha using Spss 25 statistical software. In quantitative phase, the statistical population of the research includes all student teachers of Farhangian University who are undergoing an internship, of which 346 students were selected using stratified random sampling. Data analysis was done with statistical software Spss version 25 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, binomial and Friedman tests.The findings indicate that the main harms of virtual internship in the present study are: low scientific-professional ability of some mentor teachers in the implementation of virtual internship,, low cooperation of school officials, guidance teachers and the offices of the place of service with the student intern, lack of full familiarity of the student teachers with the internship course,

How to compensate for the services and promote the scientific level of academic staff as the most important input in the process of knowledge and technology production has always been in the focus of attention of those involved. Iranian universities are no exception to this rule, and regulations for the promotion of their faculty members have been approved and announced for implementation. The last regulation in this field was approved in 2014 and its implementation has become mandatory since 2015. The aim of the present research was to analyze the pathology of the regulations for the promotion of academic staff members based on the views and experiences of experts in the field of humanities.

The research approach was qualitative and a semi-structured interview tool including 4 questions was used. The statistical population of the research includes experts in the field of humanities working in various educational and research units of Shahid Beheshti University, who had at least 5 years of executive management experience in the university. The selection of the sample has been done in a targeted way until reaching theoretical saturation. At the end, 25 people participated in the research. Data coding was carried out using foundational data theory in three stages.

The research findings showed that 381 primary concepts (open codes), 117 core codes and 15 selective codes (dimensions) were extracted. The dimensions obtained from the problem include 2 models. The first model includes 10 selected categories in the field of pathology of the regulations for the promotion of academic faculty members in the field of human sciences and its challenges, and the second model focuses on providing solutions for the improvement of the regulations for promotion of academic faculty members, including 5 optional categories.

Analyzing of the current situation of the promotion regulation, it appears that the uniformity of the promotion regulation and the dominance of the quantitative and bureaucratic approaches are among the main weaknesses of this regulation. Therefore, due to the existence of different fields of science, the modification and revision of the current content of the promotion regulations cannot achieve the necessary effectiveness for the field of humanities compared to other fields (especially basic sciences and engineering) in universities and in the higher education system in order to respond to the needs of society. Therefore, it is suggested that the compilation of different regulations appropriate to different fields of science should be taken into consideration.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the pathology of education outsourcing in Kardanesh conservatories in Gilan province. This research has been carried out in terms of practical purpose and descriptive phenomenological qualitative research method. The research community consists of all the managers, technical-skill assistants and students of vocational schools of Gilan province in 1401. From among them, 16 directors and vice presidents and 30 students were selected in a targeted manner. The tool of this research was a semi-structured interview. The data was processed using the seven-step Colaizzi method, and in order to validate the qualitative data and interviews, the last step of the Colaizzi method and Lincoln and Guba (1985) criteria were used. The findings showed the extraction of 4 themes for employees and 6 themes for students. The themes extracted from the staff interview included "damages related to outsourcing centers", "damages related to the quality of education", "damages related to the education department" and "damages related to schools". Also, "problems of school location and facilities", "educational problems", "problems related to compliance with order", "problems related to safety", "problems related to non-compliance with financial rules" and "problems related to the distance to the school" are topics at hand. They came from interviews with students. It is recommended to implement the necessary standards for the selection of centers providing outsourcing services, continuous and accurate monitoring of their activities, and the use of the experiences of conservatory staff and students involved in outsourcing in order to alleviate the existing challenges.

The purpose of this research is the pathology of the educational technology system in Ilam University. Ilam University, having 7561 students in 83 different fields, should use modern technology to train capable graduates.

In terms of purpose, the research method is of applied type, in terms of qualitative nature, and in terms of the method of collecting findings, it is of thematic analysis type and has an inductive approach. The findings were analyzed the content analysis method in three stages of coding to obtain basic, organizing and comprehensive themes. The validity of the findings was confirmed with the help of intra-subject agreement coefficient.

The findings show that the five organizing themes include structural pathology, empowering educational pathology, technology-based educational management pathology, cultural-psychological pathology and pathology. Macro-management environment from the total of 33 basic themes is suitable for expressing the pathology model of educational technology in dimensions (educational needs assessment, educational design and planning, implementation and evaluation).Conclusions and suggestions: Based results obtained from the research, in line with the pathology of educational technology in Ilam University, the enabling educational pathology has the most importance and the pathology of the macro-management environment has the least importance.

Innovation and originality: 

Comprehensive review in this research is a new approach. Because hardware and media have been examined in all researches, in addition to the above, design, implementation and evaluation were considered.

The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges and solutions of the social-cultural identity formation process of Farhangian University students. This is a qualitative research with inductive data analysis method using coding system via an in-depth interview. For validation, the audit trail method was used. Research validity was carried out using the method of review by professors. The research community included 2250 students of Farhangian University of Hormozgan province, and the research sample included 15 people who were selected based on the principle of saturation. Eleven key categories emerged as the findings of the data analysis which include impact of western culture on student teachers, passivity and disinterest of student teachers towards participating in cultural and social activities and programs, lack of expert planning, educational and executive forces regarding the activity. and cultural and social issues, gender segregation (lack of experience of mixed social atmosphere), insufficient attention to the dignity of student teachers and teaching profession, lack of suitable platform and conditions for the implementation of activities and all-round participation of student teachers in cultural programs and the social aspect of the university, lack of introduction of a suitable model of behavior in the society and the university for student teachers, lack of cultural and social field programs at the university level and crisis of occupational and cultural-social identity in a large number of students are creating challenges for the formation of cultural and social identity. Also, eleven key categories include raising the level and dignity of student teachers in the university and society, involving student teachers in the planning and implementation of cultural and social activities of the university, creating an environment for freedom of speech for student teachers regarding the expression of cultural and social issues, creating an expert and dynamic core regarding planning, training and implementation of programs, cultural and social issues, explaining and teaching cultural and social issues and programs to student teachers in detail, making social and cultural programs and making activities attractive and competitive in the university, creating a basis for improving knowledge, implementing field programs focusing on cultural and social issues, and designing and preparing uniforms for student teachers are the solutions for the formation of cultural and social identity. In general, it can be said that the attitude of some students has moved towards modernity and post-modernism as an ideal movement and the idea of leaving the country is the root of some of them. The influence of the western lifestyle in the society is increasing day by day and the authentic Iranian-Islamic social cultural values and beliefs are being weakened. In addition, the common cultural conflicts in the society between sub-cultures and Iranian-Islamic culture with Western culture are increasing. It is necessary to explain and teach the programs and cultural and social issues to the student teachers.

Descriptive evaluation plays an important role in the new education system. In fact, descriptive evaluation has a new look at the role of the teacher, the role of the student and the place of evaluation in the teaching-learning process. The aim of the present research was the pathology of the descriptive evaluation system and providing a suitable model in the primary education period (the case study of Alborz province).research

The research method was self-emergent in terms of the qualitative design of the foundation's data type. The statistical population of the research included (experts or experts and pathology specialists of the descriptive evaluation system in the elementary school), the sample size was determined by taking into account the law of saturation, the number of 21 people with a purposeful (informed) snowball sampling method. The data collection method was library method, and the measurement tool was semi-structured interview. In order to analyze the data, coding was used.

Based on the paradigm model of the descriptive evaluation system model in the elementary school, according to the existing damage of education in Alborz province, it has 20 main categories and 72 subcategories out of 236 open concepts, it is approved and can be used in the field of descriptive evaluation. It also showed that the central, causal, strategic, contextual, mediating and consequential categories identified in the descriptive evaluation model have high credibility and are approved by experts.

It seems that the model designed for the descriptive evaluation system in the primary period is approved with regard to the existing damages in the education of Alborz province.

This article aims at the pathology of university culture in Iran's universities by reviewing studies conducted within the country. This qualitative research was done by content analysis method. For this purpose, all articles in databases (sid, magiran, noormags) were searched with keywords of culture, university, university culture as a research population, among them 11 articles related to research topic Was identified and selected as a sample. Articles were studied and analyzed. The categories and statements obtained as pathology to academic culture were placed below the previous ten recognized axes for academic culture. The most important pathology to academic culture based on the results of this research and in order of priority are: pathology related to university management, communication, professional ethics, and learning and education. Scientific freedom pathology is in the top priority. The results of this research can be used for higher education policy in the field of eliminating academic culture damage.

The family is one of the most important socialinstitutions. One of the most important functions of this institution is to raise children and transmit culture and values ​​to the next generation. Among family members, the role of women is of special importance, both in terms of physiological status and in terms of cultural and social status, both in the position of spouse and in the position of mother. However, in the West, along with modernity and later on, based on feminist teachings and in the name of defending women's rights, family functions, marital status and status have undergone extensive changes. Adding to the concerns is that so far the issue of the family has not become a major concern of any of the research, expert, policy and planning institutions of Western countries, so the present study seeks to look at Western society. The woman is examined to investigate the causes and injuries of this phenomenon.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the difficulties of the virtual education system based on the happy educational system for students with special needs.

This research is qualitative in terms of research approach, in terms of purpose, applied; In terms of data collection method, descriptive-survey and in terms of time, cross-sectional. The statistical population of the present study includes experts and experts in the field of distance education and officials and experts of exceptional education as well as managers and teachers of exceptional education schools in the country in the academic year of 1401-1400. 30 qualified people were selected by purposive sampling method and 530 people answered the semi-structured questionnaire in writing. Summarizing and analyzing the text of the interviews was done according to thematic analysis method.

The analysis of the data obtained from the interview with the research participants shows that the appropriate dimensions and components for virtual education policies for students with special needs follow a special conceptual model that is similar to the Crick pathology model. Patrick includes four levels of adaptation: reaction, learning, behavior and results. Also, the difficulties of virtual education based on Shaad separately for teachers as one group and for school administrators and experts of special education departments as another group And also the difficulties of virtual education based on Shaad for students according to the spectrum of students' disabilities, including multiple disabilities, autism spectrum, vision impairment, hearing impairment, mental retardation, physical motor impairment, and learning disorders along with the frequency of participation responses. It is presented in statistics and research.

The review of the findings indicates that the Shad educational system needs many changes in order to provide suitable virtual education for students with special needs.

In the present age, which is the age of knowledge, organizations can survive by paying attention to knowledge and its effective management as an organizational resource. Because proper knowledge management will lead to a competitive advantage for organizations and ultimately more success and ultimately organizational excellence. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the pathology of knowledge management in academic centers so that the most important harms of knowledge management in these centers are known and through this, knowledge management can be established in the best possible way. The statistical population of this study is all specialists in the field of higher education management, professors and staff experts in universities of Kerman province. 32 people were selected as the sample group by purposive sampling method. Research data were obtained through open and semi-structured interviews among the sample group. The pathology of knowledge management in this study was investigated using the TOPSIS model and the ranking of knowledge management injuries was determined within the framework of the three-pronged model including behavioral, environmental and structural dimensions. Accordingly, in the category of behavioral factors, respectively, "low motivation and teamwork and job dissatisfaction of employees", "lack of attention to maintaining human dignity and lack of meritocracy", in the category of environmental factors, "underestimation of people's opinions in making changes and Isolation of specialists and scientists "and" Lack of public knowledge and familiarity with knowledge management and lack of movement of society in the direction of knowledge "and in the category of structural factors" Uncertainty of missions and strategies in universities and higher education centers "and" Lack of attention to the program Implementation, weakness in organizational discipline, complex administrative hierarchy, and participatory decision making are the most important disadvantages of knowledge management implementation.