research ethics

The present research has been carried out to explain the factors affecting the compliance of graduate students with research ethics.

The current research was a descriptive-survey type of research. The studied population included all Allameh Tabatabai University graduate students; 266 students were selected using the stratified sampling method.

The research results show that the standardized coefficients in the measurement models: in the dimension of individual factors, in the group of women, personality, and the group of men, motivation had the highest factor load. In the model of environmental factors inside the university, both indicators have close factor loadings in the group of women and men. Finally, research and writing in the non-Persian language have the highest factor load in the model for measuring environmental factors outside the university in the group of men and women. Structural standardized coefficients also showed environmental factors outside the university in the whole sample and the group of women, and in the group of men, individual elements with the highest factor load on research ethics.

Decision and policy making in the area of complex issues such as educational issues without the solid research bases not only economically, but also morally is an inadmissible and illogical endeavor. Indeed the horrible consequences of such decisions may endanger the life of a generation and even future generations. In fact, in the most optimistic stance, some educational policy makers understand the nature of educational problems and thus attempt to make informed decisions based on results of educational studies. Consequently they partly ensure that their decisions will be just and logical. The roles of educational researchers are then reached to an extraordinary sensitivity. It requires them to concern about ethical issues more than any other role and be aware of and adhere to it in their research. This awareness and commitment encourage researchers to be consciousness and cautious in the process of research from formulation the research problem to implementation of study and report the results. Obtaining to such understanding requires an ability to understand the complexity of educational phenomena, the philosophical and ideological underlying of different methodological paradigms and utilizing the capabilities of multiple perspectives and research methods and techniques for collecting and analyzing data. But more importantly, the researchers should believe to the role of research in the improvement of educational policy and practice. They need to adopt fairness and integrity in gathering and analyzing data and act with prudence and tact in recommending the theoretical and practical solutions

The aim of this study was to investigate and validate research ethics in engineering graduate students.  The research method was descriptive-survey and the statistical population included all postgraduate students of technical-engineering fields at government universities of Tehran, Hormozgan, Ferdowsi and Gilan in the first semester of the academic year 2020-2021. Due to the size of the statistical population and the nature of the research, a sample of 402 people participated in the research and completed the Sailor Research Ethics Scales (1997) electronically. Statistical analysis of data was performed with SPSS 24 and Lisrel 8.5 software. The validity of the research ethics scale was examined from both content and structure aspects and the fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the confirmation model has an acceptable fit (χ2 = 52.2843, RSMEA = 0.09, RFI = 0.92, GFI = 0.74, CFI = 0.96). The reliability process was used the internal consistency method and the correlation of each subscale with the total score. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for internal consistency, were 0.95 for the whole scale and 0.84, 0.74, 0.76, 0.90 for the four personal integrity, methodology, data analysis and publication. Also, the matrix of correlation coefficients between the subscales with the total score of research ethics indicated strong internal relationships and a significant positive correlation (P <0.001). Finally, in order to compare the results of future research with the norm group in Iranian culture were reported the mean and standard deviation of the subscales of the research ethics scale.

In recent years, synergistic policies, regulations, and procedures have been developed in higher education that have resulted undesirable outcomes that have led the university to unethical behaviors in the research process. The irregular growth of universities and higher education institutions, changes in regulations of theses and dissertations, paper-based faculties promotion regulations are the drivers of these changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the externalities and of this metamorphosis in higher education and the effect of these factors on the dynamic life cycle of research and its products, especially scientific papers. For this purpose, the consequences of these strategies were extracted by literature review. So, using the tools of cause-effect loops model in the form of 5 subsystems including:  dominance of poor quality research works, non-practical and similar research, increasing scientific journals and forming power networks around it to publish articles, spread of research misconduct and scientific violations, expanding the market for outsourcing research and ghostwriting and commercializing higher education and changing faculty members' views from a generous to an instrumental view to the students, integrated and final model also included 10 reinforcing loops and 3 balancing loops of the externalities of this change in policies and their interactions have been identified. Finally, with a holistic perspective, an interactive model of the potential externalities was developed.

The main objective of conducting the present study was to identify the components and indicators of research ethics in higher education and analyze them in Persian books on research methodology. The latter was conducted using the descriptive-analytic method. The statistical population of the study included all books, articles, charters and standards on research ethics as well as documents and resources related to research ethics between 1971 and 2017. Regarding the sampling method, it was decided to use census, which due to limited population, led to analysis of all available sources and references. Given the data collection tool, it was attempted to make use of snippet forms. Besides, the qualitative analysis method was used to analyze and summarize the findings. The research findings showed that, generally, there were three components and, for each component, indicators for the research ethics as follows: 1) The ethical principles pertained to the researcher and its related issues, 2) The ethical principles related to the participants in the research and its related issues, and 3) The ethical principles related to the publication of research results and its related items. Furthermore, the results showed that, in relation to the components and indicators of the research ethics, some disperse discussion has been developed in the books of research methodology in the dispersed and superficial way. In general, given the importance and research ethics in the higher education system, it is necessary to practically and theoretically focus on this important domain.

The present study was conducted with the aim of study affecting factors on efficiency of research ethics from the viewpoint of female students of Farhangian University of Qom province The research methodology is theoretical survey and field study in terms of data collection and descriptive survey respectively. Statistical population of study included students which amounted 750. The study's sample size was determined 256 students based on Morgan's table, and they were selected using Simple sampling method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the 5-point Likert scale which consists of 38 questions. The content-related validity of questionnaire was approved by experts, and its reliability was 0.93. The collected data was analyzed using the (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,) Data analysis was carried out through Structural Equation Modeling with Lisrel software.The results showed that that three factors including Individual factors, inside university environmental factor, and outside university environment effect on the student research ethics. It was also revealed that according to female students of Farhangian University of Qom province the outside environmental factor is the most effective one and individual factors and the inside environmental factor has the least influence on research ethics.

In the present era, ethics is the key concept. Development of information and communication technologies has effected all areas of human life and actor's ethical and professional life in scientific fields not exempt from these developments. Increased use of the internet and cyberspace has attracted the attention of scientists in academic research into emerging concepts such as computer ethics, translation ethics, knowledge ethics and most important of all research ethics. The purpose of this study was to investigate Predisposing factors for research ethics and method was a qualitative with an emphasis on grounded theory approach. Participants in this study were 12 graduate students at Tabriz University in 2014. In this study, a purposive sampling and the critical cases strategy was used. Data were collected through appointment interview method with emphasis on the information confidentiality of student's information. The central questions in this study were: What are the factors effecting noncompliance to research ethics? What are the consequences of noncompliance to research ethics? What to do? Based on Strauss and Corbin's systematic and analytical procedures, data from interviews were analyzed in three steps: open coding, axial and selective. Research validity obtained through peer debriefing, members control and self-monitoring. Results showed that personal factors (delayed gratification, instrumental attitude toward research and religiosity of researchers) and structural (incomplete educational socialization, lack of material welfare, lack of a non-material welfare, normative pressures of society, social learning, quantitative oriented higher education, poor systematic supervision, the negative attitudes of society and the scientific community toward students) are couragements not to follow the standards of research ethics. Doxa Cracy in the anomy as the central core is discovered.