schema therapy

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy on separation anxiety among adolescent girls in Shiraz city.

The research method was a experimental pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all female teenagers in the first and second secondary grades studying in Shiraz in 2022. Using random sampling, 45 students were divided into three groups (15 people), a control group (15 people), an experimental group with schema therapy training (15 people) and an experimental group. The experimental groups were subjected to dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy for 8 sessions of 75 minutes, and the control group received the usual treatment. The therapeutic protocol Linch et al. (2003) was implemented for the dialectical behavior therapy group and the therapeutic protocol Yung et al. (2011) was implemented for the schema therapy group, and the control group did not receive any training. Statistical data analysis was done using covariance analysis and SPSS software version 23.

The results and data analysis showed that dialectical behavior therapy had a significant positive effect on separation anxiety and reduced it (P<0.001), the effect rate was equal to 17%, and schema therapy behavior therapy had a significant positive effect on separation anxiety. had and caused it to decrease (P<0.001), the effect was equal to 30%. The findings showed that after the intervention, both treatment methods improved the separation anxiety of adolescents compared to the control group.

Based on the results of the research, it can be said that dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy, along with other treatment methods, is a suitable intervention method for improving the separation anxiety disorder of adolescents, and psychologists, clinical counselors and therapists in the field of adolescents can reduce the problems of adolescents suffering from separation anxiety by holding psychological workshops such as behavior Dialectical therapy and schema therapy should be used as convenient, accessible and low-cost treatments to help these people.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of schema therapy for marital adjustment of married women.

The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test research design with a control group and the statistical method was covariance analysis. The statistical population of this study was married women who referred to the health centers of the 11th district of Tehran (N=100). First, two neighborhood houses are selected as a cluster from the neighborhood houses of the 11th district of Tehran, then a questionnaire is given to women voluntarily by putting up a banner and a public call, and 30 eligible volunteers are selected in a targeted manner and randomly in they come Two groups of 15 people were included in the control group and 15 people in the experimental group. The experimental group participated in schema therapy for 10 sessions. The tool used in this research was Spiner's (1976) marital adjustment with Cronbach's alpha of 0.96, which the control and experimental groups responded to once before the start of the first session and once after the end of the last schema therapy session.

The results of covariance analysis of data showed that schema therapy was effective for marital adjustment of married women in district 11 of Tehran.

According to the results obtained from this research, I can express a schema to improve the marital compatibility of married women. Therefore, psychologists can be advised to use this method to increase marital compatibility in married women.

The purpose of this research was to effect schema therapy on reducing negative attribution style and cognitive avoidance of students with specific learning disabilities.

The research design was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population included all students with specific learning disabilities in Dezful city, from among whom 30 were purposefully selected and tested in two groups of 15 each. The research instrument was children's attribution style questionnaire (Thompson et al., 1998) and cognitive avoidance (Sexton and Douglas, 2008). First, the pre-test was conducted in two groups and then the experimental group was trained in schema therapy for 8 sessions. These meetings were held in groups and weekly. At the end, both groups were evaluated in the post-test.

The results of univariate covariance analysis showed that the schema therapy program reduced the negative attribution style and cognitive avoidance of students with specific learning disorder (P<0.001).

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that schema therapy training is an effective treatment for reducing the negative and avoidant attribution style and generally improve mentally healthy.

Tokophobia is a severe fear of childbirth, which appears as a specific phobia; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of schema therapy on resilience and its components in nulliparous pregnant women with tokophobia in Isfahan city.

The current research was semi-experimental research of pre-test, post-test and follow-up type with a control group, which was conducted in the statistical population of nulliparous pregnant women with tokophobia in Isfahan city in the autumn of 2021.The research sample consisted of 30 people who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two control and experimental groups after matching. The experimental group receive schema therapy sessions for twelve 60-minute sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. All subjects of the research answered the questions of Resilience Conner -Davidson (2003) in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Collected data were analyzed using spss-23 and with repeated measure analysis of variance.

The findings showed the resilience scores (β=0.64 & p<0.01) and components of the perception of individual competence (β=0.48 & p<0.01), trust in individual instincts (β=0.01). (β=0.26 & p>) and positive acceptance (β=0.26 & p<0.01) increased in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test scores and maintained its effectiveness in the follow-up stage (>0.05) p).

Schema therapy, due to the exposure of primary incompatible schemas, which has been effective in the formation of low resilience in pregnant women with tokophobia, reduces its amount and, as a result, increases resilience in them.

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of schema therapy training on life satisfaction and quality of life of gifted students with symptoms of anxiety. The research method was semi-experimental based on pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all students (180 peoples) with anxiety who referred to the counseling office of gifted High School in Khorram Abad city in 2023. The statistical sample consisted of 30 volunteers who were randomly divided into two groups of 15, a experiment group and a control group. The research tool included Veber & Sherboun Short-form Health questionnaire (SF-36) and Diener et al.'s life satisfaction questionnaire (SWLS(. After the pre-test, schema therapy intervention was performed in the experimental group in 8 sessions (one session per week as a group) and after that, the post-test phase was performed in both groups.The findings based on multivariate covariance analysis showed that in the post-test, at a significance level of 0.001, the life satisfaction and physical health and mental health mean in the schema therapy intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group. As a result, Schema therapy intervention is an effective program to increase life satisfaction and quality of life of students with symptoms of anxiety.This treatment helps students to improve their insigt, turn negative schemas into positive ones, and by creating a purpose and meaning in their lives, reduce the anxiety them and increase their satisfaction with their lives. So, it is suggested to use schema therapy to increase the mental health of students with anxiety symptoms in the education environment.

The research was carried out with the present aim of the effectiveness of schema therapy on primary maladaptive schemas in mothers with intellectual disability children in Quds city. This study was conducted as a semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all the mothers of intellectual disability students in Quds city in the academic year of 2022-2023, from which 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 15 people, experimental and control. Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) was completed by both groups as a pre-test, then the experimental group received 12 sessions of schema therapy and the control group went through their normal daily schedule. Then, both groups were given a post-test and the research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (central tendency and dispersion indices) and inferential (covariance analysis) methods in Spss version 22. The results showed that schema therapy had a positive and significant effect on reducing initial maladaptive schemas (h=0/628, P<0/001). Using schema therapy as an effective treatment can reduce and adjust the initial maladaptive schemas of mothers with intellectual disability children and help improve their mental status and daily life

Suicide is one of the most important indicators of mental health in a society, and many economic, social, psychological and individual factors are involved in its occurrence. The aim of this research was investigation the effectiveness of schema therapy approach on conflict resolution management in women with suicidal thoughts referred to Khurshid Hospital in Isfahan. The research design was a semi-experimental pre-test post-test type with a control group. The statistical population included all of the women with suicidal thoughts in Isfahan city. Sampling was done by simple random method and 30 women with suicidal thoughts referred to Khurshid Hospital were selected, and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The measurement instrument included the Robbins’ Conflict Management Style Questionnaire. The experimental group received package of Young et al’ schema therapy training package in 8 sessions twice a week. The duration of the sessions was 90 minutes. The results of Covariance Analysis showed that schema therapy approach was effective on the conflict management of women with suicidal thoughts and this therapy approach was able to improve the dimensions of conflict resolution styles including control, circuit solution, and non-confrontation. Improve competition in women with suicidal thoughts in the post-test stage. The results indicate that schema therapy approach is effective in improving communication and correct management of conflict resolution in women with suicidal thoughts. As a result, it is possible to prevent this social harm to some extent by holding group therapy sessions for these women.

Parents with children diagnosed with autism face special and unique challenges in life in the areas of parenting, family, emotional, social and economic issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on reducing the symptoms of chronic depression in mothers with children with autism.

The method of quasi-experimental research was pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population included all mothers with autistic children in Gorgan in 2018. 30 people (15 in the experimental group) and (15 in the control group) were selected as the sample by purposive sampling. The experimental group was trained in groups for 8 sessions and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. The research instrument was the Stress, Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (1995). Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that schema therapy training had a significant effect on reducing chronic depression in mothers with children with autism (p≤ 0.000).

Therefore, according to the findings, it can be concluded that the treatment scheme can be used to treat chronic depression in mothers with children with autism.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema-therapy training on work-family conflict and marital satisfaction of married working women.This quasi-experimental study was performed using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consists of married women working in all branches of Golestan Company. From this population, 30 of them were selected as the study sample by the available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects completed two questionnaires of work-family conflict Carlson (2000) and Enrich's marital satisfaction (1989) in two stages pre-test and post-test. The experimental group underwent schema therapy training in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Statistical data were analyzed using analysis of covariance by SPSS software version 21.The results showed that the work-family conflict score of married women working in the experimental group in the post-test was significantly lower than the control group and their marital satisfaction score in the post-test was significantly higher than the control group. (p <0/05).Based on the findings of this study, It can be concluded that schema therapy training can be used as an intervention method to reduce work-family conflict and increase marital satisfaction.

Today, in many societies, we see emotional divorce and formal divorce, which can cause negative physical and psychological effects on couples, their children or even society. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of punitive parent and vulnerable child schemas in emotional divorce among students of Qom Azad University in the academic year 1399-1400. The sample size was 298 people by available sampling method. The instruments used were the Guttman Emotional Divorce Questionnaire and the Andler and Parker Stress Scale. Data were collected and analyzed using hierarchical regression method in SPSS software.Results and The results showed that the mentality of the punishing parent has a positive and significant relationship with the emotion-oriented coping style. Also, this mentality has a negative and significant relationship with the problem-oriented coping style. The mentality of the punishing parent has a positive and significant relationship with the avoidant coping style; This mentality also has a positive and significant direct relationship with emotional divorce. Vulnerable child mentality has a positive and significant relationship with emotion-oriented coping style. Vulnerable child mentality has a negative and significant relationship with problem-oriented coping style. Vulnerable child mentality has a positive and significant relationship with avoidant coping style; Vulnerable child mentality also has a direct and positive relationship with emotional divorce.

The purpose of this study was to teach schema therapy on depression and anxiety in patients with covid-19 discharged from medical centers. According to the purpose, the research design was applied and in terms of method, it was a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test with a control group with random arrangement in the subjects. The statistical population included all patients discharged from medical centers due to covid-19, who were diagnosed with anxiety and depression by referring to Navid Mehr Clinic between November and January 1400. From the community, 20 people were selected voluntarily and purposefully and were randomly divided into two groups (10 people in schema therapy, 10 people in control). The research instruments included Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory. The results showed that schema therapy is effective on depression and anxiety in patients with covid-19 discharged from medical centers. Based on the results, it can be concluded that schema therapy is able to reduce anxiety and depression by targeting individual molds or patterns and reconstructing early maladaptive schemas.

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of schema therapy on couples' feelings of loneliness and emotional malaise. The statistical population included all couples who referred to counseling centers in District 5 of Tehran due to conflict in the second six months of 1400. In this study, 30 couples with 15 pairs divided for each (experimental groups and control group) that this number of individuals, according to the inclusion criteria, cooperated with this study. Data collection tools included Russell, Pilva, and Cortona (1980) Loneliness Questionnaire; . The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods. In this research, descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of research variables and show the frequency and related graphs, and inferential statistics were used to test the research hypotheses. Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze inferential statistics data. The results showed that schema therapy training is effective on couples' feelings of loneliness and emotional malaise. Due to the severity of the effect, schema therapy training has a greater effect on the couple's feeling of loneliness.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of schema therapy on the cognitive avoidance of female students with early maladaptive schema. The present study had an experimental design with pretest, posttest, control group and two months follow up period. The statistical population of the present study included secondary school female students with early maladaptive schema in the city of Isfahan in the academic year 2019-2020.Thirty female students with early maladaptive schema were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (each group consists of 15 adolescents). The experimental group received eight seventy-five minute sessions of a schema therapy intervention over one month (Sayyadi et al., 2017). Two students from the experimental group and two from the control group withdrew from the study. The questionnaires used in the current study included Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire (EMSQ) and Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ). The data obtained from the study were analyzed by repeated measures method ANOVA using SPSS 23 software. The results showed that schema therapy has a significant effect on cognitive avoidance of female adolescents with early maladaptive schema (p<0.001). The results of the present study suggest that schema therapy can be used as an effective therapy to reduce cognitive avoidance in female adolescents with early maladaptive schema.

The aim of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on parental stress and psychological hardiness of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in 2019.

This semi-experimental study was conducted as pre-test and post-test with control group. Statistical population included all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in the city of ANDIMESHK. From among these mothers, 30 mothers were randomly selected and put into the experimental and control groups of 15 persons each. The parenting stress index (Abidin, 1995) and psychological hardiness questionnaire (Kobasa, Maddi & Kahn, 1982) was the instrument of this study. First, the pretest was conducted on the two groups. Then, the experimental group was exposed to an eight-session training of group schema therapy these sessions were weekly held in group. At the end, the post-test was applied on both groups.

The results of covariance analysis indicated that schema therapy has significantly decreased parenting stress and increasing psychological hardiness and there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the psychological hardiness and parenting stress of the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (P<0.001). The mean of stress in the experimental group was lower than the mean of the control group. Also, the psychological hardiness in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Thus, the effectiveness of schema therapy on increasing psychological hardiness and decreasing the level of parental stress of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder was confirmed.

Based on the results of the effectiveness of schema therapy approach on childbearing stress and psychological stubbornness of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder, it can be concluded that schema therapy training is an effective treatment to promote psychological stubbornness and reduce parental stress and generally improve mentally healthy.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on obsessive-compulsive disorder and guilt in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, three groups. The statistical population included all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Dezful in 1397. The study sample included 45 patients with the disorder. It was obsessive-compulsive. The sample was selected by purposeful sampling from the statistical population. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups based on treatment, acceptance and commitment, schema therapy and control (15 individuals in each group). The three groups thus formed were similar and measurements were made for both experimental groups at one time. The research tool is Padua Forced Syndrome Scale (1980) and the Kogler & Jones Guilt Questionnaire (1992). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results of data analysis showed that the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective in reducing obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (P <0.05).

Also, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy based on guilt was more than schema therapy (p <0.05).

Obesity is a rapidly growing health problem in every society. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on quality of life and body image of obese women.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women referred to the obesity treatment center of Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran in 2019, Among them, 45 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in three equal groups of 15 people. The research instruments included a world health organization quality of life (WHO, 1989) and a multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire (Kash et al., 1997). Subjects in both experimental groups underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of treatment once a week. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS/24 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy with the control group on quality of life and its dimensions and body image and its dimensions in the post-test and follow-up stages (p < 0.05). Also, cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective than body therapy on improving body image and its dimensions, But there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments on quality of life and its dimensions (P>0.05).

Based on the results, it can be said that two methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy and schema therapy can be used as effective therapies to improve the quality of life and body image of obese patients in educational and medical settings.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on Reducing Early Maladaptive Schemes and Psychological Symptoms of neuropsychiatry Veterans Wives.

In this study, a single-subject A-B interpersonal design with baseline and intervention with follow-up period was used. The statistical population consisted of all the spouses of veterans of the Martyrs and Martyrs Foundation of Tehran in 1398 who were selected by purposive sampling. After the baseline position, twenty sessions of individual schema therapy were presented to the participants. Visual analysis and percentage of improvement were used for data analysis.

The results showed that the effect of schema therapy on the modification of early maladaptive schemas and the psychological symptoms of the wives of the martyrs and martyrs foundation veterans. In other words, the percentages of remission and effect size related to early maladaptive schema domains and psychological symptoms showed a moderate to a higher than average decrease in participants.

According to the findings of the study, it seems necessary to plan for intervention in cognitive and emotional levels in clinical interventions of spouses and families of veterans with psychiatric disorders and because of the effect of schema therapy on reducing psychological symptoms, Benefit as an effective approach.