science production

The aim of this study was to identify the experiences and perceptions of faculty members about the concept of research. The approach of interpretive research and its strategy was phenomenology and the field of research of Kurdistan, Hamedan, Kermanshah and Ilam universities. The sample size reached 15 people using semi-structured interview tools and with maximum diversity according to the criterion of theoretical saturation, which were selected by purposive sampling method and data were collected and by means of harmonization method. Data validation verified. Data analysis was performed with a descriptive-analytical approach using coding at both open and axial levels with the help of MAXQDA software. The results include four basic concepts and categories of research as a technical act, research as an individual action, research as a social action and research as a value. Each category has sub-components. Achieving all-round development and progress is not possible without proper use of research findings, so decision-making in decision-making systems requires that a suitable environment for the growth and development of researchers is a priority

This research begins with discussions in the field of “Methodology of Science”; and then it is followed up by proposing topics in the field of “epistemology of science” and finally, it tries to provide a research division for students of different educational levels based on them. Although the audience of this research is social science students; But it is also relevant for other fields of humanities. Acknowledging that some of the researches of Iranian students are considered to be of its top type; at the same time, we are of the opinion that most of them are not within the framework of a scientific work - in the sense that is intended by this article. We consider the reason for this deviation from scientific criteria to be their inability to reach the “expected problem”.Theoretical framework: the current research is data-based and therefore lacks a specific theoretical framework; however, its main idea, on which our proposed division of labor is based, originates from Randall Collins' views on “scientific society”.

The proposed work division of this article is the result of a “systematic review” of 51 scientific research articles written by masters and doctoral students. In the framework of the aforementioned proposed division of labor, the “Hijab issue” section; And during the systematic review of the previous researches that have been done regarding hijab; Formulated.

By planning seven types of process to reach the problem; we have shown which triple education level is suitable for each student.

Considering the importance of knowledge sharing as the most important factor in the science production process, this study investigated the relationship between these two variables from viewpoints of faculty members of Knowledge and Information Science at public universities in Tehran.  This study was an applied and descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population consisted of 48 faculty members of Knowledge and Information Science of Tehranchr('39')s public universities in 2019. Data gathering tools were two researcher-made questionnaires included: “knowledge sharing” with 23 questions in 5 dimensions and “science production” with 15 questions. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha method was used to measure the internal consistency reliability of the items that was 0.873 for “Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire”, and 0.854 for “Science Production Questionnaire". SPSS software version 23 was used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship among “knowledge sharing” and “science production” (p<0.001). Also, there was a strong and significant relationship between "production of science" and dimensions of “research” acceleration, “facilitating the use of knowledge” research barriers reduction”, “clarification of knowledge gained” and “research development” (p<0.001). Linear regression analysis also showed the effect of knowledge sharing on the science production. The results of this study showed that the success of the science production process is in applying knowledge sharing, and the development of scientific productions requires the use of tools, methods, suitable planning and scientific interactions.

Theorizing, as the highest level of knowledge, depends on a group of underlying factors in the theorist itself, his time and space requirements and surroundings. The main question of the paper is that what is the role of ethics (Including virtues and vices) and the firm characteristics of the theorist in the process of the production of science and theorization? With the help of descriptive-analytical method, that is, referring to religious texts and rational analyzes, we have shown that the ethics of the theorist plays the role at least on the three main stages from the various stages of the production of the science include: (1) problemology or problem-finding, (2) the science’s teleology or targeting, and (3) the process of the discovering and understanding the reality. It has also been shown that this role-playing is merely grounded, not more, and it has also become clear that this role-playing never implies the acceptance of the normative or meta-normal relativism about knowledge.

The aim of this research was to examine the barriers to science production from the viewpoint of Shahid Beheshti University staff in the academic year 1389-90. The research method was descriptive (survey) and statistical population) 546 professors (included all faculty members at Shahid Beheshti University. A sample of 226 professors was selected through stratified random sampling to participate in the study. Data in this study was collected using a researcher designed questionnaire with 29 items in four components) obstacles(with a reliability of 0. 92/6 based on a five rated Likert scale. One-sample T-test and Friedman test results showed that obstacles including cultural-social، communication، educational and personal ones have great impact on the production of science from the faculty viewpoint. Among factors involve، rhetoric without action for attraction and keeping the elite، a lack of coherent and structured relationship between universities and research centers، mere transmission of knowledge rather than promoting creativity، innovation and entrepreneurship، predominance of quantity-oriented and lack of sufficient attention to the quality of research activities were located at the top barriers mentioned respectively.

The present research intended to investigate the amount of scientific products of Iranian researchers with non-Iranian organizational affiliations to the best universities in developed and industrial countries throughout the world in Scopus database. The present study was a descriptive survey with a Scientometric approach. The study population consisted of Iranian faculty members of 103 best universities in G8 countries and Australia which were chosen according to ranking system of world universities. The data related to scientific products were extracted from Scopus database. Findings showed that 553 Iranian faculty members in different majors are active in the universities of developed and industrial countries and have published 14211 scientific articles in creditable journals. In this regard, a major portion of scientific production by Iranian faculty members had been published in the United States of America followed by Canada and Britain. In addition, founding showed that the subject of a significant portion of articles and scientific papers had been in the fields of engineering (3874), medicine (1623) and Biochemistry, Genetics and Biology (852). Brain drain from developing countries, particularly our country, to the developed and advanced countries has been started for many years and it is feared that it accelerated more and reach worrisome level. It seems necessary to consider this matter and make policies in this regard, and try to prevent the emigration of professionals and scientists and persuade Iranian faculty members in developed countries to return to our country.

The present study, based on an ethnological approach in sociology, studies the mentalities of researchers in regards to the scientific community in Iran. The theoretical section of the paper presents the sociological views concerning social system and social action and institutionalist and ethnological standpoints about the scientific communities. This study used a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with 69 leading researchers, mainly in basic sciences, who had published large amounts of papers in refereed journals indexed in ISI. In the findings section of the paper, researchers’ mentalities are classified. These mentalities include categories of existence or not-existence of scientific communities in Iran, their characteristics and their definitions by researchers. In the concluding section, different viewpoints are compared with each other and the study results are reviewed against Merton’s ideas as a leading figure of institutionalist theorist of sociology.

With the increasing importance of science and knowledge in national development and excellence, it is vital to compile and enforce science production strategies to the utilization of potentials and advantages of knowledge and technology. Obviously, it is not possible to achieve and promote science production strategies (with taking into consideration the internal and external variable factors and their effectiveness in actual situations) without continual evaluation and disciplinary and carefully evaluated intervention. Implementation and evaluation are significant elements of planning process. Better implementation and more careful evaluation will result with more learning. In this article, main research and science production strategies for technical-engineering discipline (field) is evaluated based on a field study with two approaches of strategy-making process (indirect) and test and evaluation of criteria (direct). Based on the research results, status of science production strategies in technical-engineering discipline is estimated to be average and not encouraging. This dictates more efforts and commitment for upgrading the research and science production strategies status in aspects of design, management, implementation, monitoring and promotion.

The main emphasis of the science and technology policy is on three axes s of science creation, science dissemination and science application. There is no doubt that the road of advancement of technology is passing through field of science development. New achievement and expansion of science, specially in the field of engineering, is driven by the system developed from different technologies. There fore science and technology progresses are two elements with mutual interaction and should be evaluated in parallel. Science and technology progresses may be evaluated by various organizations in any country. However, one common approach is comparing such policies with the programs of other countries and making use of the good experiences of those who have succeeded in promotion of science and technology for the advancement and welfare of their people. In the present article, attempt is made to identify various evaluation criteria for the advancement of science and technology and to compare the trend of science production in Iran with that of some other countries of the region from 1981 up 2004. Details of the study are focused on the comparison with South Korea which has the same initial condition with our country on 1981. Findings show that we are far behind from South Korea and we need a more intensive effort to approach such state of advancement in science and technologies.