spiritual intelligence

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching spiritual intelligence based on Quranic concepts on attachment to God and the afterlife of teenagers in Shiraz. The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the male students of the first secondary school in district 6 of Shiraz in the academic year of 2023-2024. Among the statistical population, 30 male students were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The spiritual intelligence training intervention based on Quranic concepts was taught to the experimental group for 8 sessions of 60 minutes. In order to collect research data, Beck and MacDonald (2004) attachment to God questionnaire and Ebrahimi and Bahrami (2010) eschatological questionnaire were used. Research data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of the analysis of the research findings showed that teaching spiritual intelligence based on Quranic concepts was effective on teenagers' attachment to God and the afterlife (p<0.01). In other words, the scores of the subjects in the post-test in attachment to God and outlook on the Hereafter have improved significantly. According to the results obtained from this research, it can be suggested that in the education system of the country, a plan should be considered to introduce as many managers, teachers and students as possible to the content of spiritual intelligence based on Quranic concepts.

The aim of the present research was to predict the philosophical mindset of principals based on the spiritual intelligence and organizational silence of secondary school teachers in Qom city. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all principals and teachers teaching in secondary schools in Qom city in the academic year 1403-1402, totaling 304 principals and 2,985 teachers. The sample size, based on correlation, was estimated at 52 principals and 104 teachers, selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection tools were three questionnaires: the Philosophical Mindset Model by Philip Smith (1401), Spiritual Intelligence (King, 2008), and Organizational Silence (Vakola & Bouradas, 2005), with reliabilities of 0.73, 0.88, and 0.87, respectively. Inferential data were analyzed using simultaneous multiple regression statistical methods. The results indicate that the presented model can effectively predict the philosophical mindset of principals based on teachers' spiritual intelligence. According to the output of this regression model, the results show that variables such as personal meaning production, existential thinking, transcendental awareness, and expansion of consciousness have a relatively appropriate impact on principals' philosophical mindset. Additionally, teachers' organizational silence has a significant effect on principals' philosophical mindset. In conclusion, the philosophical mindset organizes awareness and abilities and comprehends the systematic structure of the organization and the entire organization towards overall goals.

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the psychological well-being of chemical veterans' wives based on psychological toughness and emotional self-regulation strategies with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence.

The present research was conducted in terms of practical purpose and descriptive method of correlation type. The statistical population of this research was all the wives of chemical veterans of Greater Tehran in the number of 2800 people, based on the Green (1991) sampling method, 130 people were selected according to the number of wives of chemical veterans of Greater Tehran in each region. The research tools were RIF Psychological Well-Being Scale, Spiritual Intelligence Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SISIR), Ahvaz Psychological Toughness Scale (AHT) and March Emotional Self-Regulation Strategies Scale. The data was analyzed using path analysis and using Lisrel software.

The results showed that the variable of spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant effect in predicting psychological well-being. In addition, the hardiness variable had a significant role in predicting psychological well-being both directly and indirectly through the mediation of spiritual intelligence. The direct effect of the variable of emotional self-regulation strategies in predicting psychological well-being was also significant; But its indirect effect was not significant.

The studied variables have the ability to predict and explain the psychological well-being, and according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested to apply the necessary measures to improve the psychological well-being of veterans' wives based on the described variables.

Job performance is considered one of the most important components of an organization's success, which is why managers pay special attention to this issue.

 This research aimed to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence and job self-efficacy on job performance with the mediating role of job enthusiasm. The current research is applied research in terms of its purpose, and descriptive correlational in terms of data collection the method. The statistical population consists of all principals of public boys' schools of primary level in Kermanshah city, numbering 90 people in the academic year of 1400-1401, of which 73 people were selected by simple random sampling according to Morgan's table. The data measurement tools were standard questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics indicators: confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS) approach using smart PLS software were used to analyze the data.

According to the results, all the hypotheses proposed in the research were confirmed.

In general, it can be concluded that the causal model of job performance based on spiritual intelligence and job self-efficacy with the mediating role of job enthusiasm fits with the empirical model.

This research has been done based on empowerment theory with the aim of predicting the performance of school principals in empowering teachers and school staff based on spiritual intelligence and spirituality at workplace with the mediation of organizational intelligence. The correlation research method was based on the structural equation model. The statistical population of the research included was all the principals of the senior girls’ public high schools in Tabriz educational districts, with a total of 270 people. The sample size was 159 people based on the table of Krejcie and Morgan with stratified random sampling. Organizational intelligence questionnaire, Spiritual intelligence questionnaire, Spirituality at workplace, as well as the researcher-made questionnaire of school principals' performance in empowerment were used to collect data. Evaluation of the validity and reliability of the questionnaires with the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis test has shown valid values. The results of the structural equation model showed the ability to predict principals' performance in empowerment based on spirituality at workplace and spiritual intelligence with the mediation of organizational intelligence with a coefficient of determination of 0.73 and the ability to predict organizational intelligence based on spiritual intelligence and spirituality at workplace with a coefficient of determination 0.92 was high and significant. Spiritual intelligence, spirituality at workplace and organizational intelligence has a significant direct effect and total effect on the performance of principals in empowering. Spiritual intelligence, spirituality at workplace with the mediation of organizational intelligence has a significant indirect effect on the performance of principals in empowering. Spiritual intelligence, spirituality at workplace has a direct effect and a significant total effect on the organizational intelligence of principals.

The social performance of students and their proper education are always one of the important concerns of education and they face many difficulties on the way to achieve it. Various factors can affect students' social performance. The aim of the present study was the mediating role of spiritual intelligence in the relationship between emotional maturity and social performance of female students of second secondary school in Zainabieh, Isfahan.

The descriptive research was correlation type. The statistical population of the research included 2257 female students of the second secondary level of Zainabieh, Isfahan. The sample size was estimated to be 330 people based on the table of kerjci and Morgan.The sampling method was cluster. Singh and Bhargava's (1991) Emotional Maturity Questionnaire, King's (2008) Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, and Price et al.'s (2002) Social Performance Questionnaire were used to collect information.In order to analyze the data and test the defined hypotheses, the structural equation modeling method was used and the hypotheses were analyzed with SPSS and Smart PLS software.

The results obtained from this research showed that emotional maturity is related to social performance and the mediating role of spiritual intelligence in female students of second secondary school in Zainbiah, Isfahan. Emotional maturity is related to social performance in female students of the second secondary school of Zainbiah Isfahan, and spiritual intelligence is related to social performance in female students of the second secondary school of Zainbiah Isfahan (p<0.05).

This study investigates the structural model that elucidates the relationship between religiosity and mental health, via the mediating role of spiritual intelligence, among the students of Urmia University.

The research method was correlation of the type of structural equation model. From a pool of students at Urmia University in 2023 (N=13,567), 200 students were selected using the available sampling method, and they completed Goldberg's Mental Health Questionnaire (1979), Safdel's Religiosity Questionnaire (2013), and Farhosh et al.'s Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (2018). The path analysis modelling method was employed based on the LISREL software (Version 8.8) and SPSS 27 to analyse the results.

The research results showed that the direct path of between religiosity and mental health (β=0.73, T=8.07) was positive and significant (P<0.001). Additionally, the direct path between spiritual intelligence and mental health (β=0.75, T=8.32) was positive and significant (P<0.001). Furthermore, the indirect path between religiosity and mental health through spiritual intelligence (0.51) was positive and significant (P<0.005).

The results suggest that the proposed model based on research data exhibits a good fit, and the spiritual intelligence mediates the relationship between religiosity and mental health.

Due to the psychological distress and negative emotions during this period, such as the feeling of failure in the turbulences, stresses and pressures of life, the elderly face more challenges. Their lives will be Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing a distress tolerance model in the elderly based on perceived support, experiential avoidance and spiritual intelligence with the mediating role of mindfulness. The research method was descriptive and correlation type, which was done in the form of path analysis. The statistical population of the present study was the elderly of Tehran between the ages of 65 and 80, of which 300 were selected using available sampling. The data collection tools in this research are Perceived Social Support Scale (1988), King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (2008), Simmons and Gaher's Distress Tolerance Scale (2005), Brown and Ryan's Mindfulness Scale (2003) and the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire by Gomes and colleagues (2011). The resulting data were analyzed at the descriptive level using mean and standard deviation and at the inferential level using correlation test and regression analysis and path analysis to investigate the role of mediator, using SPSS and AMOS software. The results indicated that the model for developing distress tolerance in the elderly has an acceptable fit. This shows that the variables of perceived support, experiential avoidance and spiritual intelligence are directly related to distress tolerance. The relationship between mindfulness and distress tolerance is directly significant, and also the indirect effect of perceived support, experiential avoidance, and spiritual intelligence with distress tolerance with the mediation of mindfulness is significant (P<0.05). The results indicate that perceived support, experiential avoidance and spiritual intelligence with the mediating role of mindfulness are very important and effective in coping with the distress of the elderly.

Successful intelligence is a major intelligence concept which can increase the creativity and problem solving skills of learners.This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulationin the relationship between spiritual intelligence and successful intelligence.The statistical population of this descriptive correlational study consisted of ninth grade boysat the secondary schools in the city of Birjand during the academic year 2020-2021.The sample consisted of 310 participants selected withthe random cluster sampling method. A questionnaire was used as the research tool.Data analysis was performedin SPSS-23 and LISREL 8.8 software programs using path analysis.The results showed that spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant effect on the adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and successful intelligence, and a negative and significant effect on the non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.Also, the adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies have a positive and significant effect and the non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies had a negative and significant effect on successful intelligence.In addition, the results indicated that cognitive emotion regulation mediates the relationship between the spiritual intelligence and successful intelligence of students.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between knowledge management, spiritual intelligence and social anomie (work procrastination) with organizational innovation of Imam Khomeini University of Marine Sciences (RA) Nowshahr. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all employees of Imam Khomeini University of Marine Sciences (RA) Nowshahr, numbering 246 people. The sample size was estimated to be 150 people based on the simple random sampling method and Cochran's formula. Data collection tools included Chen et al.'s knowledge management questionnaire (2011), Abdullahzadeh's spiritual intelligence (2013), Takman's procrastination (2001) and Shepherd's organizational innovation (2013). The face validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by management experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained through Cronbach's alpha for organizational innovation 0.86, knowledge management 0.76, spiritual intelligence 0.77, procrastination 0.75. Two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between knowledge management and spiritual intelligence with organizational innovation and a negative relationship between social anomie (procrastination) and organizational innovation. Also, the results showed that knowledge management, spiritual intelligence and social anomie have the ability to predict employees' organizational innovation.

To understand the process by which Spiritual Intelligence (SI) is developed a group of 21 Tabrizi high school students, along with their teachers and people who interacted with them, were interviewed in a semi-structured way, to the point of data saturation. The collected data were content analyzed and their validity was increased through triangulation and participants’ feedback. Results show that the process of developing SI is rather complex as it is affected by both internal and external factors and consequently can only be described as a set of intertwined stages that their exact order is not fixed, yet with inferences made from the participants’ life experiences and their interpretation of findings, it can be said that the process starts with the realization of the SI’s importance and goes through stages of model selection and gaining of spiritual experiences that lead to consequences among which internal peace and quiet which is conceptualized as the central phenomenon in this research.

In this research, the effectiveness of dimensions of spiritual intelligence and transformational leadership style have been investigated and analyzed. According to its purpose, this research is applied and it is in the category of descriptive research, correlation research type. Its statistical population is made up of Basiji University managers and professors with a number of 106 people. To determine the level of spiritual intelligence, Badie et al.'s spiritual intelligence questionnaire (2008) was used, and to determine the transformational leadership style score, Bess and Avlio's multi-factor leadership questionnaire (1990) was used. The results of the research showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between spiritual intelligence and transformational leadership style, and among the dimensions of spiritual intelligence, dimensions of general and religious thinking, moral integrity, self-awareness, and love are above the average level, in other words, in The level is favorable. But then the ability to deal with problems at an average level is lower. Also, the level of transformational leadership and its dimensions are higher than the average level. In other words, the level of transformational leadership and its dimensions managers and professors is at a desirable level.

It appears that we can relate spiritual intelligence as a skill in events interpretation and discovering the meaning of life and solving the problem to life religion. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between spiritual intelligence with religiosity types of youths using life worlds pluralism and Berger's market metaphor and Eimonz spiritual intelligence. The instruments of this study was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was corroborated through face validity and its reliability was confirmed through alpha Cronbach. The statistical population is Yazd youths aged 15 to 34 among whom 384 were selected through Cochran formula and cluster sampling. Data were fed into SPSS software and analyzed through conducting factor analysis and t-test, f-test, correlation coefficient and path analysis. The findings of the research indicated that the two types of public religiosity and bricolage has been recognized among youths and females have public religiosity whereas males have bricolage religiosity. Economic-social base has a negative correlation with public religiosity, but it has a positive and significant correlation with bricolage religiosity. Also, there is a positive and significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and religiosity type. The regression model shows that: independent variables (spiritual intelligence, marital status, economic-social base), explain 12 percent of public religiosity fluctuation and 11 percent of bricolage religiosity fluctuation.

The purpose of this study was to predict adolescents' personal responsibility based on perceived parenting styles and spiritual intelligence.  The descriptive research method used was correlational design. The statistical population included all secondary school students of the third district of Qom province (9934) who were studying in the academic year 2019-2020. The statistical sample consisted of 372 members of the aforementioned statistical population, which were selected using an available sampling method, using Karjesi and Morgan's table to determine it. The tools used included the standard questionnaire of personal responsibility for teenagers Mergler and Shield (2016), the perceived parenting scale of Grolink et al. (1997) and the spiritual intelligence questionnaire of King (2008). SPSS version 20 statistical software and simultaneous multiple regression tests and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that about 18.9% of the variance of teenagers' personal responsibility is predicted by perceived parenting styles and subscales of spiritual intelligence. Additionally, the results showed that mother and father involvement, support for autonomy, and warmth had a positive correlation with personal responsibility. Critical existential thinking, production of personal meaning, and transcendental consciousness were also positively correlated with personal responsibility, but expanded consciousness was not significantly related. Critical existential thinking, production of personal meaning, and transcendental consciousness were also positively correlated with personal responsibility, but expanded consciousness was not significantly related.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and compromise skills with academic enthusiasm in second year high school students of district one of Khorram Abad city. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research included all female students studying in the second secondary level of high schools in Khorram Abad city. Method and tools: According to the nature of the subject and research objectives, descriptive method of correlation type was used in this research and field method and questionnaire were used to collect information. The collected data were analyzed at two levels (descriptive statistics and inferential statistics). At the level of statistics, mean and standard deviation were used, and at the level of inferential statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used. The results show that there is a relationship between spiritual intelligence, compromise skills and academic enthusiasm. Also, there is a relationship between all dimensions of spiritual intelligence, including general thinking and belief dimension, ability to deal with and interact with problems, dealing with moral issues, self-awareness, love and interest, and academic enthusiasm. In addition, there is a significant relationship between the two dimensions of spiritual intelligence including general thinking and the dimension of belief and self-awareness and love and interest with compromise skills. In line with these results, it is suggested to counselors in schools to implement psychological interventions based on spiritual intelligence in order to improve compromise skills and academic enthusiasm; It is also suggested to plan for education in various ways such as printing internal brochures, preparing and organizing scientific conferences and emphasizing cultural and artistic advertisements in the school, focusing on spiritual intelligence with compromise skills and academic enthusiasm.

This study aimed at investigating the mediating role of the quality of Islamic life in the relationship between academic perfectionism and the spiritual intelligence of the senior high school students.

This correlational study was conducted using a structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all 1046 senior high school students in Kerman, Iran, in the academic year of 2021-2022. 342 students were selected as a sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. In order to collect data, Namqi’s questionnaire of quality of Islamic life (2014), Rasouli and Bahrami’s questionnaire of academic perfectionism (2015) and Abdollah-Zadeh and his colleagues’ questionnaire of spiritual intelligence (2017) were used. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with AMOS software version 23 and SPSS version 22.

There is a direct, positive, and significant relationship between the variables of the quality of Islamic life and academic perfectionism (t= 11.182,  = 0.35), a direct, positive, significant relationship between the variables of the spiritual intelligence and academic perfectionism (t= 8.224,  = 0.24), and a direct, positive and significant relationship between the variables of spiritual intelligence and the quality of Islamic life (t= 13.716,  = 0.59). In addition, there is an indirect, positive, significant relationship between the variables of spiritual intelligence and academic perfectionism with the mediating role of Islamic quality of life ( = 0.23).

Academic perfectionism is one of the causes of students’ failure, and what can improve it is paying attention to the quality of Islamic life and spiritual intelligence. Therefore, by increasing spiritual intelligence and improving the quality of Islamic life, one can reduce academic perfectionism in students.

Spiritual intelligence is of interest not only in individual fields but also in organizational fields, and in addition to psychological fields, it has entered other fields of human sciences, including management.The purpose of this research was to design the model of spiritual intelligence of school principals in Bushehr province.

The current research method was a qualitative case study and the research participants were experienced education managers of Bushehr province. Using targeted sampling, the approach of key people of managers who had more than 10 years of experience and had a master's degree or higher in educational sciences were identified, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with them. 23 people were selected and interviewed based on the rule of theoretical saturation. In order to check the validity of the research results, the criteria of believability, verifiability and reliability were used.

The model of spiritual intelligence from the point of view of school administrators included the dimensions of moral virtues, seeking meaning, meritocracy and spiritual interactions of the organization, which was presented to the model, and at the end of the said model, 14 university professors and managers who had a doctorate degree or were final year doctoral students Accreditation was placed and had the necessary validity. 

The spiritual intelligence of the managers in this research included the dimensions of moral virtues, seeking meaning, meritocracy and spiritual interactions of the organization.. Policymakers and planners in education can pay attention to these dimensions in employing school principals or optimize these characteristics in principals with the necessary arrangements.

This study seeks to analyze the content of the fourth-grade textbooks based on the components of the philosophy for children curriculum and spiritual intelligence. Descriptive research methods of library document analysis and content analysis were used. To this end, the text of library documents and all fourth-grade textbooks were analyzed to identify the components. Research tools included a checklist and a researcher-made content analysis list. The research tools were validated and confirmed by experts in research, philosophy for children and curriculum development. The reliability of the tools was evaluated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 93%. Shannon's entropy was used for content analysis, which revealed the personal outcomes of philosophical thinking with the highest coefficient of significance (0.597) and the nature of philosophy with the lowest coefficient of significance (0.052).

Spiritual intelligence is the highest level of intelligence, the emergence and expression of which is related to spirituality. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the anthropological foundations of spiritual intelligence and to deduce the principles and educational methods related to it from the perspective of Rumi. This research is among the qualitative researches in which two methods, descriptive-analytical and inferential (reconstructed Franken method) have been used. The results of the research showed that things like: the originality of intelligence and thought, the possibility of understanding meaning, the acceptance of divine sovereignty, understanding the need of man to return to his origin, and the two-dimensional nature of man can be put forward as the anthropological foundations of spiritual intelligence from Rumi's point of view. Based on these principles, principles such as education of intellect and guidance of thought, possession of research science, acceptance of Sharia and following the path of tariqat, self-knowledge and inner purity have been presented.Based on these principles, it can be stated that using methods such as interviewing people with common sense, guiding and reforming thoughts, abandoning selfishness and selfishness before God, silence, strengthening the spirit of truth-seeking, teaching religious wisdom, treating mental and moral illnesses, reflecting on oneself , meditation and They are effective for cultivating spiritual intelligence.

Issues such as the meaninglessness of life, the feeling of a moral void, the captivity of mankind in technology, and the contact of the West with the religions of the East have caused the awareness and approach of contemporary man to religion and spirituality. In the recent era, spirituality has gained special importance in organizations and can bring a powerful and profound force to people's lives. This ability will be achieved when the work is connected with the spiritual life of the employees. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of spiritual intelligence on employee productivity.

in terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its implementation it is considered a descriptive-correlation. Its statistical population includes all managers, researchers and employees of Imam Sadiq Research Institute in Qom province. To collect information, King's (2008) standard spiritual intelligence questionnaire and researcher-made productivity questionnaire were used. In the current research, the research hypotheses were tested using statistical tests and structural equation modeling techniques and Lisrel and SPSS software.

The results of the research showed that the output coefficient of Lisrel is 0.48, which indicates the appropriate fit of the model. The result of T-value is 5.04, which confirms the influence coefficient, and the important point is that when T-value is more than 1.96, the relationship is positive and significant. The results of this research show the positive and significant effect of spiritual intelligence on employee productivity. Based on this, it can be said that productivity can be increased by strengthening the spiritual intelligence of employees.