structural capital

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the status of intellectual capital at the Qom branch of Islamic Azad University from the perspective of faculty members. This research is applied in terms of its objectives and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population included 176 faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, of whom 110 were selected as the sample through stratified random sampling based on Cochran's formula. Data were collected using Bontis' 42-item intellectual capital questionnaire, with a reliability score of 0.93 based on Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, both descriptive methods and inferential tests, including one-sample t-tests and ANOVA, were employed using SPSS software. The results indicated that, overall, the status of intellectual, human, and structural capital in the Qom branch of Islamic Azad University is favorable, but relational capital is below average. Among the faculties, the Faculty of Humanities had the highest intellectual and structural capital, the Faculty of Medical Sciences had the highest human capital but the lowest structural capital, the Faculty of Basic Sciences had the highest relational capital, and the Faculty of Engineering had the lowest intellectual, human, and relational capital. The status of intellectual capital in the faculties of Medical Sciences and Basic Sciences did not differ significantly. Despite the relatively favorable status of intellectual capital at the Qom branch of Islamic Azad University, achieving the higher objectives of intellectual capital requires more managerial planning and attention.

In a knowledge-based economy, there are successful organizations that use this intangible asset better and faster. Research shows that knowledge is the most valuable and strategic resource in today's business environment. In this regard, knowledge management and intellectual capital has become one of the main characteristics in universities, whose main task and purpose is to produce and disseminate knowledge. Managers know that they have to manage the learning process and measure the results. However, organizations do not have the appropriate knowledge model and measurement tools to evaluate their learning outcomes. Therefore, in this research, an attempt is made to design a suitable model for measuring structural capital (as one of the main components of intellectual capital). The present study is applied in terms of purpose and combined in terms of data collection method. First, a conceptual model of research was extracted from literature studies and interviews with technical experts. A sample of 9 people was selected by qualitative method using snowball method. Also, 70 questionnaires were distributed among the available professors and experts in a simple random method to evaluate the extracted indices and the existing model. Finally, using various tests (reliability, convergent validity, diagnostic validity, regression analysis, factor load analysis), the validity of the indicators was examined and in order to confirm the model, the structural equation model and PLS software were used.

Social capital affects violence against women in both structural and cognitive dimensions. Promoting social capital as one of the resources available to the family can reduce the likelihood of domestic violence against women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sociological relationship between social capital and husbands’ violence against wives in Ilam, Iran. To this end, the survey research method was utilized. The statistical population included all the married women aged 15-50 years living in Ilam, Iran. A sample of 382 women was selected from among them using the multistage cluster sampling method, but due to the invalidity of 7 questionnaires, finally 375 were chosen for analysis. The Standardized Strauss Questionnaire was used to measure violence against women, and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the integration of Nan Lin and Coleman's theories in five dimensions of structural intra-group, inter-group and beyond-group capital and cognitive intra-group and inter-group capital was used to measure social capital. To assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha test and Croit-Bartlett’s coefficient in factor analysis were used, respectively. The results of correlation coefficient indicated that there is a significant inverse significant relationship between husbands’ violence against wives and the variables structural intra-group, inter-group and beyond-group capital, cognitive intra-group and inter-group capital and women’s power in family structure. The results of regression analysis showed that the variable cognitive intra-group social capital with beta -.290 and the variable women’s power in family structure with beta -.107 have the most and the least effect on violence against women, respectively. These six variables accounted for 87.4% of the variance of the dependent variable.

The aim of this study is to develop a model for promoting the role of school in creating social capital of elementary school students in Tehran-District 1. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data type, it was mixed method. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research consisted of experts in education and people with executive posts in the field of human resources management. The sample was selected using purposeful sampling method and saturation principle of ten people. The second group of the statistical population of this study included 2695 teachers of non-profit and governmental schools in the elementary school district 1 of Tehran, in the academic year 2017-2018. Among them, 400 samples were selected using the Morgan table and by random stratified sampling method. In this research, the library method, semi-structured interview (qualitative part) and researcher-made questionnaire (quantitative part) were used to collect data. The interview with the experts indicated that the interview was valid, and two coders used to calculate the reliability. The results indicated that the interview was valid and reliable. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the face, content and construct validity were used. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used. Results indicated that the researcher made a valid and reliable questionnaire. Content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data of the research. In the quantitative part, according to the research questions, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution tables and graphs) and inferential (structural equation modeling, exploratory factor analysis and single sample T-test) were used. The results showed that the school's factors to creating social capital of students were teacher(0.51), education(0.53), curriculum(0.58), school principal, educational staff(0.40) and school environment(0.51).

Since one of the challenges of free university officials to prepare a suitable environment for the growth and development of the staff and faculty of the mind as a knowledge-based organization. The research in Islamic Azad University of Kerman, which is considered one of the most important parts of education in the country, Presentation of a model for identifyingg the relationship between intellectual capital and psychological empowerment of employees of Islamic Azad University of Kerman. The statistical population of this research includes all employees of Islamic Azad University of Kerman and then random sampling by using Cochran formula, 271 people were selected. Data collection was done through a questionnaire and the analysis of data was done by means of Spss and Amos software. That the purpose is applied and the method of collecting data, descriptive and, in particular, is based on structural equation modeling. The study population included all employees of Islamic Azad University of Kerman. Sampling is done in two stages.

Planning to manage intellectual capital for creating added value is a new approach which appealed to the managers of the state and private sectors. However only few organizations attempted to measure and manage intellectual capital. In this paper the goals of HR development according to intellectual capital measurement in auto-manufactures has been determined and some approaches have been presented. An exploring-descriptive method has been applied to investigate intellectual capital components (human, structure, customer). The population was 2200 and 219 of which has been selected as sample. Stratified sampling from different organization ranks has been opted. To gather data, Benits' questionnaire was used. Data has been analyzed with SPSS software using inferential and descriptive statistical method such as t-test single sample and ANOVA test. Results indicated that there is a considerable gap between current and intended situations. Thus it could be argued that human and structure capitals in current situations are higher than standard one but inferior in customer or relationship capital.

This study aims to determine the constructive factors of intellectual capital at universities. To collect required data, valid, reliable, researcher-made and 57- item questionnaires were administered among 592 participants (according to factor analysis assumptions), who were selected from students as part of customers and stakeholders. Through Cronbach Alpha formula (r=0.96) and main components analysis with Varimax rotation, reliability and validity indices were confirmed, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis model were used to answer what factors saturate the intellectual capital? The primary outcome showed that the correlation matrix determinant (in less than 0.00001) is not zero, the amount of KMO is 0.968, and Bartlett's sphericity test result is statistically significant (in less than 0.00001). Finally, structural capital, human capital, communicational capital, innovation and efficiency as five factors which totally cover 49.5 percent of the intellectual capital variance, extracted from intellectual capital.

The social capital of employees is seen as a crucial element in their performance and creativity as well. Although many investigations have been done in this regard, the case of Kaveh Industrial Estate Employees are however studied here. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of social capital of employees on their creativity in the foundry industry of Iran, the case of Kaveh Industrial Estate. All the employees of Kaveh Industrial Estate (110 people) contained the study population and the researchers used the table of sample size determination developed by Morgan and also random sampling to choose 87 people as our sample size. The present study in its nature is an applied research which is of the exploratory survey type regarding its data collection approach, and is considered as a quantitative research regarding the type of the collected data. Then Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) procedure for analyzing our conceptual model with SMART PLS 2.0 in two sections of SEM: measurement model and structural model. In the first section, technical features of questionnaire were investigated with index reliability, convergent validity and discriminate validity. About second section, structural coefficients were used to examine the hypothesizes. The results indicated the positive and significant impact of social capital on employee creativity in Foundry Industry of Iran. The results are discussed in terms of their importance and implications.

Universities are knowledge producers and their most important output is knowledge, incorporated in research results, educated students. The term “intellectual capital” is used to cover all of the non-tangible, or non-physical, assets and resources of an organization, including its processes, innovation capacity, patents and the tacit knowledge of its members and their network of collaborators and contacts. Up to now, only a few universities in world (i.e. Italy, Austrian, Spanish, United Kingdom universities) have taken the challenge of trying to measure, manage and report on intangible assets. The purpose of this study is to do a comparative survey on the intellectual capital management in Urmia and Tabriz Islamic Azad universities. For this purpose, four hypotheses were adjusted through the dimensions of intellectual capital management, human capital, structural capital and relationship capital according to Bueno's and et al (2002) theory. By using the indicators of abovementioned model and the documental way, the collected data were analyzed applying SPSS software by the help of two populations Mean Test (independent t). The results showed that there are a meaningful difference between the intellectual capital management and its dimensions in Urmia and Tabriz Islamic Azad universities. As it can be understood from this finding, the intellectual capital in the mentioned universities have not been prepared and the degree of intellectual capital disclosure is less or in scattered way, and for this reason, this research could perform new experience in the domain of the intellectual capital disclosure in the field of research in Islamic Azad university.

The study aims to develop a native pattern for intellectual capital indicators aimed to measure these indicators in the Ahwaz University of Shahid Chamran. Therefore, the current study was done in a process including four phases which could lead to domestication of intellectual capital indicators. For this, initially and in order to identify a preliminary list of indicators, relevant references and documents were reviewed. Towards identifying appropriate indicators which can be suited to the Ahwaz University of Shahid Chamran, in the next step the views of the field experts were analyzed. Accordingly taking into consideration of the university’s goals, the process was followed by selecting relevant indicators and identifying the most important indicators based on the university’s senior managers. As a result, 77 indicators were selected as the final draft of intellectual capital indicators. At last the status of these indicators in the university was measured during 2004 to 2008. The findings showed that although about 71.88 percent of the all indicators were matched to the university’s goals, about 28.12 percent of them were not matched to the goals. Additionally finding revealed that in compare to the university’ human capital, the university’s structural capital had a better condition.