اشاعه اطلاعات

Information dissemination is one of the most crucial services libraries and information centers provide. The increasing explosion of information, the necessity of keeping specialists up-to-date in various scientific fields, and the need to efficiently use users' time and resources underscore its importance. This research, which aimed to identify the components and indicators of digital information dissemination in the National Library and Archives of Iran, had the potential to affect the field of digital information dissemination significantly.

This qualitative research employed a meta-study approach using the comprehensive synthesis method based on the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). The research population included Persian and English articles relevant to the topic, retrieved from domestic and international scientific databases. 37 entirely relevant articles were selected for analysis through the critical appraisal skills program method. Content analysis and open and axial coding were used to analyze selected resources. The inter-coder agreement was calculated to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings

Based on the comprehensive synthesis's findings, seven components and 34 indicators and sub-indicators in the field of digital information dissemination were identified. The main components include research files, information resources, collection development, standardization, information dissemination services, dissemination tools, and evaluation.

The identified components and indicators provide a practical roadmap for enhancing digital information dissemination. The most significant achievement of this research is the development of a new information culture that can be used to assess the status of services in this area. These insights enable libraries to improve the quality of their services, enhance information dissemination, and expand knowledge dissemination. This research can be valuable for researchers, librarians, managers, and policymakers in the field of digital information dissemination.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the world with significant challenges. The infodemic surrounding this disease encompasses four main subject areas where people are seeking reliable information, but also encountering a significant amount of misinformation and rumors. These areas include: the cause and origin of the virus and disease; the signs and patterns of transmission; available treatments, prevention, and treatment options; and the effectiveness and impact of interventions by health authorities or other institutions. This also causes harm to the people in society and jeopardizes the stability of the global health system, making it challenging to address the epidemic. Access to a vast amount of false information about the Covid-19 virus can contribute to the spread of misunderstandings about the disease in society and negatively impact various aspects of people's lives, particularly their mental health. The public health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has been exacerbated by the effects of misinformation. In light of the spread of the coronavirus, false information has proliferated worldwide, making it challenging to discern between true and false information. The spread of fake news and dissemination of false information, much like the transmission of the coronavirus, can have far-reaching consequences on various aspects of people's lives. It can cause significant harm by perpetuating misunderstandings about the disease within society, and, conversely, contribute to the escalation of the epidemic. Considering the significant increase in research on Covid-19, it would be helpful for researchers to identify the subject areas, structure, and scientific map of articles related to the disease. This will allow them to gain a better understanding of the international subject areas and related issues in this field. Therefore, it seems necessary to expand and strengthen scientific and research studies in the field of the COVID-19 virus in order to reduce the risks and fully contain this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct a thematic analysis and examine scientific collaborations in research related to misinformation and disinformation in the field of Covid-19, based on studies from the Web of Science. 

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study with a scientometric approach. It utilizes the method of content analysis, hierarchical clustering techniques, strategic diagrams, co-authorship analysis, and social network analysis. The research focuses on articles related to misinformation and disinformation in the field of Covid-19. HistCite, Bibexcel, UCINET, and SPSS software are used for data analysis. 

Among the studies in this field, 3688 studies related to misinformation and disinformation in the field of Covid-19 were found. The keywords "social media," "vaccination," and "general health" ranked first, second, and third, respectively, with frequencies of 332, 158, and 145. On the other hand, topics such as "Covid-19 and social media" with 334 instances of co-occurrence have been assigned as study topics in this field. Additionally, the majority of works were published in 2021. Kumar S. has published the highest number of works among the authors, with 11 works. Godman B. and Haque M. are in second and third place, respectively, with 8 works each. America is in first place with 1068 works, while England and China are in second and third place with 476 and 323 works, respectively. Most of the studies have been published in English. "The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health" has the highest number of published studies among other publications, with 96 articles. "The Journal of Medical Internet Research" and "PLOS ONE" are ranked second and third, with 74 and 44 articles, respectively. Among the institutions, the "University of Oxford" is at the top with 49 works and holds the first place, while the "University of Toronto" and the "London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine" are in second and third place with 40 and 34 works, respectively. The results obtained from the hierarchical diagram form two clusters: the first cluster includes factors affecting the creation of misinformation and disinformation in the field of Covid-19, and the second cluster focuses on the effects of misinformation and disinformation in the same field. Clusters are present in the first and third regions. 

Understanding the findings of scientometric studies in strategic areas like the Covid-19 pandemic can greatly assist researchers and policymakers in the healthcare and treatment field in making informed decisions and developing effective solutions. It can also help in creating a knowledge map and conducting valuable studies. Analysis and comparison of studies related to misinformation and disinformation in the field of Covid-19 lead to a better understanding of current trends, gaps, and dominant discourse, with the aim of improving both the quantity and quality of information. The results of this study can also assist managers and policy makers in making more informed decisions.

The purpose of this study is to compare the views of librarians of the university and public libraries in Tehran about information dissemination services and valid news during the epidemic in terms of services and tools used and influential factors and variables.

In terms of purpose, this research has been applied with a descriptive-analytical approach using documentary and survey methods. The research community is librarians working in university and public libraries in Tehran. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics and statistical software "SPSS" version 26.

The average information services provided in academic and public libraries are between 3 and 4, and the average of virtual services provided in the context of social networks in academic libraries is higher than 4. In terms of tools used, social media tools in public libraries and database tools, social networks, and media in university libraries have an average higher than 4. Influential variables can be tracked in three parts of the organization and infrastructure, human capital, and active use. From the librarians' point of view, the average of the influential variables in the organization and infrastructure, human capital, and active using sectors is very high and higher than 4. In the area of organizational and infrastructure factors, for librarians of public libraries, the variable "working hours and number of manpower in the library" is a more effective factor in providing these services. In the active using section, the variables of literacy level and age group of users in academic and public libraries were less important than other variables.

There is a significant difference between the attitudes of librarians of the university and public libraries in Tehran towards the indicators related to the human capital variable among the variables affecting valid information dissemination services.

 The purpose of this research was studying the future of the dissemination of scientific productions of Knowledge and Information Science in social networks.

This research was carried out using an applied method employing a mixed method approach containing scientometric methods, content analysis, Delphi technique, scenario writing and survey methods to conduct futures studies on the dissemination of scientific production of information science and library researchers in social networks. To conduct futures studies, we need to understand the current needs and interests of researchers in each field of science,that all articles of Knowledge and Information Science indexed in the Web of Science from 2005 to mid-2016 has been investigated in terms of altmetric indicators and subject areas were identified by quantitative content analysis method in terms of dissemination. Then, in the future studies section, Delphi technique, survey methods, and scenario writing approach were used to predict the status of dissemination of scientific productions in future years in social networks.

 According to the study, social networks such as ResearchGate, Mendeley, and Academia will be more appreciated by researchers in the field of Knowledge and Information Science. It was also found that the subject areas such as library and information science, computational studies, information retrieval, are among the top priorities for research in the social networks in the next ten years. The compound annual growth rate of the dissemination of scientific production of information science and library researchers in social networks was found to be 14.5% and the growth of the dissemination of scientific productions of Knowledge and Information Science researchers is expected to follow the continuation scenario. According to the views of Iranian researchers who are active in social networks, the qualitative development of scientific production, the attractiveness of research topics and self-archiving are expected to influence the dissemination rate in the coming years more than other factors.

 The results showed that social networks continuously play the role of disseminators of scientific information and are not limited in disseminating information in the same way as some traditional platforms are. In effect, it is possible to use the dissemination rate as a complementary measure to other altmetric indicators in assessing researchers’ productions in social networks. Dissemination score can be used as one of the complementary measures of Altmetrics indicators in projection trends, future predictions and evaluation of researchers in social networks, the dissemination of information on social networks are more than other factors would be related to the quality of scientific output. Researchers in the field of Knowledge and Information Science can use the results of this research to improve future planning. 

The aim of this research is to determine the role of public and academic libraries in disseminating of health information and comparing of the two types of libraries with each other.

The research method is applied with descriptive-survey. The sample size was determined by using the Morgan table, 379 people. The questionnaires were distributed using Quotas sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and it was analyzied with the descriptive and inferential tests. Findings showed that according to the mean score of the components of the test, receiving health information in libraries has had acceptable and good results for users. Also, in terms of comparison between general and academic library and components of health information among the 5 components (role of library, results of receiving, usefulness, use of resources and access barriers), in terms of barriers to access to information There is a significant difference in the health of the library between public and academic libraries. However, there are no other significant differences between the four other components. Also, there was no significant relationship between sex, age, education, occupation and income level using health information in the library. The library has a significant role in the dissemination of health information, but for some reason, such as not knowing users about the health information resources in the library and some barriers to accessing these resources, many users do not use library health information resources. Finally, suggestions are made according to the results of the research to improve the role of the library and more users

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the dissemination of scientific papers of knowledge and information science researchers in social networks using scientometrics methods. Methodology / inquiry approach: This research aimed is practical with descriptive approach using methods of scientometrics include althemetrics and content analysis was performed, all articles of knowledge and information science indexed in the web of science was studied has been investigated about altmetric indicators content analysis in social networks. The The annual growth rate of dissemination of articles from 2005 to mid 2016 is (32%) and the most of dissemination rate is related to Reasearchgate social network (78%) and the most frequency disseminated subject areas in the social networks respestively, are library and information science, informatin retrieval, bibliometrics. according to the study, online social networks like libraries and information science centers play as information disseminators for researchers but this difficult social networks doesn’t have difficulties of traditional dissemination, also can be dissemination score as alternative metric for the other altmetric indicators to evaluate social networks and knowledge Keywords: Altmetrics, Socialnetworks, Scientometrics, Knowledge and information science, Information Dessimination, content analysis.

This study aims to identify the status of the input, processing and output of information flow in the research centers affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education and recognize the influencing factors and technical obstacles which make significant decrease in information flow.
The research is an applied research and survey method was used. The population consisted of research assistants, managers of affiliated research centers, heads of academic library administrators and faculty members in 62 research centers affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. After confirming its validity and reliability, 306 questionnaires were distributed between researchers. Finally, 222 (72/55%) of the questionnaires were returned.
Findings: The overall status of information flow in the research centers, in the "collection and use" stage was appropriate and in the "production and storage", and the "dissemination" stages were inappropriate. In the "collection and use" stage, electronic forms were used more than printed formats and in the "production and storage" and the "dissemination" stages, printed forms were used more than electronic forms.
The results of the study may be helpful to the managers of research centers in planning to improve the national and international information flow, use of information, skilled manpower and funds to support research.

The purpose of present research is to analyze theories proposedfor social functions of communication media including public libraries. Also, itaims to explain and generalize a theory best coordinated with public libraries.In current analysis, public libraries have been explained regarding their positionand functions as communication media.

Using meta-analysis method, it is intended to exploretheories proposed in scope of communication media so as to reach a desiredtheory and employ it to media institutions such as public libraries.Furthermore, citation method was used in the analysis to provide essentialevidence.

According to the obtained findings and due to local/nativeconditions of public libraries in Iran as well as the existence of modern theoriesof international information flow, none of the theories including mass societytheory, functional theory of media, theory of technological determinism,Marxism and its subsets, and socio-cultural theory can be adapted to publiclibraries in Iran; only the convergence theory as a unifying-liberating pattern ininternational information flow can be proposed as a communication-mediainstitution for social function of public libraries. In addition, elements of thistheory have been explained in detail in context of public libraries.Originality/Value:ıAs theoretical dimensions of issues in field of librariesespecially public libraries have been neglected to a high extent in national andinternational level, the current paper with its new approach towards publiclibraries aims to find an appropriate pattern for social function of publiclibraries through analysis of theories of communication media.

The consensus among experts is that Iranian Copyright Laws are in dire need of review and revision given the new requirements and capabilities facing our young society. In order to arrive at well-written and operationally sound regulations governing generation and dissemination of digital information within the cyberspace – while protecting the rights of their author - one needs to have a better understanding of libraries’ mission (as repositories and distribution point for rich information), global trend of information exchange economization, and social conditions. Having a business plan and taking note of intellectual property, database managers and providers must draw up economic justification for their digital libraries. Thus a written strategic plan for development and management of intellectual property could be effective over a specific time period. The research infrastructure and foundations and existing capacity for absorbing scientific and technical knowledge, is weak in developing countries. This inevitably leads to these societies maintaining a less than desired low scientific output and development. New knowledge is generated in richer countries where research and development capital expenditure is higher. The present paper deals with the political and economic strategies involved in designing the information production, distribution and consumption cycle while protecting proprietary.