جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "وب" در نشریات گروه "کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات"

Nowadays, web search skills are very important for many searchers, and with the rapid increase in the amount of information on the web, it seems necessary to learn them. The purpose of this study is a comparative study of the knowledge and use of students in Ilam and Islamic Azad universities of Ilam branch of information search tools on the web.

The research method was survey and a questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical sample of the research is 375 students of Ilam University and Islamic Azad University of Ilam Branch who have been selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Spearman correlation test, t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used.

The results show that the average familiarity of students of the two universities with information search tools on the web is 3.60 and 3.22, respectively. The goal of the majority of the students of the two universities in searching for information on the World Wide Web was to carry out course projects. Among the information search tools on the web, search engines were the most used, and among search engines, students used Google and Yahoo the most, and among thematic guides, Yahoo was the most used. The average experience of using information search tools in Ilam University is 3.01 and in Islamic Azad University is 2.44.

The results showed that the level of knowledge of students of two universities about information search tools on the Web was low; As a result, the use of tools by these students has not been favorable.

This paper discusses legal requirements for online publication of oral history interviews. Issues relating to the publication of oral history interviews were identified from library resources. Then the websites of the Miller Archival Center, National Archives of Singapore, University of Harvard, NASA Oral History Center, and the National Archives of Iran were checked for their regulations regarding the publication records of oral history documents. F The considerations with regard to the carrying out and publication of interviews are important: The narrator must be made aware of the purpose of the interview; legal issues should be mentioned at the beginning of the interview, seeking the permission of the narrator for releasing the content of the interview on the web, complying with the ethical issues, familiarity of those responsible for electronic publication with databases and having a policy statement before release.

investigating the impact of experience, gender and complexity of task on predicting the disorientation  of graduate students at Shiraz University in browsing. This is an applied research with comparative approach. In order to collect data related to the users’ disorientation, the participants’ transaction log files in interaction with the website were recorded using the Camtasia Screen Recording Software, version8. User’ Experience and gender were collected using questionnaire. The population included all undergraduate students in Shiraz University and the sample consisted of 100 voluntary undergraduate students.  the complexity level of the task (simple or complex) alone has no significant effect on the level of users' disorientation. However, the interaction of the task complexity and the gender has a significant effect on users’ lost level; in both simple and complex tasks, the female users experienced disorientation more than males did. Moreover, with the increase in the complexity level of tasks, male users experienced more loss than female users. Moreover the interaction of the task complexity and the experience has no significant effect on users’ lost level. Finally the interaction of the task complexity, the experience and the gender has no significant impact on users’ lost level. Due to the limited understanding of the role of task complexity, gender and experience on disorientation of the users during web browsing, the results of the present study appeared to be useful in better understanding of the factors influencing the users’ disorientation in browsing process and thereby the need to consider them in users modeling and training.

Nowadays most of the day today services we receive are based upon computer systems. Services such as information searching or online shopping are considered among the most frequent online information systems' services. Users assess and process the information they receive from information systems. The theory of mind information processing asserts that humans process and analyze the information they receive from their environment. This theory also deals with the perception and recognition. User-interface paves the way regarding using and reaching the goal for the ultimate users. If user-interface is designed properly, the way through which the user reaches his/her goal would be a logical one; otherwise the lack of solidarity would result in system misuse. In other words if the user-interface grabs the user's attention, the interaction with the user would be successful. For studying the human-computer interaction a lot of methods have been proposed. Eye-tracking method is one of them. This method makes it possible to gather qualitative and quantitative data in this regard. Eyesight is very important regarding human perception, thus its data could be invaluable. The basis of this method is mind-eye theory which says eyes' movements could show the attention of a person regarding a picture or stimuli. This attention could report passion or problem. There are different types of eye movement, such as a fixation and saccade. Eye tracking delivers a voluminous data regarding users' attention in the form of quick and unconscious processes. Analyzing the eye-movement data is hard and its data extraction is tedious. Moreover the test environment and users' health are also of great importance in this regard. At last one must mention that eye movement data is invaluable for assessing the bottom-up cognition of the world and the top-down perception of mind.

the aim was to identify users' search strategies and the rate of using search strategies on the web. It is a practical survey. The statistical population included all the postgraduate students in the first semester at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 95 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. To gather the data, log files were used. 12 search strategies were identified which was divided into 5 general categories. Iterative evaluation strategy in another tab was a new form of evaluation strategy of results. Among all, starting search strategies were the most commonly used category which were repeated 397 times, and the search results evaluation strategies were ranked afterward, with 321 replications. The category of Simultaneous multiple resource access strategies, with 77 repetitions, were also the least used strategies, but in particular, the recurring exploration strategy, with 21 repetitions, was the least applicable strategy. Conducting correlation test between strategies showed that some of Pearson's correlation coefficients were significant. The strongest relationship was between the starting search strategies and the search result evaluation strategies with a 0.591 correlation coefficient. The results showed that the majority of students used traditional and simple strategies, such as the formulation of search terms strategy and the iterative result evaluation strategy, and they used more complex strategies in few cases. These results showed that the students need to be trained in using strategies.

To assess the quality of the national archives websites with WebQEM and Fuzz-web methods and design a system using a fuzzy inference.
Applied research employing survey. 65 national archives websites were evaluated using a checklist produced according to WebQEM method and weighted for the study population, as well as online tools of fuzz-web method. Based on data collected by fuzz-web method, a fuzzy inference system was designed in Matlab software.
The average score for national archives websites was 0.51 using WebQEM and 0.505 using fuzz-web. There was no significant difference between results derived from WebQEM and fuzz-web evaluation methods.
Usability and performance were the highest deficiencies of the websites, which is an alarm for web designers. Using fuzzy inference system, websites can be evaluated regularly.

aim: this study is Comparative the performance of search engines and meta search engines in retrieval of information.

. In order to collect the data, five keywords in various fields of information science and universology were selected and five meta-search engines were investigated. Meta-search engines which were investigated in this study include: Meta crawler, web crawler, Info, Info Space and dog pile. Three search engines joint were also covered which are Google, Yahoo and Bing. the first ten retrieved results of each engine were examined. The performance of ranking results in meta search engines from the viewpoint of users were investigated by using technical method. Furthermore, the performance of ranking results in search engines from the viewpoint of users was evaluated.

The research results indicate that among the meta search engines, Info has the best performance in ranking results and evaluating with technical method. Also, Google search engines has the best performance in ranking results among the studied search engines, there is a significant difference in search engines and meta search engines in performance of ranking. But from the perspective of users, there is not a significant difference among ranking performance of results in the meta search engines. Moreover, there is not a significant difference among the studied search engines in performance of ranking results. From the viewpoint of users, performance of ranking was conducted better in search engines than in meta search engines, in a way that performance of ranking in meta search engines was at a weak level.

Using mixed methods research design, the current study has analyzed Iranian researchers’ information searching behaviour on the Web.Then based on extracted concepts, the model of their information searching behavior was revealed.. Forty-four participants, including academic staff from universities and research centers were recruited for this study selected by purposive sampling. Data were gathered from questionnairs including ten questions and semi-structured interview. Each participant’s memos were analyzed using grounded theory methods adapted from Strauss & Corbin (1998). Results showed that the main objectives of subjects were doing a research, writing a paper, studying, doing assignments, downloading files and acquiring public information in using Web. The most important of learning about how to search and retrieve information were trial and error and get help from friends among the subjects. Information resources are identified by searching in information resources (e.g. search engines, references in papers, and search in Online database…) communications facilities & tools (e.g. contact with colleagues, seminars & workshops, social networking...), and information services (e.g. RSS, Alerting, and SDI). Also, Findings indicated that searching by search engines, reviewing references, searching in online databases, and contact with colleagues and studying last issue of the electronic journals were the most important for searching. The most important strategies were using search engines and scientific tools such as Google Scholar. In addition, utilizing from simple (Quick) search method was the most common among subjects. Using of topic, keywords, title of paper were most important of elements for retrieval information. Analysis of interview showed that there were nine stages in researchers’ information searching behaviour: topic selection, initiating search, formulating search query, information retrieval, access to information, information evaluation, information selection, information management, and stop/ continue.These stages located in greater four categories: search initiation behaviors, formulating search queries, search navigational behaviors, and information processing behaviors.The study contributes to the theoretical basis of Web search research. It also raises various questions within the context of user studies.

To study the user's search behavior on the web and the impact of wholist-analytic cognitive styles, task types and search experience on their performance. Methodology/Approach: This is an applied research using mixed methodology approach. The qualitative part is analyzed using content analysis and for the quantitative part survey is employed. The population consists of 44 researchers in different science fields. Data collected using Riding's Cognitive Style Analysis test, Web experience questionnaire and three search tasks. There exist some differences in search behavior of people with wholist and analytic cognitive styles, such that wholists use more search strategies for fulfilling tasks compared to analytic users. Also, search performance of two groups was different. Analytic users spent more time and visited more nodes to accomplish their tasks. However, the statistical analysis shows no significant difference between wholist and analytic users regarding the number of visited nodes and the time spent on finishing a task. Moreover, there was no significant difference between task levels and also between cognitive styles and experience in number of visited nodes and the time spent to retrieve information. Also, the statistical result considering difference between task types and cognitive styles follows the same rule. The research findings can help in better understanding user's web search behavior in terms of their cognitive styles; also the practical implication of the research is in user training and designing search tools. Besides, this research can be used in developing models for web search.

Different studies which are carried out on the credibility assessment of Web-based information, have taken different factors and levels into account including websites, information sources, information, messages, and the context within which credibility assessment is made. There are still other factors which do not depend on the source in question, but are related to the user who searches the information, and his or her characteristics, attributes, and behaviors. In the present study, first the role and position of users in credibility assessment was reviewed through investigating 7 credibility assessment models. Then, the most important factors and criteria of the models were illustrated according to the views of faculty members.
This study used the survey and library-based methods. The population included 1975 full-time faculty members of region 1 of Islamic Azad University (IAU). Based on Cochran formula, the sample of the study included 322 participants. To test the hypotheses, one-way variance was used. The data were processed in SPSS.
Findings: The findings showed that criteria such as user’s purpose, user’s competence (knowledge of the topic information technology, the Internet, and evaluation), and motivation were among the most important criteria for the users’ credibility assessment of information, from the faculty members’ perspective.

This paper studies the importance of image indexing with the emphasis on two techniques of concept-based and content-based related to Knowledge and Information Studies and Computer Science studies respectively. This is a literature review discussing on different approaches in image indexing. Image indexing is more complex in compare to text indexing, because looking through the images requires more attention. Images consist of different characteristics and offer various layers of meaning. Besides, images not only represent something but also convey a certain feeling. Therefore, the image characteristics and new advances in Information technology make a difference in image indexing and retrieval approaches and methods.

Science journalism at any point in the history has never been so important as today. People in the world are encountered different challenging issues. the potential impacts of GM crops; the mysterious die-off of bees; individualized medical treatment via genomics; climate disruption; the prospect of bringing extinct species back to life. Meanwhile, there is no independent and evidence-based information. Historically, most people rely on the media and these media present packages of information for large numbers of readers/ listeners/viewers. In this way, people inadvertently encounter science information almost as they watch TV news, read the morning newspaper or a front page of a magazine in the news stand. While that is still prevalent in many countries, today’s citizens rely increasingly on searching information in the internet. Science journalists are also active in the internet by blogging and placing stories in a variety of web-only outlets. But finding good information requires effort on the part of the individual searcher, an effort that the typical individual rarely makes. Chapter 1 of this paper discusses these conundrums and what they bring for the future of science journalism. It first tracks the historical evolution of the field, then moves to the characteristics of modern science journalists and their media outlets. It ends by returning to the challenges that lie ahead.

This paper aims to determine the influence of contextual factors on information seeking behavior. This survey investigates search tactics used and users’ perceptions of the search results on the Web by postgraduate students at Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This study was conducted through a mixed method. Thirty postgraduate students voluntarily participated. The study was carried out in the first semester of the academic year 2012-2013. The data was gathered using two questionnaires and log files recorded with Camtasia Studio software. The findings indicated more than half of the participants (53.3 percent) used Google, short queries were more used than long queries, advanced search options were used rarely (23 percent), and the participants view few search result pages. According to the results, the contextual factors significantly influenced the search time, search tactics (including querying and navigating) and users’ perceptions of the search results (including ease of use, usefulness, satisfaction and relevance judgment). Navigating tactic was primarily used by the participants. Among different aspects of users’ perceptions of the search results, ease of use and relevance judgments were significantly different based on the contextual factors, whereas scanning, extracting, and confidence were less affected by the contextual factors. The findings suggest practical implications for information retrieval systems designers that can design of systems with better user interface in order to meet the needs of users with different knowledge and skills, in this way it leads in promotion of search process and improvement of search results quality.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of verbal and imagery cognitive styles on information searching behavior of users in using the Web. Applied and mixed method was used in this study. Forty-four participants، including academic staff from Iranian universities and research centers were recruited for this study. Participants’ cognitive style was measured by using Riding Cognitive Style Analysis test. Two search tasks were designed based on Kim’s search task definitions. An individual lab session was arranged and then each participant’s memos were analyzed using a constructive observation approach. 48 strategies in 4 categories were identified: search initiation behaviors، formulating search queries، search conducting behaviors، and information processing behaviors. It was found that there were relations between users’ cognitive styles and information searching behavior. The participants varied in their selection of search initiation behaviors so that imagers suffered from more varied initial behavior than verbalizers. Verbalizers tended to search in narrow area then broadening the area and follow structured conduction and reading behavior to process information، while imagers tended to search in general area then narrowing down the search and adopt mix conductional styles and mixed behavior to process information. Results showed that both descriptively and statistically there were significant difference between information searching behavior of imagers and verbalizers، so that verbalizers used more strategies than imagers. Findings noted that verbalizers spent more time than imagers for completing tasks، whereas imagers tended to visit more nodes than did the verbalizers. Significant interaction was found between types of search task in number of nodes visited and time spent in retrieving information، but statistically there was no significant difference between cognitive styles، and between types of search task and cognitive styles in number of nodes visited and time spent in retrieving information. The study provides new understanding of Web users’ information search behavior based on cognitive styles which contributes to the theoretical basis of Web search research. It also raises various questions within the context of user studies. The paper adopted a qualitative approach in the area of information searching on the Web which is mainly dominated by research methods.

the present paper aims to describe the history، dimensions، and research and application areas of information credibility especially in the web information environment. reviewing related literature in communication، sociology، information science and computer science. credibility is a multidimensional and expansive concept for which an agreement has not been reached. Credibility is basically an evaluation related to the user by which both objective judgments like quality and accuracy of information and subjective judgments like trustworthiness and expertise should be took into consideration. Research area of credibility conducted usually by checklist and survey approaches comes across many challenges especially in the web environment. Originality/value: information credibility is a major concern in new information and media environments and needs serious consideration. Furthermore، the present paper is the first in Persian language concerning the concept.

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting women employees’ health information- seeking behavior on the Web in Khuzestan Water and Power Authority.

The survey was a descriptive and correlation type. The population of this research consisted of 207 female employees and the tool to collect the data was a questionnaire.

Findings of the research show that about 83 percent of the respondents used the web for Health Information- Seeking. The most important motivation of women search health information on the web was to decide how they can check illness. Most of them have positive attitude towards health information- seeking on the web. There was a significant relationship between intent to use health information on the web with the intent to use, income, experience to use information on the web and the intent to use, intent to use and attitude to use, intent to use and motive to use. The results of multiple regression analysis with repeated entry showed that motivation and previous experience were respectively the most important variables to explain the variance of intent to use. Attitude variable does not play a role in predicting intention to use. Overall, the results showed that all variables predict the coefficient of 19% of the dependent variable coefficient. This suggests that other factors involved predicting the behavior of women which needs further study.

The present research aims to review the policies of collection development for national web archives of some selected countries like Australia, Sweden, France, New Zealand and Great Britain, in order to prepare a checklist proposed for collection development of national web archives. Methodology / Approach: First, the library research method was used to review the concepts used in texts and resources. The next step was to review the websites of national web archives of the chosen countries and to correspond with respective officials through which the policies of collection development for web resources in the mentioned archives were collected. Based on the content analysis of each policy, a coherent and comprehensive check list was developed. The studied web archives differ in the number of criteria applied as follows: Pandora Web Archive (Australia): 101 criteria, Kulturarw3 Web Archive (Sweden): 17 criteria, New Zealand Web Archive: 21 criteria, National Library of France Web Archive: 15 criteria, UK Web Archive: 19 criteria. The collection development criteria compiled through reviewing the collection development policies applied by national web archives of the chosen countries was tabulated in a checklist against 8 factors: general factors of selecting online publications, types of publications, title, prioritizing multiple versions, legal issues, exceptions, general principles of selection, and examining the whole range. This checklist specifies 32 criteria and 107 indicators for national web archives.

To access Web pages that provide relevant information, users have to continuously make decision about how to follow links on and at the same time use signs and clues that web page elements provide them for orientation and path finding. In this research, elements related to information systems (the Web) on the one hand, and users’ characteristics on the other hand have been taken into consideration. Also users’ interaction, i.e, the process of selecting of links and following them and their performance are explored in the context of hyperlink environment. A mixed (quantitative & qualitative) method was used and data were collected in two ways, namely through a "questionnaire" and "log files" during the user's browsing sessions. Sixty graduate students of Ferdowsi University participated in the study and their browsing behaviors were observed and documented. Findings indicate that there are significant differences between users with different educational background and levels in their perception of the webpage elements. Also there are significant correlations between user's computer and search experiences and skills and their perception of the Webpage elements and performance. Another finding shows that male and female web users do not significantly differ in their perception of the webpage elements and performance.