industry

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought about a new revolution in the world, leading to a new wave of global and national policies. This technology is increasingly being recognized as a key driver of industrial transformation worldwide. However, the adoption of AI in industry is often challenging. An AI policy package can serve as a tool to overcome these challenges and guide its implementation in the industry.The aim of developing an AI policy package for the cement industry is to provide policy recommendations that establish a clear vision for the future of this technology in the sector and direct efforts towards its responsible development and utilization. The cement industry is one of the core industries globally and in Iran, and AI holds significant potential for improving productivity in this sector. This study employs library and qualitative research methods, along with expert interviews from both the cement industry and the AI domain in Iran. Using thematic analysis, a policy package for the implementation of AI in the cement industry is proposed. This policy package must be regularly reviewed and updated to align with AI technological advancements. The research findings present the AI policy package based on an analysis of the internal and external environment and strategic goals for AI adoption in core industries

Shushtar has always been one of the most important agricultural and commercial centers of Khuzestan and served as the provincial capital for over 13 centuries. but during the Pahlavi era, due to the shift of Khuzestan's administrative center from Shushtar to Ahwaz and subsequent loss of political status, initiating a period of decline and paving the way for its economic deterioration. Furthermore, crises in agriculture and industry hindered the city's economic growth. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the economic situation of Shushtar with an emphasis on the industrial and agricultural sectors in the first Pahlavi period and to analyze the factors that impeded their development.

This study employs a descriptive-analytical method, drawing on library sources, archival documents, and interviews.

Various internal factors such as lack of adequate investment in Shushtar agriculture, the occurrence of natural disasters, and lack of industrialization, hindered the growth of its agricultural economy. the obstacles to industrial development of Shushtar during the first Pahlavi era were political, economic, and social factors.

Given that university-industry cooperation is associated with the transfer of knowledge and technology, one of the key indicators of a country's development is the effectiveness of collaboration between universities and industry. Due to the significance of this topic, the present article seeks to analyze the state of cooperation between Iranian universities and industry based on the co-publication of articles indexed in the Web of Science database from 2010 to 2022, particularly in terms of financial support. The findings of this research will inform national policymakers and planners about the current state of university-industry cooperation in Iran, enabling them to devise appropriate strategies to enhance this collaboration.

The research method employed in this study is both descriptive and quantitative, utilizing scientific techniques such as word co-occurrence analysis. The statistical population for this research comprises 2,891 articles. This study encompasses all articles that received financial support, focusing on the collaboration between universities and industry in Iran from 2010 to 2022; therefore, no sampling method was applied. Instead, a census sampling method was utilized. To examine the collaboration between universities and industry through scientific publications (articles), each article must include at least one author affiliated with an industrial organization and one author affiliated with an academic institution, both of whom must have a financial sponsor. Specific labels were used to identify the organizations involved. Data collection was conducted using the Web of Science database, and the data were analyzed and visualized using BibExcel and VOSviewer software.

According to the findings of the current research, the highest number of financial supports for cooperation between industries and universities in Iran was recorded in 2021, with 430 articles published. In contrast, the lowest number was recorded in 2010, with only 89 articles. On the international front, 78 countries have co-published with Iran, with the United States leading in the number of collaborative articles. Other countries that have engaged in significant cooperation with Iran include England, Canada, Australia, France, New Zealand, China, Germany, Italy, and Russia are other countries that have had a large number of cooperation cases in Iran. The data related to financial support institutions showed that the National Iranian Oil Company along its subsidiaries (9.79%); Iran National Petrochemical Company along its subsidiaries (4.74%); Support fund for researchers and technologists (4.08%); Islamic Azad University (3.22%); National Gas Company and its subsidiaries (3.18%); University of Tehran with (2.94%); and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (2.80%) have provided the most financial support. Out of a total of 251 subject areas of Web of Science, 151 areas have received financial support in cooperation between the university and the industry. Based on thematic analysis, chemical engineering fields (10.27%); environmental sciences and materials science (4.28%); energy and fuels (4.21%); and water resources (3.65%), are the most used topics in the articles.

The annual growth rate of articles receiving financial support indicates that the 13-year collaboration between universities and industry has experienced significant fluctuations, with some years witnessing a decline. Furthermore, the leading industries providing financial sponsorship include oil, petrochemicals, and gas. Most of these companies are supported by government organizations and are among the most profitable in the country. Consequently, a substantial portion of the investments in this collaboration is derived from the government budget. In terms of the subjects covered in the articles, the results reveal that, while the fields are diverse and extensive, there is a noticeable absence of certain topics, particularly in the humanities and social sciences.

In this research, the laws governing the relationship between universities and industry in Iran and selected countries have been compared and the level of effectiveness of the laws in Iran has also been examined, and the purpose of this work is to find solutions to reduce Iran's gap with global standards. be suggested in this regard.

The methodology of this research is mixed and includes the methods of documentary studies, content analysis, comparative study and Delphi method. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes 122 countries included in the report on the competitiveness of countries, which were selected by judgmental sampling according to criteria such as the strategic, geographical and religious similarities of two countries, Turkey and Malaysia, and in the quantitative part Also, in order to check the effectiveness of the ruling laws, 21 people from the statistical community of experts in academic entrepreneurship, science and technology policy and economics of Razi University have been selected as Delphi panel members through judgmental sampling method.

The comparative comparison framework of the laws governing the relationship between university and industry has three dimensions: strategic and financial, educational and research, technological and production. The results of the research show that the state of laws governing the relationship between universities and industry in Iran is very far from selected countries and international standards.

In terms of the laws governing the relationship between universities and industry, Iran is far away from elite and leading countries. According to the current research, the presence of two main factors have caused the not so favorable situation of the university-industry relationship in this field: 1. Legal gap 2. Supervisory and control gap.

The application of knowledge generated in universities is crucial for its dissemination outside of academic environments, particularly in industrial settings. Lack of familiarity with these channels and their features can lead to failure in achieving the ultimate goal of this communication. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the channels of knowledge flow between universities and industries.

This study employs a scientometric approach, utilizing co-word analysis and narrative review techniques. Using the narrative review approach, we conducted searches in the most important international databases, which served as the theoretical framework for this study. In the second stage of this research, a scientometric approach was employed to uncover the connections, key words, and the scientific map formed by the relationships between words. Theco-word technique was utilized for this purpose. In this way, the query "(university AND industry AND (channel OR transfer OR spillovers OR flow OR dissemination))" was searched in the Topic field of the Web of Science database, which is known as one of the most reliable citation databases. The time span was from 1975 to November 27, 2022, and the search was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection, including the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) from 1980 to the present, the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) from 1980 to the present, the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) from 1975 to the present, the Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S) from 1990 to the present, the Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH) from 1990 to the present, the Book Citation Index - Science (BKCI-S) from 2005 to the present, the Book Citation Index - Social Sciences & Humanities (BKCI-SSH) from 2005 to the present, and the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) from 2005 to the present. A total of 5178 documents were retrieved using this search strategy. To create a co-word map, the VOSviewer software was utilized. In order to generate an analyzable map, a threshold of at least 50 occurrences was applied, resulting in 86 words being entered for the analysis and creation of a co-occurrence map.

Examining the flow of knowledge channels between universities and industries revealed that these channels may be formal, informal, or a combination of both. Also, the exchange of knowledge between the industry and the university can be intentional or incidental. This knowledge can be explicit or tacit. On the other hand, in channels for transferring knowledge, considerations such as commercialization, cost-benefit analysis, and financial return have also been taken into account. Furthermore, these channels and the transfer of knowledge between universities and industries are considered a form of social capital. Examining the relationship between industry and university from a scientometric perspective, and based on the co-occurrence map of words, it is evident that topics such as the performance and impact of cooperation, knowledge transfer, triple helix, industry, technology transfer, knowledge, entrepreneurship, and research and development are the most important concepts extracted. The scientific map and the formed clusters illustrate the significance of knowledge flow channels between industry and university researchers, highlighting the importance of cooperation in knowledge transfer. In total, four topic clusters have been identified in the co-word map.

The channels between universities and industry have been the focus of various research studies, and the formation of thematic clusters further underscores this significance. The diversity among the channels indicates that a thorough analysis of the knowledge flow between the university and the industry requires the use of multiple indicators.

The present study aimed to analyze the recruitment process and employment challenges of Information Science and Knowledge Studies students in order to provide policy solutions to meet the needs of the higher education system.

This research is an applied research and its method is a qualitative method in the interviews section and descriptive-analytical in the documents and statistics section. In order to study the process of attracting students of Information Science and Knowledge Studies, statistical data of the Institute of Research and Planning of Higher Education during the years 2011-12 to 2017-18 were used. In order to collect information from the qualitative department, a purposeful semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 graduate and doctoral students in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies. Descriptive analysis method has been used to analyze the data of the statistics section and thematic analysis has been used as a research strategy to analyze the semi-structured interviews section.

The findings of the research in the statistical review section showed that the highest number of enrollees in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies in the doctoral program in the academic year 2016-2017, in the master's degree program in the academic year 2016-2017, and in the undergraduate program in 2011-2012. In terms of gender, in all the years studied, the total number of female enrollees was more than the number of male enrollees. Findings indicated that the highest number of enrollments in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies was related to the academic year 2011-2012. Then the enrollment has taken a downward trend in the academic year 2014-2015 with a slight, there has been an increase.

To address the employment challenges of graduates in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies, three steps should be considered before the student and during the student recruitment process, during the student and post-student. Before attracting and admitting students, it is necessary to pay attention to their basic practical skills and competencies and their motivation and interest in this field. During their student time, it is necessary to find employment courses for students in this field to get acquainted with various jobs related to their expertise should be held and while identifying the needs and skills required by jobs, society and industry by the university and policy-making institutions and their application in university content and topics, carding skills, communication skills, scientific research skills, knowledge and practical skills of students. This field should be strengthened in the university. Also, the titles of dissertations and doctoral dissertations in this field should be selected based on the needs assessment of the labor market and society and the demand-oriented approach.

By identifying the scientific researches of artificial intelligence carried out by universities, industry and the government, this paper seeks to outline the research situation of Iran in the field of this technology in comparison with China and the United States as the two leading countries in artificial intelligence. Based on this perception, the main goal of the current research is to extract the interactive model of university, industry, and government as the main actors in the scientific research collaboration of artificial intelligence in the three studied countries.

This research was conducted based on the scientometric method and the use of the Scopus database in the time domain of the last two decades. Countries were ranked based on the number of documents and citations to the top 1000. Then the documents were separated based on organizational affiliations into academic, industrial, government, and international groups. On this basis, the co-authoring network of Iran's documents was drawn based on organizational collaboration. Through mutual information analysis, the quality of cooperation in Iran was compared with the other two countries. For this purpose, a meaningful examination of the arrangement of categories was done through Shannon's entropy calculations.

With a small difference, China and America had the most documents and Iran was in the 30th position. In the citation, America, with a significant difference, was first, China was second, and Iran was 17th. By normalizing the number of studies in terms of population and GDP, the United States was placed in a much higher position than China, and the distance between Iran and China in the normalized results was also much smaller. In the uncertainty and synergy of interactions, the same order was maintained. Among the players in Iran, Tehran University, followed by the Amirkabir University of Technology the and Sharif University of Technology, have had the most scientific productions. University, industry, and government data in Iran were experimentally manipulated. The highest output based on the least input change was achieved through increased industry research.

The most important difference in the cooperation model of Iranian actors with the other two countries is the level of industry participation. Among the three countries, America shows the most industrial research collaborations. In the case of Iran, it was also concluded that the policy of encouraging the industry to participate in artificial intelligence research will be most effective. This result is also supported by experimental manipulation of values.

Today, there is a huge volume and complexity of knowledge produced by the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology, and the problems and existing problems and limitations in providing resources and providing the necessary infrastructure, especially for engineering research in industries and organizations. Applying optimal knowledge is important for exploiting research results and achievements within the context of knowledge translation. So that investment in engineering and industry groups is not wasted, and these studies will be directed to commercialization. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the knowledge translation status of faculty members of engineering departments at the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and has been developed as a survey with a descriptive approach. The research population consisted of faculty members of the Faculty of Engineering at the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.

The results showed that the performance of faculty members of engineering departments in the field of “research question” with a mean and standard deviation of 19.39 ± 5.11, for “knowledge production” with a mean and standard deviation of 24.98 ± 5.96, in the field of “knowledge transfer” with a mean and standard deviation of 39.52 ± 10.34, and a mean and standard deviation of 12.04 ± 4.50 for “promoting the use of evidence”, all of which are deemed to be at the desired levels. In the final assessment, the researchers' performance status in the entire process of knowledge translation was reported with a mean and standard deviation of 95.94 ± 23.25 was considered to be at the desired level as well.

First, the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz must devise an appropriate structure such as a knowledge translation committee and provide the grounds for the participation of knowledge brokers in order to improve the state of knowledge translation to a very desirable level. Furthermore, the university must adapt the research organization to the extant needs by following the focused activities of the industry and community relations group.Accordingly, another remarkable factor in attaining the above end is the provision of costs and financial support for research in line with the aims of knowledge translation. In addition, the research grants for applied and operational projects can be increased, and some of the promotion and employment regulations can be directed towards knowledge translation to encourage researchers and motivate their decisions with the assistance of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology and the Vice Chancellor for Education.

Today, the favorable relationship between industry and academia as an efficient category for socio-economic development and the success of a society's future plans has become an undeniable necessity. The relationship between industry and the university, given the role that these two institutions play in society, requires special mechanisms that can not be enjoyed without addressing them and without creating the right context. This article seeks to answer the question of what are the barriers to university-industry cooperation? In this regard, according to the context and conditions of the higher education system (universities) and its interaction with industry and also due to the interdisciplinary nature of university-industry cooperation, a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method was selected as the research method. By thematic analysis and using semi-structured interviews, information was collected from seventeen experts and faculty members of the university as well as managers of growth centers, university-industry relations office and entrepreneurship centers in the field of industry, university and commercialization. Data were analyzed by open and centralized coding method. Research results indicate barriers; University restrictions include industry restrictions, cultural barriers, organizational, operational barriers, and political-legal barriers. Finally, conclusions and suggestions for developing the university's cooperation with industry are presented.

 The main purpose of this study is to study the relationship between science and technology based on the citations of patents in university and industry co-publications based Citation Database Science Expanded in 2018.

 This research is applied one that has been done with a scientometrics and documentary approach and a reverse citation analysis method. The research population is the industry and university co-publications, and the data collection tools include WoS, ESI, USPTO, and EPO databases.

 The data obtained in this study showed that only about 2.32% of the publications cited patents in which about 4.27% of total citations were patents.

Conclustion: 

The link between technology and science based on the patent citations in scientific documents, in the other words, co-publications, has not been strong. Since the geographical distribution of more than half of the citations belonged to the G8 countries, it can be acknowledged that industrial development affects the industrial impact of countries on scientific outputs.

The purpose of this research is to identify key factors in the development of defense industries and universities. The research method is descriptive - analytic and refer to valid databases and the use of library resources and cyberspace based on which to identify key factors affecting defensive industry and university. Based on the studies, four key factors: interaction architecture, knowledge, social and success factors as main factors as well as 19 sub factors affecting the relationship between defense industry and university were identified. The results showed that the only reliable way to increase defense capabilities is to adopt pre - emptive approach in dealing with environmental changes. Accordingly, industries should deal with pre - emptive action and with continuous scanning of environmental changes and new challenges and in interaction with the university on the amount of learning and their scientific and practical ability to deal with new paradigms and solutions that make suitable service possible.

Research and Technology Organizations have been established with different approaches in several countries. They have as an intermediary link among industry, government and university. The history of these organizations back to the beginning of twentieth century, that their objective was supporting industries. Nowadays, Research and Technology Organizations use different missions and strategies depending on the circumstances of their country or region. This paper tries to analyze the strategies of research and technology organizations in European Union countries. In this regard, various approaches from the point of view of innovation, industry, government, and performance indicators in other areas have been mainly studied in the EU. The research methodology is descriptive and analytic. The data collections are based on documental study, published and library research. These indicators and the innovation approaches are analyzed, structured and proposed as a new category at the end of this paper. Finally, in the results analysis section, a new strategy summary is presented in four approaches, government-oriented, industry-based, innovative and foresight base. An analytical comparison for the Iran’s research organizations is presented comparing to the current existing approaches

The aim of the present work is to illustrate the most important theoretical gaps of commercialization of scientific research, in inside and outside of the country. In addition, some of the most significant research ideas are proposed to depict the future path of this topic. The utilized method in the investigation, which was led to this paper, was the library research and conceptual analysis. In World Literature, it is observed that some of the literatures have been mainly reasoned on the basis of sociological theories of science against the commercialization of scientific research, and some others, used the objective and empirical results, to provide their defense for commercialization as an existing reality. In domestic literature, five main topics, which attract the attention of authors, are as follow: definition the concepts of commercialization of scientific research, appropriate executive models in Iran, the success factors of commercialization of science in universities of the world and Iran, present obstacles in Iran, its positive and negative consequences. The two recent issues have more importance in domestic literature, mostly the scientific community of management, and to a lesser extent, the sociologists have been entered to this debate. Other scholars in the fields of science policy, economics of science, and philosophy of science have been disregarded to this issue. The debate on commercialization of scientific research within the country lacks the theoretical frameworks for analyzing, evaluating and proceeding to the necessity of the subject.

Over the past three decades of research, despite the success of scientific quantitative production, their quality has not improved in terms of developing the knowledge boundaries and the effectiveness of research results in the country's development indicators. As the article production increased, why did not pay attention to the quality of articles? And simultaneously, why the value of the effectiveness of produced science on the society did not take into consideration? These questions and the other ones of this kind are the cases that the writers will review. In the meantime, whether the country's past research can be criticized, or whether it can be violated, and whether in the three decades of research the country has been affected by the effectiveness of scientific production in the development of the country and the system of research management in the country. The purpose of this research is to investigate the three decades of research in the country, to examine two different perspectives from discourse of the day in the field of research and pathology of the field of research, and finally to present various strategies that can pave the way. It is obvious that the general survey of quantitative and qualitative paradigms shows that Iran's research in extending the knowledge boundaries has little effect on the development of society. Therefore, the existing capacities of research of the country create the expectation that along with increasing the financial support for research, while maintaining the growth of scientific papers numbers, the research system of the country will be managed in a way that will contribute to the quality of the articles as well as to promote the development indicators of society that it’s buds have grown over the last few years. Creating the required structures for technology and commercialization of research has provided the appropriate fields to change the paradigm and the research management system of the country. A deeper analysis of this issue will require more extensive applied research from both the views and attitudes of the top executives of the research system of the country and the researchers' at

Technological advances not only affiliated on the inner operation of industries, influenced by the interaction of firms with universities and other related organizations. In the knowledge-based economy, in order to technology development, cooperation three pillars, universities and research and development organizations, industry and government are emphasized and one of the policies of governments to strengthen the relationship between these elements, design and creat mediating institutions.
In this paper, types of models and theories of the relationship between academia and industry, including linear model of innovation, innovation system and triple helix are studied, evolution in the interaction of three institutions academia, government and industry in Iran in the form of the creation of intermediaries are examined, then, the main functions of intermediaries are identified, and with case analysis,"coordination center of science, industry and market", dominant Patterns and the functions of this mediator is analyzed.