museum

This research aims to understand the 'Iconclass' method and highlight how to utilize it for classifying artistic works.

The research method employed in this study is a bibliographic referencing method. After introducing the Iconclass method, the current article elaborates on the efficiency aspects of this method in documenting and classifying artistic works.

The findings of this research indicate that the mentioned method has three main capabilities: firstly, unlike methods focusing on the formal and visual classification of artworks, this method enables understanding the content of artworks beyond their visual form. One of the contents found in the artistic work resulting from this method is symbolic and mythological themes hidden in the images. This provides the audience with the opportunity to go beyond the superficial and obvious aspects and delve into the literary, historical, mythological, and other dimensions related to the artistic work. As mentioned earlier, this is also observed at the second level of Erwin Panofsky's method (iconographic analysis). At this level, the image is linked to other texts using the Iconclass method, enabling a more extensive understanding and analysis of the work. Additionally, it is worth mentioning that with this method, it is possible to somewhat identify the personalities, symbols, allegories, and signs present in the images. Furthermore, it should be noted that the content-based classification (iconographic) has mostly been prepared and made available to date in specific subjects with special needs in limited countries (mostly Western) and centered around Western art. The Iconclass method provides an opportunity to classify artistic works beyond national boundaries and the dual classifications of East and West. Secondly, using this method, documentation and classification of artworks are also based on the content of the works, allowing for the introduction and analysis of complex patterns, themes, and their interrelationships for the documenter. This enables the documentarian to provide a precise and reliable analysis and interpretation of artistic works by selecting vocabulary, symbols, notes, signs, and organizing them in a hierarchical structure. With the hierarchical structure of the mentioned method, the documentarian can easily filter and separate the necessary data, as the subsets of each class are classified as alphanumeric data. Thirdly, the researcher gains access to a set of resources related to the subject, enhancing the research study`s speed and depth. In other words, this method simplifies the search process for young researchers, making it easy and transparent for them to move from the data and initial description of the work to a deeper level and grasp the relationship between text and image. Furthermore, the use of controlled vocabulary provides an opportunity for a consistent and unbiased description of artistic works. In other words, it can be said that this method enables researchers to uncover hidden themes in artistic works.

The method mentioned here eliminates the challenges of accessing resources related to artistic works and assists researchers in retrieving images more easily. By utilizing this approach, museums and art collections can classify items in their collections. It also contributes to producing lists and catalogs for museums. This, in turn, will help advancing art history research.

The article was carried out with the aim of evaluating the user interface of Persian web pages of Iranian museums

The research is of an applied type and it was carried out by a survey method of the type of Heuristic Evaluation. The statistical population of the research includes 10 museum websites under the supervision of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage of Iran. The research tool is the evaluation list based on the criteria found in the texts and sources including 10 main indicators and 103 sub-components. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman test were used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that among the 10 main indicators, the criteria of simplicity, error correction and user interface language scored 100%, 98.13% and 97.51%, respectively. The criteria of user control and search had the lowest compliance with the components of the evaluation list with 21.9% and 26.83%, respectively. Among the statistical population. Niavaran Museum site had the highest level of quality compliance with 71.71% and Iran Communication Museum had the lowest level of quality compliance with the evaluation list with 42.52%.

The results of the investigation of the research hypothesis showed that the studied museum sites differ in respect of user interface evaluation indicators, and the websites of the studied museums have acted differently in terms of compliance with the indicators. The results showed that the studied sites were able to score more than 50% on the criteria of guidance, information display, and guidance, but they scored less than 50% on the criteria of search, coherence, page design, user interface, user control, and error correction. Considering the role and importance of these criteria in increasing the satisfaction of users from the museum website, it is recommended to upgrade the existing situation by the custodians of the museum website under study.

The use of metadata in various information contexts such as cultural heritage contexts (libraries, museums, and archives) requires proper management. Using metadata, especially during the production or before publication of the content objects, is an appropriate solution; because it provides the ability to identify, evaluate, select, explore, and manage content objects in various information storage and retrieval systems. Each library and information center needs a range of metadata standards to manage content objects and facilitate and expedite access to them. In most cases, a single standard cannot meet all needs or support all intended functions. In other words, not all elements of a metadata standard are applicable to a particular library or information center. The solution offered by the information and knowledge organization field, especially the metadata field, is an application profile to solve the problem of the non-applicability of a metadata standard and its set of elements in a particular library or information context.The Library, Museum, and Archive of the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (A.S.) have a collection of valuable ancient resources and objects, which its printed resources and written heritage have been organized, and their bibliographic information is available for viewing and use by clients through the Azarsa Software. A vast number of written and audiovisual documents, along with over 7,000 historical artifacts, have been registered and recorded in this center. The purpose of the current research was to design a metadata application profile for describing and organizing (processing) the content objects of the Library, Museum, and Archive of the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (A.S.).

Literature Review:

Application profiles emerged after criticisms were made about the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) for being simple and proposals to expand or complete it through other metadata standards (Tennis, 2015). Application profiles provide a mechanism to extract the elements required, appropriate to the characteristics of a database or information centers, link between these elements, and present them in the application profile form. Non-use of an application profile causes local needs not to be considered in the metadata schema, and this causes the database, digital library, or information centers to face many problems during the use phase (Najafzadeh, 2016).Application profiles consist of metadata elements from one or more standards that are implemented, combined, and optimized according to the local environment. Combining multiple standard metadata schemas to develop an application profile enables metadata to have a higher level of standardization, organization, and interoperability, and to be easily shared among many organizations (Nonthakarn & Wuwongse, 2015). Application profile consists of four main components: application, entities, entities’ properties, and property’s value (Gerontakos & Riesenberg, 2021, p14). From Taheri's point of view (2014, p154), the birth certificate of each metadata application profile element has 13 components. These components are: name of term, label, defined by, source definition, library definition, description, type of term, refinement(s), refined by, encoding scheme, obligation, data type, and occurrence. These components are generally mentioned in the table form.Libraries, archives, and museums have been important institutions that have facilitated access to all kinds of information in the form of diverse content objects and have led to the cultural and educational progress of the society. These institutions in the current information society need to describe and organize their content objects, and metadata tools are very helpful in this field. Therefore, some of the best places to design, use, and exploit application profiles are libraries and information centers.

The research method was practical in terms of the goal, which was carried out with an analysis approach. The research community was the employees of the organization department and managers of the Library, Museum and Archive of the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (A.S.) and elements, attributes and properties of the metadata standards of the cultural heritage context (library, archive and museum), which were selected by purposeful sampling method. The data collection method was structured observation and the tools were interviews, questionnaires, and checklists

The findings showed that in order to describe and organize (process) the content objects of the Library, Museum, and Archive of the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (A.S.), three separate metadata application profiles are needed for the library, museum, and archive. The metadata application profile designed for library, museum and archives content objects had 53, 83, and 27 main and sub-elements, respectively. Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), UK Collection Management Standard (Spectrum), and International Standard Archival Description (ISAD) had the highest number in the metadata application profile in the contexts of library, museum, and archives, respectively.

The design of a metadata application profile will lead to the proper description and processing of content objects, more convergence of the cultural heritage context, as well as better management of metadata. This is done according to local context and needs, and it will increase the access points, retrieval, and interoperability with other information management systems and libraries

The purpose of this research was to identify the components of gamification in content marketing based on the perspectives of managers and librarians at Malek National Library and Museum.

This study employed an applied research approach and utilized a descriptive survey method. The research population consisted of all managers and librarians (totaling 20 individuals) at Malek Library and Museum. A researcher-developed questionnaire consisting of four components and 50 items was used as the data collection tool. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through expert opinions, and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.779). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24, utilizing descriptive statistics such as frequency percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Friedman's test.

According to the research participants, the factor of gamification mechanics with an average rating of 2.13 was deemed more important in content strategy. In terms of content production, the dynamics of gamification had a higher average rating of 2.31 compared to the other two factors. For content creation and optimization, participants considered the dynamic gamification factor (average rating of 2.19) as more significant than the other two factors. Lastly, in the context of content dissemination and distribution, the gamification mechanics factor was rated highest with an average rating of 2.38 compared to the other two factors.

From the viewpoint of librarians and managers at Malek Library and Museum, the elements of gamification mechanics and dynamics were the most important factors in content marketing.Value: Given the nature of service provision in libraries and museums, as well as their contribution to national production, the integration of gamification and content marketing can greatly assist in growth, expansion, and meeting customer needs and demands.

Crowdsourcing is a phenomenon in which any organization uses the population as a resource to perform various tasks and find the best solution for any problem using collective effort and wisdom. By attracting participation, crowdsourcing helps to increase communication, new ideas and make organizations productive. This study aimed at prioritizing the components of crowdsourcing in libraries, archives, museums and galleries in order to provide a conceptual model for better understanding.

This qualitative-quantitative research has been conducted by using systematic literature review and Delphi method in order to confirm the identified indicators, and interpretive structural modeling. The statistical population of the systematic review in this research includes research articles related to the basics of crowdsourcing in libraries, archives, museums and galleries from the period 2006 to 2022 AD for English language sources and the period 1385 to 1400 solar for Persian language sources. Based on the Critical Appraisal Skills Program and screening process, 54 works were selected for further review and analysis. The statistical community of experts in Delphi panel and prioritization of components was formed by 25 experts from libraries, archives, museums and galleries who were selected by snowball method.

First, the aspects and indicators of crowdsourcing in libraries, archives, museums and galleries model were derived from the theoretical literature. They were confirmed by questionnaire conducted with experts in libraries, archives, museums and galleries. The output of this phase contained 76 indicators drawn from twelve aspects. According to the results of data analysis and the ideas of the experts, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method was employed to make relationship between indicators and aspects for designing the model. The result was an integrated model for crowdsourcing in libraries, archives, museums and galleries at eleven levels. Moreover, the aspects of crowdsourcing were divided into four levels according to the power of guidance and influence of each aspect on the other aspects and the degree of dependence of each aspects to other one.

The existing leveling shows that maintaining participation and interaction with a degree of dependence of 12 is the most impressive and Goal setting with a guiding power of 12 has the most guiding and influencing power. Goal setting was recognized as the main aspect, which contained the bases of the model. For starting and controlling any crowdsourcing, managers ought to consider this aspect quite seriously.The characteristics of the Crowd and Evaluation have weak driving power and little dependence on the system. The characteristics of Training, Crowdsourcing Platform, Reward, Motivation and Maintaining Participation and Interaction have a weak guiding power, but they have a high dependence power on other aspects. Goal setting, Crowdsourcing Ethics, Crowdsourcing Management, Content features and Task features are independent aspects with high guiding power on the system and low dependence power on other aspects. They have the most impact on other aspects and accept the least impact from other aspects. Maintaining Participation and Interaction was recognized as the most sensible aspect of crowdsourcing.

This article examines the hidden and obvious potentials of manuscript treasures to generate new symbolic capital. This research tries to create narrative scientific-historical museums by using manuscripts.

This article has been implemented by analytical-descriptive method and using library resources. In this research, the word museum is interpreted using mythological knowledge. A new design is introduced for the layout and architecture of museums using the patterns of temples and mythical mirrors. Finally, the need to create narrative museums based on manuscripts is explained.

Manuscript treasures are hidden capital. By narrating them in scientific-historical museums, new symbolic capitals are created for the society. There are three fields of tourism, art and education in the museum. Manuscripts can become symbolic capital with narration in these fields.

Manuscripts show the antiquity of civilization and culture. Displaying and creating narratives for these manuscripts will introduce people to their history and identity. This museum transforms cultural capital into symbolic capital and creates development in this way. These museums can be designed like temples. In addition to the field of tourism, museums also have a function in the field of education. In the field of identity, museums are effective and can be useful. Visualizing the history of science and scientific concepts in the form of narrative museums is used in education, identification and the creation of symbolic assets. In addition, such a museum can have consequences similar to the messages of mythical mirrors for the visitor. The imitation of mythical temples and mirrors in the design of the museum can arouse the collective subconscious of the visitor and place him in a space similar to the mythical space. A quasi-mythical atmosphere in which the visitor experiences a return to previous historical periods, liberation from linear time, and a sense of renewal based on the presence of a mythical sacred time. A quasi-mythical atmosphere in which the visitor by experiencing the transition from historical periods, escape from everyday worries and challenges and feel the sense of renewal. Museum of Persian Prose can be established using this approach. Visualizing the history of prose for people by using narration can change their view of prose literature. Establishing a museum in this way can make people interested in prose and affect their lives. Khorasan and especially the old Baihaq, which is known as the capital of Persian prose due to the abundance of influential figures on Persian prose, is the best place to open such a museum.

Management information system is an important tool in the management of the organization and has been used mainly to automate the performance of codified management activities And ultimate goal of creating and implementing this system is to collect, refine, analyze, process, summarize and transmit the past and present information of the organization and related phenomena.This system seeks to provide reliable, complete, accessible and understandable information to users. Management information system is one of the most important achievements in the field of administrative work to improve organizational performance in organizations.The aim of this study was to identify and explain the factors affecting the implementation of management information system in the library, museum and document center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.

This research is a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods.The type of research is qualitative in the first stage in terms of exploratory purpose and quantitative in the second stage with explanatory purpose.In the qualitative section, to identify the factors affecting the management information system, the findings of internal and external research analysis, as well as interviews with experts and Delphi technique have been used And the data collection tool in the quantitative part of the research is a researcher-made questionnaire taken from the qualitative stage of the research. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research consists of professors of information science and knowledge departments and managers with the history of library, museum and document center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. 16 experts were selected by snowball sampling method. The statistical population in a small stage includes all librarians, administrators and officials of the library, museum and documentation center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of 215 people. Due to the limited population, a census was conducted. Research data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with Smart -PLS software.

According to the results, human, organizational and technical factors have been identified as effective factors on the implementation of management information system. The human factor has three sub-factors: managerial, educational and individual, the organizational factor has four sub-factors: environmental, economic, structural and cultural, and for the technical factor, three factors of network and infrastructure, security and user support have been identified.

Managers should pay attention to human, organizational and technical factors in order to implement MIS. Solutions such as full support of managers for implementation, holding seminars and training workshops, upgrading software systems in accordance with information needs and developments, observing security standards and using various hard tools software is recommended..

Research’s purpose is explaining the Guilford's intelligence model as a management information system processor with library and museum’s entities in the content, processing operations, and products levels. Method’s research is exploratory and content analysis. The findings show that in the content level, audio with audio content objects, -visual with visual content objects, semantic meaning with the specialized knowledge’s audio and visual content objects, symbol with ISSN and ISBN, and Fankha identifiers, behavioral with responses based on the knowledge of users is equivalents. At the level of processing operations, recognition with the process of recognizing content objects, memory with the process of storage and retrieval, divergent thinking with the process of creating value added information and knowledge, intellectualism with the process of categorizing objective and subjective information, explicit and implicit knowledge’s content objects, evaluation with The process of evaluating performance is equivalent. At the level of the product, the unit with the elements of content objects, the relationship between the units with the relation of the elements of content objects, the class of the group with the classification of content objects, the system of identifying structural relationships by creating the semantic content of content objects, the transformation of the processing by extraction, discovery, and argumentation of data Available, the application is derived from the use of content with databases, expert systems, and mapping of knowledge. As a result, the information management system for library and museum performance entities is possible based on the structure of the conceptual framework of Gilford's intelligence

Review of historical monuments such as ancestral handicrafts, the investigation into the life of physicians, astronomers, agriculturists, architects, physicists and mathematics and so on, attest to the development of knowledge in the ancient Iran. Such knowledge can be observed in the ancient and authentic Iranian art namely Iranian carpet. Such textures which have developed Iran’s academic standing by integrating principles of art with mathematics in order to promote Iranian standing in both art and mathematics. Therefore, we decided to elaborate the role of our ancient culture which had a pre-eminent position in mathematics, in the area of science. So one of the effects of mathematics, art and culture was chosen to smooth the way for teaching mathematics to students by weave the mathematics into it. This delicacy can develop the promotion and popularization of mathematics as the overall aims of education. This view can help students to see mathematics as a different form of knowledge which will be oppose to common view in society which consider math as difficult and complicated knowledge. The results of several research show that the ways which our ancestors used math in their daily life activities are very interesting and even unique despite of having no formal academic education. So, in addition to creating interest and motivation in students, introducing such activities can have a significant impact on teaching and learning process.

To evaluate professional ethics among librarians of Library, Museum and Documents Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and its effects on their performance.Methodology/Approach: 120 librarians working at different parts of the library were surveyed. There is a significant difference between the average of all variables and the general factor of librarian's professional ethics with the theoretical average, where the first variables stand in a higher level than the second one. The averages for all the performance components are higher than theoretical average, except for the "promotion of knowledge and skills" variable. To give better services, librarians need to know professional ethics through training and persuasion.

Today, much attention has been paid to museum education all over the worlddue to its unique features that afford for learning, but this issue is ignored in Iran’s educational system. Thus,the present paper aims at scrutinizing the principle reasons for ignorance of the role of museums in Iran’s educational system. Methodologically employing an analytic-inductive approach, this paper will answer to the following two questions:1- Why museum education is pivotal in formal and even non-formal education¿
2- Why Iran’s educational system ignores it?Regarding the first question , it should be noted that because of significantcharacteristics of museum education such as implied/ experimental learning, not imposing learning to learner, simultaneous involvement of visitor’s cognitive and affective aspects in addition to employing 5 senses, museum education is an appropriate ground for learning and therefore plays a pivotal role in educational systems. Further, the functions of which illuminate its importance and necessity are as such: helping to shape cultural identity followed by national solidarity and coherence, helping to ecological education and thus havingcontribution to resolving ecological issues, helping to peace education and critical thinking by discussion about what are seen in museums, teaching various sciences, developing positive social behaviors, and finally developing the concept of self and individual identity. As far as the second question is concerned, two reasons should be noted: Iran’s educational system has ignored museum educational system because oflack ofproperunderstandingof theconcept of education and having a traditional perspective to aims, roles and functions of museum education. At the end,some suggestions havebeen proposed to take advantage ofthe capacities ofmuseumsandmuseumeducation.

The study aims to investigate the relationship between social capital and knowledge management in librarians of the Central Library, Museum and Documentation Center of Astan Quds Razavi.
the research method is survey. Research population were librarians of Central Library, Museum and Documentation Center of Astan Quds Razavi. For data collections questioner were used. Questioner reliability was 93%. For data analyses Spearman correlation and regression analyses was used.
Findings: research finding showed that social Capital has a significant and positive impact on knowledge management. As well as among three dimensions of social capital, the relationship dimension, has a highest correlation with the implementation of knowledge management and its development as well.
The results showed that social capital improvement, led to the development of knowledge management. Improve communication and constructive interactions among employees, through effective communication with strengthen and culture of participation, will facilitate knowledge production

Science and Technology museums do special activities based on their goals as a research institute in regard with disseminating and popularization of science. In this article, the role of Iran science and technology museum in popularization of science by considering the activities of themuseum regarding to education, learning, popularizing and transferring scientific experiences to visitors has been introduced and examined.To study the activities of Iran Science and Technology Museum, with the approach of popularization of science, a questionnaire was randomly given to 100 visitors in the first half of 2014. Museum activities such as educational tours by experts, scientific learning in science and technology museum, the effectiveness of visits on visitors’ learning, interactive role of the museum’s objects in popularization of scientific concepts, chance of having scientific questions and answers about museum’s objects, increasing natural history information by visiting the hall of indigenous and modern technologies, familiarity with celebrities in different fields of knowledge, their works and inventions, scientific information about museum’s objects such as catalogue, brochure, receiving scientific information through animation and documentaries, holding workshops, seminars and scientific conferences for dissemination of science, were the mentioned materials in this survey. More than 80 percent of respondents have chosen IRSTM as a good place for popularization of science and scientific notions. In this regard one of the most important activities is the method of education and learning in science and technology museum which leads to a practical training during visit.

The present research aims to study the use of TQM in the Islamic parliament library, museum and documentation center. A descriptive survey method was used as the research method. The data were collected by a questionnaire. The population included all the 180 managers and staff members of the Islamic parliament library, museum and documentation center. Using a simple random sampling, 63 subjects were selected. The collected data were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings show that the average of four leadership criteria equals 11.91, continuous improvement equals 10.98, process approach equals 9.9, and staff contributions equal 9.2. Compared with the average of 12.5 and according to the standards assigned for the 5 items, the obtained indexes are lower than the average level. The average of the three indexes of the systematic approach to management equals 8.4, the real approach to decision making equals 9.10, and the mutual and beneficial relation with suppliers equals 7.64 which are lower than the normal level compared with the standard average assigned for the 4 items. Just the index of "user's attention" is equal to 12.4 which nearly amounts to the average of 12.5. From the test of the research hypothesis, it emerged that use of TQM in the library, museum and documentation center of the Islamic parliament is significantly low.Originality/ value: Regarding the poor and undesirable situation of the library, museum and documentation center of the Islamic parliament concerning the use of TQM, and in order to improve the current situation and achieve a desired level of fulfillment of a comprehensive system, this study offers some suggestions.

The purpose of this study is to review the importance of better protection and maintenance of single sheet paper works by investigating the s tandard way to frame these works in museums and libraries. Methodology / Approach: The present research is an analytical and comparative study. In this research, the researcher has benefited from laboratory study methods like instrumental analysis and field and library studies. Results show that the methods of const ructing the frames and the materials used in them directly affect the optimal protection of works and environmental management in museums and archives.