national library

In the era of digital transformation, libraries play a pivotal role in facilitating access to information. This research aims to develop a comprehensive framework for enhancing digital information dissemination services at the National Library and Archives of Iran. By addressing the limitations of existing studies, this work contributes to the field by offering a novel perspective on the essential components and indicators for effective digital information dissemination.

A mixed-methods approach was employed. The qualitative phase utilized meta-synthesis to identify potential components and indicators. Subsequently, a Delphi study was conducted to validate and refine these elements through expert consensus. The study population consisted of information dissemination experts, 16 of whom agreed to participate and were selected as members of the Delphi panel.

The Delphi study identified seven critical components: research documentation, information resources, collection development, standardization, information services, dissemination tools, and evaluation. Each component includes specific indicators essential for optimizing digital information dissemination services. Based on the data analysis, the components and indicators for digital information services were developed.

The results confirmed all identified components and indicators. This research provides a valuable framework for libraries to improve their digital services and meet evolving user needs. By implementing these components and indicators, the National Library and Archives of Iran can optimize its information dissemination processes and foster knowledge creation and innovation. These components and indicators assist libraries and information organizations in improving information dissemination and meeting the information needs of their users..

This research aimed to identify and review the priorities for formulating an exchange and donating policy for information resources between the National Library of Iran and European libraries. The resources will be compiled according to the cultural-linguistic characteristics of the destination regions and countries. The successful implementation of this project could pave the way for similar initiatives in other areas and countries. The current research, which values the expertise and insights of its participants, is classified as descriptive-survey research due to its nature and process. The statistical population has been selected from the following three groups: faculty members of the National Library of Iran, cultural consultants of the I.R. of Iran in European countries, and librarians working in donation and exchange units. Their role in shaping the future of cultural exchange is not just invaluable but crucial to the success of this project. In the first part, the background and importance of resource exchange from the middle of the 20th century and from the point of view of policymakers and important Western libraries were examined. From the point of view of the contributors, national libraries should be the first destination of selected resources. According to him, there is no significant difference between different countries and regions of the European continent in terms of interest in Iranian publications, and sending sources to them is equally important. According to experts, historical sources of Iran and illustrated books containing images of Iran are the first and second priority. Among the historical sources, the works related to the history of contemporary Iran, which refers to the period from the 20th century to the present, the history of ancient Iran, and the attractions and sights of Iran have been the most important. In Persian language and literature, the works related to the contemporary literature of Iran are the priority, followed by the classical texts of Persian literature and the texts of Persian language education. Also, from most respondents' point of view, contemporary Iran is the priority in all three mentioned areas. The research concludes that the exchange and donation of resources between the National Library of Iran and European libraries is not just an opportunity but a significant one. It's a chance to introduce Iran's rich culture and history to a broader audience. By strategically selecting resources that align with the formal priorities and subjects related to Iran's culture and civilization, the efficiency of this exchange can be significantly improved, inspiring similar initiatives in other areas and countries.

This research explains the technological requirements for the policy of acquiring and protecting digital resources in the National Library of Iran from the stakeholders' point of view. The stakeholders form the policy's three pillars: texture, content, and process; in other words, they play an active role in the policy-making process. This research was conducted in a combined process and three stages. In the first stage, the qualitative content analysis method of related documents and documents and the qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA were used to code the texts. At this stage, the research community included 29 Latin articles, 24 Persian articles and 17 national and international standards. After that, he benefited from the expert opinions of the specialist focal group. Then, the codes from the focus group meetings were combined with the codes from the texts, and 82 codes were finalized. In the following steps, the questionnaire to determine the priority of the codes was provided to the expert group of the Delphi panel using Pressline software, and their average was finalized. The findings in the category of technological requirements included four general axes. On the axis of preserving and disseminating digital national cultural heritage, three codes for setting up and managing a national system for protecting and accessing digital resources, using digital rights management technology, and using digital protection strategy. There are two codes on the axis of the application of digital standards: the application of the principles and functional requirements of records in digital administrative environments and the application of government security standards and requirements. In the axis of using user-friendly system facilities, the code of using adaptive technologies for access to the national digital system for people with sensory-motor impairments, and in the axis of using suitable infrastructural system facilities, two codes of the possibility of loading digital resources in the national digital system and analyzing the behaviour of users to improve services, they won the highest points in the national digital system. The results of this research show that in order to solve or reduce the challenges of protecting digital information resources, it is crucial to define and apply agreed standards between libraries or agreements with business organizations in the field of national heritage. The findings also underscore the importance of managing existing and future protection challenges by applying and using standards and suitable infrastructure system facilities comprehensively and in interaction with other similar systems in Iran. The high priority given to the codes of these two axes in the Delphi panel indicates their significance in creating a strong and reliable national system. The codes of these two access with more than 50% by creating a suitable and reliable platform, the portals of acquisition digital resources to the active form is launched and the digital heritage of Iran can be saved for the present and the future

Information dissemination is one of the most crucial services libraries and information centers provide. The increasing explosion of information, the necessity of keeping specialists up-to-date in various scientific fields, and the need to efficiently use users' time and resources underscore its importance. This research, which aimed to identify the components and indicators of digital information dissemination in the National Library and Archives of Iran, had the potential to affect the field of digital information dissemination significantly.

This qualitative research employed a meta-study approach using the comprehensive synthesis method based on the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). The research population included Persian and English articles relevant to the topic, retrieved from domestic and international scientific databases. 37 entirely relevant articles were selected for analysis through the critical appraisal skills program method. Content analysis and open and axial coding were used to analyze selected resources. The inter-coder agreement was calculated to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings

Based on the comprehensive synthesis's findings, seven components and 34 indicators and sub-indicators in the field of digital information dissemination were identified. The main components include research files, information resources, collection development, standardization, information dissemination services, dissemination tools, and evaluation.

The identified components and indicators provide a practical roadmap for enhancing digital information dissemination. The most significant achievement of this research is the development of a new information culture that can be used to assess the status of services in this area. These insights enable libraries to improve the quality of their services, enhance information dissemination, and expand knowledge dissemination. This research can be valuable for researchers, librarians, managers, and policymakers in the field of digital information dissemination.

 Policy-making based on research evidence is a management approach that is based on moving from the completely intuitive and unconscious spectrum to the scientific spectrum and considering all organizational capacities. Most of this scientific evidence has been obtained through academic institutions and research centers. Many countries of the world establish many scientific institutions and associations and employ a wide range of researchers to analyze and evaluate the results of academic research to align their decisions and programs with the latest research and scientific findings. Therefore, this research aimed to examine how to link the decisions and policies of the National Library and Archive of Iran (NLAI) with scientific and research evidence, to identify possible obstacles and solutions to overcome them. The current survey was conducted with an analytical approach. The main tool for data collection was a semi-structured interview designed via a questionnaire with open and closed questions. The research community and sample size were purposefully selected from among the employees of NLAI so that they have at least 15 years of work experience and a master's degree or higher. 164 people agreed and answered the questions. To measure validity, the questionnaire was provided to 5 librarians and experts in the field of evidence-based policy and management. To measure the reliability, 35 questionnaires were distributed and collected among the studied population, and then the reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha test. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (k-s), univariate t, and Friedman tests were used in the analyses. The employees believed that the use of data and research findings for decision-making and planning in specialized departments of the organization is necessary (4.25 on a scale of 5). To solve the work problems, they have faced so far, many employees (4 out of 5) have found the need to use scientific data and research evidence can improve their efficiency in performing specialized activities. On the other hand, they believed that scientific and research evidence is used less than average for decisions and planning at the macro-organizational level. NLAI planners and managers who want to avoid failure in decisions and programs should pay more attention to the use of scientific and research evidence. In this way, they can improve their knowledge and awareness of the consequences of uncertainty and risk reduction in the work field.

 Designing metadata ontology model for semantic representation of Theses by using the SPAR (Semantic Publishing and Referencing) Ontologies. This study was an applied form and two methods were used, Content Analysis and mapping. The metadata of 69 theses and dissertations on the National Library and Archive of Iran in three Databases: 1) Digital Library of National Library and Archive of Iran. 2) Rasa Software and 3) Ganj in the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology were selected modified and completed by mapping. On the other hand, by analyzing the entities of each SPAR ontology and suggesting another entity to the researcher, the checklist was formed. This checklist included classes, properties, and individuals. At last, by entering them into Protégé software version 5.5, the model of metadata ontology, MdOntTDs, was drawn. Findings identified deficiencies in the existence of four important metadata elements (subject, supervisor, advisor, and abstract) in RASA and NLAI Digital Library. Among the 18 SPAR Ontologies, the most entities were selected from FaBiO, FRAPO, and CiTO respectively. All entities of BiDO, BiRO, C4O, Fivestar, FR, FRBR, PO, PRO, PSO, and PWO were suitable for theses. 195 individuals from 6 SPAR Ontologies, 292 individuals labeled with MdTDs from theses, and 100 individuals labeled with SUNMdTDs were selected by the researcher and entered into the software. 1558 entities categorized by class, Properties (object, data, and Annotation), and individuals along with the description and definition of each entity were placed in the software, in the form of hierarchical and determining axioms for classes. And specifying domain and range for relationships. Finally, the RDF graph was drawn using the OntoGraf plugin, and the final Model, MdOntTDs was developed. this research has proposed three new types of metadata: 1) Except for the existing keywords, topics have been categorized and modeled up to three levels including 4 main categories, 16 subcategories, and many units. Each of these final topics has been related to “hasSubject” and “isSubjectOf” properties. 2) The research methods of Theses that were connected with “hasMethod” and “used in” properties. 3) The papers taken from Theses were also searched, as far as possible, and were connected with “hasJournalArticle” and “journalArticleOf” properties. This model, if implemented, can overcome keyword search limitations, the problem of linking and Data sharing on the web, and the inconsistency of data. In the software, classes and their related individuals are visible in the form of a hierarchical network in RDF triples, and the connection between entities with increasing access points promises deeper semantic searches. However, due to the absence or lack of tagged and linked data, usage of the some of selected entities is not possible.

The purpose of current research is to identify technical risks and threats to copyright protection of information resources in the systems examined in order to prevent the infringement of the rights of creators of information resources by identifying technical risks.

Current research is applied, and a qualitative approach was used to collect needed data. In the qualitative approach, according to the purpose and problem of the research, methods of documentary analysis, thematic analysis and Fuzzy Delphi were used. 11 specialists and experts participated in the Delphi panel and 6 experts for interview; and 7 information systems in the National Library were selected as research community. In data analysis, MAXQDA and Tableau software were used.

Using the thematic analysis method, 17 indicators were obtained in 8 components related to technological threats to copyright protection in the systems studied. Following confirmation and finalization of the checklist using the Fuzzy Delphi method, 16 indicators in 7 components related to technical risks were approved by experts.Deliberate employee sabotage, weak server resources, miscellaneous malware such as viruses, worms, etc., not having back up the main program, not having a mirror website (network security); Loss of equipment and infrastructure support (such as inability to develop software or loss of software support team); The weakness of DRM in duplication and long-term protection of works, the lack of DRM software in the systems, Lack of updated systems and problems in the construction of storage space (technical infrastructure); Use of clear watermark (copy control); URL tampering (digital protection); Not using authentication for all content sections and pages (authentication); Not define the copyright policy in the digitization process (rights metadata); Lack of quality control of digital content and lack of attention to the stages of digital object preparation (digitalization process) are among the effective technical threats in the studied systems. After identifying the indicators, in May 2023, the systems were evaluated from the perspective of technical risks to protect the copyright of information sources. The studied systems were placed in two groups, digital and bibliographic, according to the type of activity, their structure and function. The Digital Library system, Iranian Newspaper System (SANA) and Iranian Scientific Publications System are included in the digital category. Other systems, i.e., National libraries network, National document center network, Iran Publications database, Manuscript database are included in the bibliographic category. Bibliographic systems only provide bibliographic information and are considered a type of database. In general, the findings showed that none of the 16 technical risk indicators have been observed in the studied systems.

Paying attention to technical considerations to protect the copyright of information sources in the systems can be described as the basis of the development and expansion of the systems in the libraries.

The current research is practical in terms of purpose. In present study used a qualitative approach to examine and analyze the status of the Information Systems of the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI). Documentary analysis, Tem analysis, and Fuzzy Delphi techniques were used to collect data. The research community includes the Information systems of the NLAI and experts in the field of information technology. The Information Systems consisted of Digital Library system, Iranian Newspaper System (SANA), National libraries network, National document center network, Iran Publications database, Manuscript database, Iranian Scientific Publications System. Also, 21 people (10 people to interview and 11 people to Delphi techniques) was selected experts in the fields of information systems, digital libraries, copyright and technology. For data analysis, coding and categorization of concepts were used in the form of open coding for documentary analysis and Tem analysis. Qualitative data analysis was done manually and using the MAXQDA 2020 software. Also, descriptive survey was used to analyze the indicators in fuzzy Delphi method and calculations were done using Excel. Tableau 2018 software was used to display and draw indicators better.Therefore, using Tem analysis method, 70 indicators of preventive technical requirements were identified, and then these indicators were given to 11 experts, and after two rounds of the fuzzy Delphi panel, 69 indicators identify. These indicators included 12 components was carried out. Finally, indicators “Adobe Reader and other tools” was removed from the checklist. The use of different methods to collect technical indicators and the use of triangulation method gives credibility to the research. Network Security; standards and frameworks; Authentication; digital reading tools; digital preservation; payment systems; rights metadata; access control; copy control; License; Digital repository and transfer have formed 12 components of preventive technical requirements. Also, the findings of the research showed that digital and bibliographic systems were at a weak level in terms of taking advantage of preventive technical requirements for copyright. This study offered technical framework. Also, the use of technical requirements such as: look inside, the copyright of policy, rights metadata, development and updating of systems and communication and interaction with the software support company, METS standard and use of digital repository offered in the studied information systems.

Identifying the challenges of transliteration of non-Persian names into Persian in the Journal of National Studies on Librarianship and Information Organization and its compliance with the Reference Bank of Avanevesht of Latin Names. This study is applied in terms of objectives and qualitative research in terms of type, which was conducted using the content analysis method. The population included all non-Persian personal names from the 374 articles in the Journal of National Studies on Librarianship and Information Organization that have been studied during 2011-2019. In order to collect research data, firstly, all the non-Persian names used in the text of the articles of the journal along with their Persian equivalents were categorized and organized in the Excel application by period and year. A total of 5570 non-Persian names were retrieved, whose Persian equivalents were searched in the Reference Bank of Avanevesht of Latin Names. From the total of 5570 recovered non-Persian names, 58 records were removed from the statistical population due to being Persian, non-Persian names not matching with Persian transliteration, and finally, the remaining 5512 records were analyzed. Among the 5512 non-Persian names retrieved from the articles of the journal and their correspondence with the Reference Bank of Avanevesht of Latin Names, there were 3660 records in this bank, of which 2541 names (46.099%) correspond to the Reference Bank of Avanevesht of Latin Names have been correctly transliterated and the Persian equivalent of 1119 non-Persian names (20.301 percent) was inconsistent with the Reference bank of Latin names. Among the 1119 recovered names whose Persian transliteration was inconsistent with the Reference Bank of Avanevesht of Latin Names, there were cases that were transliterated in different ways each time. 16 non-Persian nouns are transliterated in 3-4 different ways. The most frequent names have been repeated 15 to 41 times, and in terms of nationality, Chinese and English nationalities have the highest number. The sources in the Reference Bank of Avanevesht of Latin Names for transliteration of the largest number of names, i.e. 1156 names (58.31%), are 1) the book, the list, and 2) special sources of pronunciation of names, and the lowest number, i.e. 35 names (0.96%), is 1) the author/translator of the work, special sources of pronunciation of names, and 2) the documentary maker. The findings of the research show that more than half of the recovered names in the Reference Bank of Avanevesht of Latin Names were read. According to the results of the Reference Bank of Avanevesht of Latin Names, the NLAI has the authority to transliterate non-Persian names. According to the results of the current research, the following suggestions can be considered for further investigations:Trying to use a uniform transliteration of non-Persian names into Persian; determining the theoretical, clear, and precise framework for the transliteration policy; to provide an introduction for researchers in the use of non-Persian names by the NLAI as the custodian of the Reference Bank of Avanevesht of Latin Names for the identification and possibility of introducing and widely using this bank and solving possible problems and inadequacies of this bank.

The purpose of this task is to identify both internal and external strategic factors for organizing book and non-book resources and to provide appropriate strategies based on the findings.

The research method was document study and survey. The research community included 10 experts from within the organization for brainstorming sessions and 40 experts from inside and outside the organization were purposefully selected to complete the questionnaire because of their experience and expertise. Data was collected through document-library study, brainstorming sessions, and researcher-made questionnaires and the data was examined with the help of a SWOT matrix.

The total score of internal factors was 3.5128 and external factors was 3.3886. The strengths of the book and non-book resource organization emphasize standardization and development of new organization tools for increasing quality and technological approach. Lack of attention to research achievements, technological limitations, quality challenges Standardization, and human resource problems are significant weaknesses. The governance position of the organization, access to up-to-date organizational tools, access to academic and organizational learning, legal deposit law, ease of use and user-friendliness of Rasa software; interaction and participation of users and beneficiaries of the organization are the most important opportunities. Budget, facilities, and technological Limitations, barriers to educational development, Poor users participating in organizing; the lack of an integrated strategy, issues and problems of experts' jobs, and ignoring the importance of organizing by senior management are the most important threats as part of our efforts to improve our services, we work closely with publishers and managers to implement new frameworks and formats. We also focus on organizing new types of resource formats and collaborating with scientific and research institutions. Additionally, we are developing tools and requirements for publishing bibliographic data in the semantic web, compiling ontologies, and migrating data to the linked data format. We continuously work on refining bibliographic data and Authority databases in Rasa software, and we give users the opportunity to participate in editing and correcting cataloging records. We have developed quality control guidelines and strengthened our National Organization Council and specialized committees. We aim to improve our governance position in the field of organization and continuously provide up-to-date training and development opportunities for our experts. We attend specialized conferences and events and pay close attention to human resources and working conditions. These are the important strategies we have proposed to improve our services even more.

Updating and improving methods of organization and tools to increase the dissemination and accessibility of data in the semantic web by creating linked data and developing ontologies, creating technology-related facilities and platforms for user participation and social organization, interaction with stakeholders such as users, scientific and specialized institutions, universities, etc. To synergize and share knowledge and facilities will develop the organization of the book and non-book resources. Development of expert training and conducting applied research and improving management will also increase the quality of this field. Finally, revitalizing and strengthening the National Organizing Council is an important strategy that can have an impact on the organizing in the organization and at the country level, with the NLAI as its center.

To measure the usability of finding aids in the form of search, author, topic and title fields in the software of National Library and Archives of Iran from the users' viewpoint of view.

The current descriptive research is practical in terms of purpose and has been carried out in a quasi-experimental manner. Data collection techniques included verbal reports (thinking aloud) and direct observation during tasks; a questionnaire was used to collect demographic information; the research community was formed by novice and expert users of the National Library and Archives. Users expressed their opinions after completing the tasks with a post-test survey.

The tools were more usable for expert users compared to novice users. Compared to expert users, novice users had more difficulty completing tasks due to a lack of familiarity with archive vocabulary and how to search in the software. About 60% of the participants easily completed the "search" and "author" fields. Although the most effective was related to the "author" field, its completion was unsuccessful among 10% of users. The lowest and highest time averages were related to the "Title" and "Subject" fields, respectively. Generally, the tools are usable for users and their usability can be increased through training and using the guide. At the time of data entry, terminology and user-friendliness of tools are important. Users perform their searches with usable finding aids and reduce the need for intermediaries.

identifying the challenges facing governmental publications in Iran to improve the situation and providing Executive Strategies for publishing management by looking at the publications of NLAI.

This research has been done by documentary or library method and in a "descriptive-analytical" method. By field studies and observation of documents and the publishing process of NLAI and based on the lived experience of authors, the challenges of publication were identified and then executive Strategies were proposed.

the challenges were: lack of bylaws and regulations, articles of association, guidelines and updated procedures, inactivity in the triangle or publishing foundations, lack of attention to market valuation, poor evaluation and monitoring, the lack of branding in catalogs and series of thematic publications, the lack of exports and presence in international markets, and the one-sided flow of works.

Updating the statutes and publishing regulations, fundamental changes in the policy, evaluation of pre-printed works, attention to quality instead of quantity, identifying audience, utilization of new technologies, Holding courses and workshops for publishing personnel, high competency of sales agents, use of radio and television capacity, price management of works, critique and review of works, thematic editingand outsourcing of production and distribution and especially the economic and profitability view are the only way out of the current situation.Value: This research opens up new horizons for the publications of governmental organizations, so that by deepening the challenges and the suggestions provided, they can act in the direction of optimal and competitive management of their publications.

Awareness of users' perceptions and interpretations of the information labels of the user interface of digital library of the NLAI. The present study was an applied research with a mixed method. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, interview, and observation. Through a exploratory method, participants were asked to spend considerable time and in-depth to examine the categories, elements, and labels used in the digital library website and to determine their understanding of the website labels in the online questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale. Then, the semi-structured interview technique was used to study users' perceptions and interpretations of the labels assigned to the elements on the website. The study population included users of the digital library of the NLAI, which was selected in two groups of novice users (clients) and advanced users (librarians) of 20 people (10 novice users and 10 advanced users). In order to validate the research results, Methodological angulation was used to increase the reliability of the research data. During this method, the researcher used several methods to collect data (using interviews with observation, exploratory study, and questionnaire), as well as all research strategies and steps with the necessary documentation at the time of data collection were recorded. Finally, after collecting the data, the researcher used the Member checking method. During this quality control process, the researcher asked the 7 participants to read the notes and the results of the data and express their opinion on the accuracy of the findings. Cronbach's alpha test (0.85) was used to ensure the reliability of the data collection tool and the possible problems of the questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the research data. Content analysis and Excel software were used to analyze the interview data. The results showed that the final average of comprehensibility of labels and terms used in the website is over 50% and indicates a good understanding of the terms and labels used in the website to represent information categories, but some labels need to be changed and updated. Some terms are not very understandable from the users' point of view and need to be revised, such as: "review", "quick look", "typical classification", "source registration", "legal considerations", "main site", "texts", "Periodical" and "Collection". The friendliness and user-friendliness of the words on the website, and the ban on the use of specialized, complex, and ambiguous words were among the demands of the users. New terms and labels were suggested by users. The use of specialized library terminology on the website, intangible and abstract words and lack of sufficient explanations about labels, lack of a comprehensive guide, going into more detail, complications on the website, and inconsistency in the use of words for similar concepts are some of the problems that cause the user does not have a good browsing experience.

 This paper aims at determining appropriate performance indicators based on the world’s national libraries and related ISOs. They are also chosen according to the NLAI’s experts comments based on Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM).

The present research is applied to the research purpose and uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical society includes 2 categories: first, performance indicators of the world's national libraries (Library of Congress, British Library, National Library of Australia, National Library of Spain, Swiss National Library, Library and Archives Canada, National Library of France, and National Diet Library) adopted via emails to their national libraries.The second is through 14 top level managers of NLAI selected by a purposeful sampling. The research tool to conduct a Fuzzy Delphi technique involve a checklist whose validity were recognized according to expert's opinion. The final checklist includes two categories of general and specialized questions. General questions include the demographic characteristics of the respondents. These questions include gender, age, organizational status, work experience, and level of education. Specialized questions that are the main part of the checklist and include 192 performance indicators in 11 dimensions (Building the national collection, Making the services accessible: Cataloguing, Making the services accessible: Quick and easy access, Making the services accessible: Usage, Making the services accessible: Digitization, Offering reference services, Building potentials for development, Preserving the collection, Managing efficiently, Research, and Library Standards Development).

In this study, out of 192 indicators, 32 indicators were selected view point of NLAI expert's. In the dimension of "Building the national collection" out of 20 indicators, 3 indicators were among the performance indicators selected by the experts NLAI.In the dimension of " Making the services accessible: Cataloguing" out of 12 indicators, 2 indicators; in dimension of "Making the services accessible: Quick and easy access" out of 17 indicators, 3 indicators;in dimension of "Making the services accessible: Usage" out of 53 indicators, 6 indicators; in dimension of "Making the services accessible: Digitization" out of 21 indicators, 5 indicators were among the performance indicators selected by the experts NLAI.In dimension of "Offering reference services" out of 10 indicators, 5 indicators; In dimension of "Building potentials for development"out of 28 indicators, 3 indicators; In dimension of "Preserving the collection" out of 9 indicators, 2 indicators; In dimension of "Managing efficiently" out of 14 indicators, 3 indicators were among the performance indicators selected by the experts NLAI.Also, from the other results of this research, it can be said that in the "Research" dimension, out of a total of 4 indicators, no indicators were selected from the perspective of NLAI's experts.In the "Library Standards Development" dimension, the two tasks of cataloging standards and digital and technology standards were selected by the organization's experts.2 proposed items (Number of newly provided bibliographic data to OCLC, and New number of offerings authority data to VIAF), which was not the responsibility of the National Library's review staff, but because of its global importance. They were questioned by experts, not selected by NLAI experts.

In this research, for the first time, the performance indicators of the national libraries of the world and the ISOs related to evaluation of performance of libraries in order to determine and select the performance indicators for NLAI were studied in a coherent manner.From the other results of this research, it can be said that among the 32 selected indicators to evaluate the performance of NLAI, a total of 8 indicators are related to the two ISOs studied (28118 and 21248); That is, 25% of the performance indicators monitored in this study are in accordance with ISO.As Maurice Line stated, "no type of library varies so much in nature, size, and types of media covered, range of acquisitions, functions and services. But what matters is that the responsibilities of national libraries can differ from country to country as they are ‘subject to political agendas which change, often more rapidly than for public or academic libraries.Accordingly, the need to develop performance indicators for national libraries according to their goals and tasks is a very serious issue. Therefore, it is suggested that NLAI use the performance indicators obtained from this study and compare the results and methods used with other national libraries to finally, with frequent reviews and monitoring, achieve a consensus on valid indicators.Finally, given that indicators are defined at the organization’s top levels organization, managers can rely on the findings of the research to appropriately use the indicators to show a clear picture of the performance of the NLAI, and also be effective in allocate resources, make plans and policies of national libraries and prevent potential costs.

the purpose of the research was to redesign the user interface architecture of the digital library website of the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI(using the Card Sorting method in order to improve the structure and the desired retrieval. The present study is an applied research that used a multifaceted approach and various techniques such as interviewing, Think-aloud protocol and Card Sorting to redesign the user interface architecture of the digital library website of the NLAI. EXCEL and VISIO software were used to analyze the data, and Sort Optimal tool was used to analyze the data obtained from the Card Sorting. The results were read in the form of similarity matrix and dendrogram algorithm. The statistical population in this study included users of the digital library website of the NLAI, who were selected in two groups of novice users (clients) and advanced users (librarians). In order to validate the qualitative findings, the researcher triangulation method was used. Findings of the research, model and results obtained from the Card Sorting test, for evaluation, were provided to 7 experts, researchers and professors of library and information science who had the necessary experience, to give their expert opinion in the field of data analysis.

Results The similarity matrix findings showed that users grouped elements such as "Ask Us", "Legal Considerations", "Resource Registration", "Resource Donation", and "Technical Support" and so on. The findings of the Standardization Network also confirmed that users have included 10 times "Ask Us", 17 times "Resource Registration" and 6 times "Technical Support" in the menu of electronic services. Dendrogram findings also showed that a number of contributors expect to be able to select "source type" if necessary next to the search box, rather than independently reviewing individual digital resources. Cart sorting process analyzes showed that in addition to predefined categories, some new categories were suggested. These included "links to other digital libraries", "shared databases" and the "FAQ" category. The data and performance of users in this study showed that the current user interface of the digital library website is not user-friendly and users cannot quickly get what they are looking for. The card-sorting process generally acknowledged inconsistencies in how users perceived the labeling and organization of digital library website content. Interviews and think-aloud protocols with users also confirmed that the language used to name menus and information elements is currently not simple and user-friendly. User categories in the card-sorting process for designing the user interface architecture also showed that there are elements in the website that users do not need, and conversely, there are important elements that are not included in the website. In the simulated information architecture, based on the findings of the interview and the participation of users in the Card Sorting process, an attempt was made to design the proposed user interface somewhat similar to other user interfaces (OPAC and Rasa software). In the proposed model, while paying attention to the demands and expectations of users, the simplicity of the pages, the most important point has been observed.

This research aims to create a data warehouse (Admitted to store and organize Documents) with data management Approach, strategic assessment of the views of senior managers, IT managers and heads of departments of the National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This is a type of research, and application of research methods, descriptive. The study population consisted of 30 patients (10 senior managers, 10 IT managers and 10 heads of groups), the National Library and Archives Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran and are 50 National Library and Archives of Iran’s users has been selected sampling method. Data is based on a Likert questionnaire has been developed. Validity and content validity and reliability with Cranach’s alpha coefficients of the views of senior managers by 82%, IT managers perspective with 74% and heads of groups perspective with 78% is estimated. Results indicate that the position of senior managers with an average of 5.35, IT managers with an average of 57.8 and heads of each class with the mean average 39.7 To create a data warehouse with the National Library and Archives of Iran's strategic management processes is positive. Structural communication between senior managers and IT managers plays an important role in implementing the data warehouse of the National Library and Archives of Iran. It is essential that the directors of the National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran to establish strategic data warehouse management approach and systematic actions necessary to comply with the principles and practice of the organization needs to take action. Creating data warehousing should be consistent with the organization's strategic management processes, missions, vision, and core objectives. It must also consider the long-term goals of the organization.

The current study presented the criteria for measuring the content of specialized books.

Current study used a library method as well as the perspectives of experts from large universities to gather needed data. It is categorized as a descriptive-survey research in terms of how data is collected. The statistical population of the present study is 2449 experts in the fields of humanities and behavioral sciences of the country's major universities. The gathered data was analyzed through a questionnaire using SPSS software. Descriptive indicators (frequency, frequency and mean) and inferential tests (Friedman) were used to analyze the data.

The present study indicated that from the point of view of experts in the field of humanities in top universities, publishing and publisher criteria, creator, translator, authored content, translated content, structure and appearance in evaluating and ranking specialized books in the field of humanities have an important and fundamental role.Because experts in comprehensive universities across the country have considered the component of "translation content" to be more important than other components, experts have valued the content of translation books more than any other, and it has been important for them to have the necessary criteria for evaluation. Translation content should be used in the ranking of specialized books. This could be due to translation problems in specialized books in the fields of humanities and behavioral sciences, which, despite the increasing quantity of these translations in the country, do not show much acceptable quality.

Conclusion:

 The result of the present study is to provide evaluation criteria that can be very important for both professionals and librarians to collect resources, resource ranking criteria can be useful for publishers to produce quality resources. Using the views of experts in the present study, it is possible to qualitatively rank the works by prioritizing the criteria by the experts in each field of knowledge. These rankings can help readers and researchers find higher quality resources, and librarians can help select and purchase higher quality resources if a large organization has ranked them. With the use of new tools, the speed of access to information may have improved, but the problem of finding reliable and quality resources remains strong, and ranking resources can play a role in solving this problem. Resource ranking criteria can also be useful for publishers to produce quality resources. These criteria can help readers and researchers to find better quality resources and help librarians to select and purchase better quality resources. Therefore, it is suggested that the organization that uses these criteria, in order to use each of the criteria in accordance with the policies of its organization, conduct a survey of relevant experts and adapt the criteria. It is suggested that the criteria be evaluated annually or in different courses by experts in the field or field. Finally, it is suggested that a study be conducted to identify the priorities of specialized books in engineering and experimental technical fields and the results of that research be compared with the present study.

According to previous studies, Iranian publishers generally do not comply with national legal deposit laws and regulations due to the shortcomings in such laws and regulations. The purpose of this research is to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the mentioned laws and make some recommendation for improvements.

20 Iranian legal deposit documents issued between 1905 and 2016 were reviewed using qualitative content analysis method. They were categorized and coded based on IFLA “Legal Deposit Framework” in MAXQDA software. To ensure the validity of the analysis two faculty members and two students aware of the subject reviewed and endorsed the codes. To rate reliability, the percentage of agreement was calculated.

Legal deposit rules and procedures in Iran are spelled out in several laws, regulations, ratified bills, and circulars. However, the term “legal deposit” has appeared only in one document while “Comprehensiveness” and “depository” exist in all the documents reviewed. The elements of “origin of the publication”, “depositor”, and “number of copies” to deposit are mentioned in 19. National Library and Archives of Iran is the depository in 13, and 2 copies of each publication as the minimum number to be deposited is mentioned in 16. The element “time of deposit” has appeared by the words like “immediately” or “after binding” in 9 documents. That leaves the actual time of deposit ambiguous. Free deposit has been mentioned in only 4 documents. Music scores, Iconographic material, online publication, and audio-visual material are not mentioned at all. Also, depositing appropriate accompanying material of online and offline electronic publication (e.g., software) is not addressed in the document relating deposit of electronic publications. No penalty for non-compliance is predicted in 19 documents studied.

The mere existence of legal documents for the deposit of publications shows that cultural custodians and librarians have been aware of the importance of collecting national publications. Now, there is a need to have a law for online publications too. Also, according to “Legal Deposit Framework” of IFLA, a law for legal deposit should include a penalty structure for non-compliance; something which is missed in the 19 documents reviewed. In addition, none have addressed access and copy right condition for deposited material. Since the main goal of legal deposit is to preserve national and cultural heritage of the nation and make them accessible now and in the future, in addition to ascertain the place of preservation and protective facilities and security, the law must address the issue of making copy from the deposited materials.

To evaluate the usability of the digital library of the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) based on user experience.

A heuristic mixed method (convergent parallel approach) was used. To evaluate the usability of the digital library, a multifaceted approach was adopted and various techniques were used, including usability test, questionnaires, interview, observation, and Think-aloud protocol.  Eight tasks were defined for users to identify their path, problems and challenges, their confusion in the path, and the so-called pain points and ambiguous words of the website. SPSS software was used for quantitative data analysis and MaxQda software for qualitative interview data analysis. The systematic observation was carried out using Faststone and Ocam softwares. Two groups including novice users (clients) and advanced (librarians) participated in the study. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the oCam collected from interviews. In order to validate the findings, the Methodological Triangulation method and Lincoln and Cuba criteria were used.

Paying attention to the average of tasks performed by novice users (clients) and advanced (librarians) showed that registering a new user account took the most amount of time (more than 6 minutes). The overall average difficulty and ease of completing tasks without separating the two groups of users showed that Task 5 with an average of 3.45 and Task 2 with an average of 3.35 were the most difficult tasks, while Task 8 with an average of 2.25, was the easiest. Feedbacks received from novice and advanced users about the usability of evaluation criteria of the digital library (satisfaction rate, ease of operation, ease of navigation, site attractiveness, layout of information elements, etc.) showed that some components did not receive the average score of 3. For example, organizing website information with an average of 1.70, and visually attractiveness with an average of 2.10 are not desirable from the point of view of advanced users. Monitoring the level of user satisfaction with NLAI’s digital library showed that only 30% of novice users and 10% of advanced users were satisfied with their performance on the website. Numerous problems and challenges were reported during the completion of the tasks defined for the users. These challenges include complexity of processes (complex resource search process; registration process complexity; and search fields), poor understanding of site tags and concepts, arrangement of site elements, redundancy and multiplicity of options, visual appearance of the site, inappropriate retrieval, technical issues, inconsistencies, collection, and access constraints, wasted user time, variety of resource formats, and digital resource display.

Comparing the means of the two groups of novice and advanced users indicates that advanced users spend more time performing their tasks. Paying attention to the unsuccessful attempts between the two user groups and comparing them with each other showed that the rate of unsuccessful attempts was higher among advanced users than novice users. Advanced users were more unsuccessful because of the strategies and perceptions they had of the search. They naturally tended to use advanced search instead of simple search. This perception led to an increase in the number of unsuccessful attempts, as the advanced search of the digital library was very confusing.

Due to the fact that library catalogs are often hidden in the invisible web, the purpose of the present research has been increasing visibility and findability of bibliographic records of Online Public Access Catalog’s (OPAC) of the NLAI. Also, SEO components (i.e. visibility, ranking and click through rate) were measured in Google before and after using the Google Search Console.  The research method is action research. Bibliographic records of NLAI Sitemaps were submitted to Google Search Console. Lewin's three steps (planning, execution and evaluation) were used to design the research steps.  Less than four months from submission, a fivefold increase (from 17948 to 90330) in indexing records was observed. During this period, 4% of URL sitemaps submitted to Google Search Console were indexed. This number is increasing daily. From the perspective of other SEO components (ranking and click-through rate), the ranking decreased from 7.8 to 8.6. Also the click-through rate decreased from 12.5% to 11.1%. The highest click-through rate was for desktop with 19.3%.  Click-through rate is calculated by dividing number of clicks by the number of impressions. As the number of impression of OPAC in Search Engine Results Pages increased due to the indexing of records, the number of clicks must also increase in order to achieve a high click-through rate. The click-through rate increases the OPAC’s NLAI ranking from eighth to first to third. By improving the infrastructure and addressing the problems with tags and meta tags, ranking could increase. Doubling the click-through rate on desktop compared to mobile phone is also a warning to the National Library of Iran to fundamentally changes its OPAC architecture. This structure was designed fifteen years ago and needs to be redesigned. Nowadays, to be mobile friendly is a highly important characteristic in Google rankings. The NLAI like other OPACs in the world, needs strategic and continuous planning for high visibility and ranking on the web