triple helix

The purpose of this study is to conceive the potential effects of universities on economic development that can be connected to input and output. The socio-economic environment of universities is analyzed. A quick review of the third generation and fourth generation development follows. In addition to education, research and utilization of knowledge, proactive, future-oriented economic development is also a goal regarding “Fourth Generation” universities. The indirect purpose of our study was to make the basis of a further research, thus the analysis of “Fourth Generation” universities – the confirmation or the denial of their existence – can be continued. As we emphasized in our study, the naming and topic of “Fourth Generation (Quadruple Helix)” universities cannot be considered scientifically proven unless mainly focus on the academic element of the Triple Helix model. As in this case the university can necessarily be a dominant actor regarding local economic development. It is true that the “leaps” between the first-second, and second-third generations are more dominant. However we are sure the discussion of fourth generation universities can advance our concepts and thinking in connection with university-oriented economic development, especially in less developed countries. As a result the connection between universities and industry strengthens, so there is an opportunity of the local utilization of knowledge created in universities, which increases the competitiveness of enterprises. We presented the diamond model of modern universities and introduced a virtual university model consisting of success factors that basically affect the competitiveness of the given region.

Altmetric is a complementary method of assessing the academic performance of individuals, organizations, institutions, and countries in social media. Due to the large volume of data related to the interactions in STI outcomes, there is no choice but to implement accurate models for analysis and decision making. The Quadruple Helix model examines the research outcomes in four spaces of innovation, knowledge, Consensus, and government with distinctive attention to the "innovation space". The present paper examined the impact of researches of D8 countries includes Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt, and Nigeria using Altmerics scores of their indexed journal in Clarivate Analytics. The results showed that researches in the medical sciences in all countries were strongly considered in social networks. However, researches from Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan got more attention in all media. The interaction of research based on four spaces of this model in Iran is limited to medical sciences and biology. Conclustion: As for the diversity of disciplines, Egypt (medical sciences, material engineering, information science, physics, biology, chemistry, and physics), and Nigeria (medical science, Psychology, agriculture, information science and computer science, biology and chemistry) were better compared to other countries. Moreover, Mandalay and Twitter were highly active and played an important role in interacting especially in two spaces of innovation and knowledge in all countries.

Institutions of science and technology system, as drivers of science, knowledge, industry and the market, always play a key role in Innovation Systems. Generally, three kinds of such institutions can be recognized: (i) Institution of science including universities and other higher-education institutions; (ii) Institution of technology such as science and technology parks, R&D units, research centers and knowledge-based enterprises; (iii) Institution of market in its wide meaning including industries, services and agriculture sectors. Considering each of these three institutions independently, we have analyzed their strategies based on the preferences of cooperating or non-cooperating through dynamic games with complete information. In order to solve this game, we have used the method of Subgame Perfect Equilibrium (SPE). As a result, we have shown modes of action, leading strategies, outcome of each strategy, Nash equilibria as well as sub-game equilibrium. Whole game is also shown in its extended and matrix form. Among several Nash equilibria, only one equilibrium was credible according SPE which is triple partnership between all institutions.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the triple helix (University- Industry- Government) and applied research projects by proving the existence of relationship between these two variables, as well as promoting the technical cooperation between institutions.
this applied science study investigated the mutual information between the triple helix (University- Industry- Government) and applied research projects indexed in the science policy research center affiliated to Samat, which is the best database for indexing applied research projects, using T (UIG) indicator. Also, scientific networks of the applied research projects were plotted to show the importance of some institutions, which are better to support.
According to the present study, there are some relationships between the triple helix and applied research projects, but these relationships are less than developed countries. Although there is no significant relationship between these two variables, investigation of triple helix can help applied research projects. Among the three institutions including Industry, Government, and University, the industry is the most important part, which promoting this part of the triple helix can improve applied research projects.

The aim of this research is to measure the synergy of knowledge based economy at provicinal and national levels of Iranian industrial firms as well as modeling the encountered synergy. The triple helix model of innovation systems among geographical, technological and organizational distributions of industrial fims was measured. A mong 87934 active firm’s documented in Iranian Ministry of industry, mine and trade, 46150 firms categorized based on NACE into high tech, medium-high tech and knowledge intensive sectors which formed our research community. Extracting the parameters affecting the synergy of KBE, was performed by forming a two-stage Delphi Panel using 12 experts of related fiels and hence 10 effective components were indentified. Then using the structured equations procedure, their relationship with KBE were designed as a comperhansive model. Our triple helix calculations showed that while TGTO at national level is negative (-0.005 bit), The correspounding values at provincial level are clearly positive for 23 provinces among all 31 provinces denoting unfavorite situations, among components in our proposed model, merely population and number of university students appear to have meaningful relations with synergy of industial firms.

Technological advances not only affiliated on the inner operation of industries, influenced by the interaction of firms with universities and other related organizations. In the knowledge-based economy, in order to technology development, cooperation three pillars, universities and research and development organizations, industry and government are emphasized and one of the policies of governments to strengthen the relationship between these elements, design and creat mediating institutions.
In this paper, types of models and theories of the relationship between academia and industry, including linear model of innovation, innovation system and triple helix are studied, evolution in the interaction of three institutions academia, government and industry in Iran in the form of the creation of intermediaries are examined, then, the main functions of intermediaries are identified, and with case analysis,"coordination center of science, industry and market", dominant Patterns and the functions of this mediator is analyzed.

The aim of this study is to investigate the flow of scientific production in Iran during 2007 to 2011. The triple helix model was used to assess the relationship between universities، industries and the government on scientific production process. Iranian scientific products in the three ISI citation databases of Science Citation Index (SCI)، Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Art and Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) during the abovementioned period was collected as the research population and the authors addresses were reviewed carefully to be used in TH model. ISI. exe and SPSS software were used for this purpose. The Triple Helix collaboration of University، Industry and Government was measured by mutual information (transmission T) derived from the Shannon’s formulas. The T-value here represented the uncertainty when the probability distributions were combined. Findings indicated that the number of papers written by Iranian authors increased steadily from 8796 in 2007 to 19876 in 2011. Among the three sectors، university researchers had the most participation Researchers from the industry sector had the lowest participation. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional collaborations were calculated too. The results showed that University-Government collaboration was much higher than the University-Industry or Industry-Government collaborations indicating that the gap between Industry and the two other sectors in Iran was significantly big. Government–University interactions had a better condition. This can be explained due to the supports that research organizations receive from the government. Unfortunately the T value is not high for the three dimensional collaboration of University، Industry and Government researchers. But by adding the foreign collaboration as the forth factor into the study، the results change a little and the collaborations between different sectors and foreign researchers increase in comparison with internal collaborations. It is clear that an ideal point in relations to different sectors of Triple Helix of university، industry and government is not possible overnight but requires a long- term strategic planning.