user interface

The present study aims to examine the visual, structural, and content characteristics of the websites of Persian-language journals in the field of information science and knowledge in Iran. This study employs a survey research method with a descriptive approach to assess the status of websites belonging to specialized journals in the field of information science and knowledge in Iran.

Data collection was conducted using a researcher-developed checklist tool divided into three sections: appearance criteria, structural criteria, and content criteria. The three-dimensional evaluation of the websites in question was conducted by the researcher, who directly referenced each journal's website and employed the observation method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.

The comparison of the three-dimensional features analyzed on the publications' websites revealed that they were in a desirable, acceptable, and satisfactory state, respectively, regarding their structural, content, and aesthetic components. The components of search links, including those found in general search engines, chat rooms, website advertisements, and the website's creation date, received the lowest scores among the structural elements. The lack of attention to the elements that facilitate searching within general search engines from the publication's website, the components that foster user interaction and incorporate their feedback into policymaking, and the factors related to building the audience's trust in the publication's credibility were significant weaknesses observed in the structural category of the publications' websites. In terms of content features, the lowest scores were attributed to the components of article titles in Arabic, article titles in other languages, and the acknowledgment of the sources of the website's content, all of which received no points. In the section on appearance features, items such as inserting a logo, noting title changes, and including a short title should also be considered. The lowest scores were attributed to the components of accompanying content, such as sound, video, images, photos, and charts, which were not present on any of the websites studied.

Websites serve as an effective tool for facilitating communication between publications and their audiences interested in education and research. In this study, we found that the websites examined are in a favorable condition regarding their structure and content, while their appearance is deemed acceptable. However, all three components reveal weaknesses that the publication's staff should address and rectify.

The article was carried out with the aim of evaluating the user interface of Persian web pages of Iranian museums

The research is of an applied type and it was carried out by a survey method of the type of Heuristic Evaluation. The statistical population of the research includes 10 museum websites under the supervision of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage of Iran. The research tool is the evaluation list based on the criteria found in the texts and sources including 10 main indicators and 103 sub-components. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman test were used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that among the 10 main indicators, the criteria of simplicity, error correction and user interface language scored 100%, 98.13% and 97.51%, respectively. The criteria of user control and search had the lowest compliance with the components of the evaluation list with 21.9% and 26.83%, respectively. Among the statistical population. Niavaran Museum site had the highest level of quality compliance with 71.71% and Iran Communication Museum had the lowest level of quality compliance with the evaluation list with 42.52%.

The results of the investigation of the research hypothesis showed that the studied museum sites differ in respect of user interface evaluation indicators, and the websites of the studied museums have acted differently in terms of compliance with the indicators. The results showed that the studied sites were able to score more than 50% on the criteria of guidance, information display, and guidance, but they scored less than 50% on the criteria of search, coherence, page design, user interface, user control, and error correction. Considering the role and importance of these criteria in increasing the satisfaction of users from the museum website, it is recommended to upgrade the existing situation by the custodians of the museum website under study.

The purpose of this study is to propose evaluation criteria for assessing the user interface of national digital libraries for Payam Noor University. Payam Noor University's libraries have long preserved human culture and civilization, playing a significant role in the transmission of this culture through generations. As the main organization for a country's libraries, they must adapt to modern responsibilities to impact the development of libraries and information in the nation. Given the significance of designing a suitable user interface and the role of digital libraries at Payam Noor University, there is a need for research in this area. The study compares the user interface of digital libraries at Payam Noor University or selected digital collections with established criteria, identifying the richest library in terms of user interface within the studied community. The research questions include:1. What is the status of each studied digital library regarding the 10 user interface criteria?2. How well do the studied libraries adhere to the 10 user interface standards?3. What is the best user interface recommendation for the digital library web pages of Payam Noor University libraries?

Methods and Materoal:

The research uses a survey and descriptive method. The Norozi checklist (2018), which comprises 10 main criteria and 114 sub-components, serves as the research tool. A Delphi panel and descriptive survey method evaluate the libraries. Data collection is achieved through direct observation and scoring each component on the desired web page. The statistical population comprises 10 digital libraries affiliated with Payam Noor University in various countries. The final list of libraries was selected from those with English web pages, found through searches in Europe, North and South America, Asia, and the Pacific. The study's statistical population includes 10 digital libraries in America, Australia, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Netherlands, Poland, Japan, India, and Italy. The research used the Delphi method and involved interviews with 10 experts. Some digital libraries with only the home page in English or in a non-English language were excluded. Similarly, certain cases, such as databases masquerading as digital libraries, were excluded as they did not meet the study's definition of a digital library.Descriptive statistical methods have been used to analyze the data of this research. The basis of data analysis was the check list, whose scores are based on yes (1) and no (0). Also, due to the quality of some of the sub-components, it was possible that the studied libraries did not comply with them equally, or in other words, absolute presence or absence could not be applied to them. Regarding these components, in addition to two levels of zero and one, 50% of the average score has also been used. The score obtained by each of the studied libraries in relation to each of the components is multiplied by the average of the coefficients obtained (weighted average) by the components from the Delphi panel. It should be noted that the weighted average of each of the components is given in the relevant tables in front of the sub-components related to each of the ten criteria. In the selection of tools, after reviewing the researches, the research of Norozi (2008) was chosen as the basis and it was adapted for the current research by using other researches. In preparing the desired list, he first extracted the most frequent criteria and components after studying the available texts and sources in this field, and then using the opinions of experts and using the method of list verification. This list was used for the present study because it was more complete and comprehensive in terms of the number of criteria to be evaluated and the components mentioned in the field of user interface of digital libraries.

In the first question, the issue was addressed to what extent is the status of each of the studied digital libraries in terms of the 10 user interface criteria. Out of 10 libraries under review, 8 libraries have managed to get more than 50% points. Digital Library of America with 598/68 points (70.42%), France with 573.56 points (62.09%) and Switzerland with 569.07 points (61.59%) are in the first three positions respectively. have The digital library of Italy is in the last place with 50.366 points (40.14%).In the second question, it was addressed to what extent each of the 10 criteria of the user interface is observed in the studied libraries. From the obtained information, it has been determined that among the 10 investigated standards, the standard of the user interface language has the highest level of compliance among the standards by obtaining 98.35% of the points of the standard. Another criterion that is in the next position is the criterion of simplicity. Compliance with the components of this standard also seems necessary in terms of facilitating the user's communication with the library in question. The criterion that has received the lowest possible score is the user control criterion, which has received only 6.70% of the score of this criterion. Due to the characteristic of digital libraries in eliminating human factors, there is a need for more consideration in this field. To answer this question, the average of all countries in compliance with each criterion is used.In the third question, it was discussed that what is the optimal user interface proposal for the digital library web pages for Payamnoor University libraries. However, by looking at the observed components, it is clear that most of the libraries have been successful in complying with the general criteria and most of the points obtained are related to the compliance with the general criteria that are of interest on the website pages and special attention is paid to the criteria that are in the scope of the duties of digital libraries. is not included due to the definitions. As seen in the previous questions, the standard of interface language has had the highest level of compliance. One of the reasons for observing the components of this standard in all libraries could be the fact that the language of these countries is not English, and for this reason, for the convenience and interaction of the user, we have tried to observe the writing notes related to the pages. Also, observing the writing points and brevity of the sentences is one of the important and main categories in the design of web pages. A successful digital library is a library that, despite the complexity of its system, can provide information to users simply and with the least amount of time. Also, by providing different options and facilities, it makes the user unnecessary to go to the library and provides the maximum amount of information for his community. More than half of the studied digital libraries, in the design of their user interface, have observed the evaluated criteria at a level of more than 50%, which should be taken into consideration by the digital libraries of Payam Noor University.

Digital libraries should be able to improve and accelerate information access methods. The existence of various components of search functionality facilitates this possibility. The existence of different search capabilities is effective in more user interaction. The interaction steps should be in such a way that the loading of the memory is low and short. Due to the fact that the information society is developing rapidly, the time validity of the information may also change rapidly, so one of the important things is to mention the date of updating on the pages of digital libraries. The non-activation of library links is another reason for the library not being up-to-date. Therefore, it is recommended to include the update date on all pages. One of the characteristics of digital libraries is self-service expansion, so appropriate library guidance helps in this goal. Another feature of digital libraries is the elimination of human factors. As a result, it is necessary to have options to ask the librarian. The digital library should be able to provide appropriate guidance to users to enable them to obtain the information they need in the desired formats. The use of a suitable combination of color, font, shading options to distinguish them from nearby options, the use of clear images and symbols, etc., all affect the user's understanding of the system, which has been observed relatively well in the studied libraries. But some options require more attention. Determining mandatory information entry fields allows the user to easily get the desired results, which, based on the findings of this research, has not been observed by any of the libraries. The use of graphics, sound and images is effective on the user's understanding and makes the environment more enjoyable. Personalization, because it identifies the user's needs and successfully solves them, establishes a satisfactory relationship between the user and the system, so in the design of digital libraries, one should be taken into account Users of a computerinformation system may be different in terms of physical and cognitive abilities, personality characteristics and cultural factors, and these differences should be considered in the design of user interface elements and features so that different groups of users can be satisfied with the computer system. None of the mentioned cases have been taken into consideration in the interface design of the studied libraries, which requires more consideration. Error correction criteria, although they are important for the user's interaction with the system and reducing the user's error during work, are very few in the interface design of the libraries. study, have been considered. The method of writing, announcing and designing error messages to attract the user's attention should be taken into account, considering the elimination of human factors.Users turning to the Internet due to the lack of enough time to visit libraries was one of the reasons for creating digital libraries. Digital libraries have facilitated and accelerated users' access to the required information in order to provide various facilities. But what realizes this goal is a suitable architecture and design in creating a digital library. If the needs of users, the type of society and other factors are taken into consideration in the design of digital libraries, it can be said that the library will reach the desired goals. Due to the fact that in the design of digital libraries, the discussion of user interface is very important in order to eliminate human factors, digital libraries should consider the features related to the user interface in their design. Due to the importance of this discussion, the user interface of different digital libraries need to be continuously evaluated. The present research also aimed to investigate this issue by: "Evaluating the user interface on the English web pages of selected national digital libraries based on the criteria found in the texts and sources". Conducting the research needed criteria so that the evaluation could be done through it. After examining the history related to the research in the field of digital library and user interface, it was observed that despite the studies conducted in the field of user interface, these studies were not conducted in a complete and comprehensive manner and different researchers each have only one or a limited number of criteria. had investigated in the field of different information systems. The only comprehensive work done was Norozi's doctoral thesis (2008) and the researcher finally decided to use his model in the current research. Then, all 114 desired components were evaluated by direct observation on the web pages of the libraries under review. By looking at the observed components, it is clear that most of the libraries have been successful in complying with the general criteria and most of the points obtained are related to the compliance with the general criteria and more than half of the national digital libraries under study, in the design of their user interface, have evaluated the criteria. At a level of more than 50%, it is suggested that the digital libraries of Payam Noor University also use these criteria for more success. Based on the findings of the research, in order to improve the user interface of digital libraries, suggestions are provided for Payam Noor libraries:1. In addition to observing the general components of the search, it seems necessary to observe the specific components such as proximity search, related keyword suggestion, marking of the search results, in order to save the user's time. And this should be seen in the libraries of Payam Noor University.2. The existence of the site map facilitates the use of the library for the user.3. Information display criteria should be given more attention in order to make system information accessible.4. Reducing the time spent by the user and attracting and maintaining the user need attention. Users expect the elements on the first page to be important, so the existence of a site map, and access to pages with many visitors, are among the necessities.5. In the design of the user interface of digital libraries, in addition to the criteria that are considered in the design of public websites, special criteria should be given special attention.

The purpose of the present study was to know the accessibility of library websites based on the extracted indices of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the usability of these websites based on the experiences of visually impaired users.

The current research was applied in an evaluative way with a checklist tool and a formal usability test. In this research, library websites were first evaluated based on the 2018 edition of the W3C accessibility index checklist, and then through exploratory observation of visually impaired users and a formal usability test by defining real tasks (3 tasks) in library websites, the accessibility status and their usability was evaluated. In this research, the user interfaces (digital library, OPAC and virtual reference) of the National Library and Archives of Iran; Organization of Libraries, Museums and Documents Center of Astan Quds Razavi; Library, Museum and Document Center Islamic Consultative Assembly and the Central Library and Document Center of Tehran University were studied as prominent libraries in the country. The research population was 33 visually impaired users who were selected from different provinces of the country using a targeted sampling method. Empirical data (i.e. successful task completion, working time, satisfaction level) were collected using a questionnaire and with the help of a formal usability test. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The reliability and validity was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Content validity.

The findings showed that the websites are accessible to a large extent based on the extracted indices of W3C, but they are not easy to use. In the current research, the most time was devoted to using OPAC to search for resources. Of course, few users could navigate library websites without help. Despite some guidance, some users were unsuccessful in completing the assigned task. The feedback received from users about the dimensions of usability of library websites showed that some users rated the ease of use of library websites as optimal (4/39) and others said it was inappropriate (3/27). About one-third of users were dissatisfied with their performance in using library websites and rated the time spent on task progress as unfavorable.

Vision-oriented design and complex structures make library information retrieval systems unusable for information seekers with visual impairment. In order to design accessible and usable websites, data from the real feeling of users about library information retrieval systems is necessary. The final results indicate that with the usability test, it is possible to solve the created usability problems, and the output of this work leads to better user interaction and improvement of the user interface.

The article aims to identify and prioritize indicators for evaluating the accessibility capabilities of the user interface in virtual education systems.

In step 1, to identify the evaluation indicators from the indicators listed in ISO 9241, a localized checklist was prepared by the virtual education systems inside the country. Then, using the Fuzzy Delphi method and the opinions of experts from the higher education system of Iran in the field of accessibility of education and e-learning systems, the identified indicators were modified and finalized. In the next step, these indicators were prioritized using the BWM method from the point of view of experts, and their importance was determined.

The final framework of indicators for evaluating the accessibility capabilities of the interaction environment (user interface) of virtual education systems was compiled and prioritized in four general indicators (general guidelines and requirements, inputs, outputs, support services, help, and online documentation) and 24 sub-indices. For this purpose, LINGO software was used. Based on the findings of the research, the component "Compatibility with accessible technologies" won the first rank among all sub-indices. The component "online documentation" was ranked second and "setting accessibility levels" was ranked third. The last rank (rank 24) was awarded to "Camera".

There is no consensus on the standard framework for evaluating the accessibility of virtual education systems. The review of the conducted research showed that there is a research gap in the field of not comprehensively identifying and presenting a comprehensive and coherent picture to evaluate the accessibility of the interaction environment in virtual education systems and it was concluded that to improve the use of virtual education systems, identifying and prioritizing the factors It is necessary to evaluate the accessibility of virtual education systems. The innovation of this article is to provide a comprehensive framework for identifying and prioritizing the accessibility evaluation indicators of the interactive environment in virtual education systems localized for the country. The internet speed in Iran is not high and turning on the camera during virtual classes due to the high volume of the internet it consumes causes disconnection and communication between them. The statistical community of the research was aware of this fact, therefore, according to the existing conditions, they assigned the least weight to this index.

Awareness of users' perceptions and interpretations of the information labels of the user interface of digital library of the NLAI. The present study was an applied research with a mixed method. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, interview, and observation. Through a exploratory method, participants were asked to spend considerable time and in-depth to examine the categories, elements, and labels used in the digital library website and to determine their understanding of the website labels in the online questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale. Then, the semi-structured interview technique was used to study users' perceptions and interpretations of the labels assigned to the elements on the website. The study population included users of the digital library of the NLAI, which was selected in two groups of novice users (clients) and advanced users (librarians) of 20 people (10 novice users and 10 advanced users). In order to validate the research results, Methodological angulation was used to increase the reliability of the research data. During this method, the researcher used several methods to collect data (using interviews with observation, exploratory study, and questionnaire), as well as all research strategies and steps with the necessary documentation at the time of data collection were recorded. Finally, after collecting the data, the researcher used the Member checking method. During this quality control process, the researcher asked the 7 participants to read the notes and the results of the data and express their opinion on the accuracy of the findings. Cronbach's alpha test (0.85) was used to ensure the reliability of the data collection tool and the possible problems of the questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the research data. Content analysis and Excel software were used to analyze the interview data. The results showed that the final average of comprehensibility of labels and terms used in the website is over 50% and indicates a good understanding of the terms and labels used in the website to represent information categories, but some labels need to be changed and updated. Some terms are not very understandable from the users' point of view and need to be revised, such as: "review", "quick look", "typical classification", "source registration", "legal considerations", "main site", "texts", "Periodical" and "Collection". The friendliness and user-friendliness of the words on the website, and the ban on the use of specialized, complex, and ambiguous words were among the demands of the users. New terms and labels were suggested by users. The use of specialized library terminology on the website, intangible and abstract words and lack of sufficient explanations about labels, lack of a comprehensive guide, going into more detail, complications on the website, and inconsistency in the use of words for similar concepts are some of the problems that cause the user does not have a good browsing experience.

This research aims to systematically review the studies conducted on the issue of search query formulation behavior in children and adolescents in order to identify the obstacles and search formulation solutions. This research was conducted with a systematic review method based on the list presented in the research of Xu, Kang & Song (2015). For this purpose, studies in the field of query formulation in children and adolescents were identified in Persian databases and reliable English databases. Finally, 2 Persian and 45 English studies were selected to do the final review and answer the research questions. The results showed that in the process of formulating the search query of children and teenagers, poor spelling, lack of typing skills, low domain knowledge, limited vocabulary, low cognitive ability, lack of skill in evaluating and selecting the retrieved results, relying on overview search, using natural language keywords, inability to use logical operators, weakness in re-formulating queries, low ability in complex tasks are the most important obstacles and problems faced by children and teenagers in formulating search queries. Designing a suitable user interface for children and teenagers by using visual and audio interfaces, spelling control tools, and query suggestions and teaching children and teenagers how to use the user interface and formulating search queries are presented as solutions to remove the obstacles in formulating search queries. Considering the extensive studies that have been conducted in the field of search query formulation in children and adolescents worldwide, and considering the linguistic, cultural, and media literacy differences of Iranian children and adolescents, it is necessary to conduct these studies in Iran as well. It seems that before teaching the use of user interfaces and digital media literacy to this group, it is essential to know the query formulation behavior of Iranian children.

The present research has evaluated the accessibility capabilities of the user interface environment of virtual teaching systems

The research is of an applied type, which was carried out by a survey method of the type of revelatory evaluation. The statistical population is six virtual & real time teaching systems "Adobe Connect, sky room, Skype, Big Blue Button, Google Meet, Gharar". The research tool is the localized evaluation list corresponding to the virtual teaching systems inside the country in accordance with the evaluation indicators listed in ISO 9241, which indicators have been identified and prioritized using B.W.M. In order to answer the research questions, descriptive statistics and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) model decision making method were used. In this method, the points obtained from the evaluation of each software in each index were multiplied by the B.W.M. weighting coefficient determined for each index and based on the result, the user interface environment of the virtual teaching systems was compared with each other in terms of accessibility features. The research hypotheses were examined through the Kruskal-Walli’s test.

After examining the accessibility features of the user interface of the studied virtual teaching systems, it was determined that Skype, Adobe Connect, Big Blue Button, Sky room, google Meet, respectively, and according to the features related to the accessibility has been ranked first to sixth. No significant difference was observed between of compliance with the evaluation indicators of the accessibility capabilities of the interaction environment (user interface) of the virtual education systems in four general indicators in the systems. The highest mean of compliance with the level of accessibility related to pointer tools and compatibility with assistive technologies and the lowest mean of compliance with the level of accessibility related to keyboard input were detected in the studied community

By using the findings of the present research, we can get a clear vision of the existing reality of the possibilities of virtual teaching systems. The findings of the present research are a guide for the selection and use of the mentioned systems for teachers, officials and managers of education centers. Therefore, conducting this research is necessary to explain the future horizons and it is hoped that it will have a significant contribution to improve the virtual education situation in the IRAN and the results of the research findings can be effective in improving the accessibility of these systems and educational institutions.

the purpose of the research was to redesign the user interface architecture of the digital library website of the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI(using the Card Sorting method in order to improve the structure and the desired retrieval. The present study is an applied research that used a multifaceted approach and various techniques such as interviewing, Think-aloud protocol and Card Sorting to redesign the user interface architecture of the digital library website of the NLAI. EXCEL and VISIO software were used to analyze the data, and Sort Optimal tool was used to analyze the data obtained from the Card Sorting. The results were read in the form of similarity matrix and dendrogram algorithm. The statistical population in this study included users of the digital library website of the NLAI, who were selected in two groups of novice users (clients) and advanced users (librarians). In order to validate the qualitative findings, the researcher triangulation method was used. Findings of the research, model and results obtained from the Card Sorting test, for evaluation, were provided to 7 experts, researchers and professors of library and information science who had the necessary experience, to give their expert opinion in the field of data analysis.

Results The similarity matrix findings showed that users grouped elements such as "Ask Us", "Legal Considerations", "Resource Registration", "Resource Donation", and "Technical Support" and so on. The findings of the Standardization Network also confirmed that users have included 10 times "Ask Us", 17 times "Resource Registration" and 6 times "Technical Support" in the menu of electronic services. Dendrogram findings also showed that a number of contributors expect to be able to select "source type" if necessary next to the search box, rather than independently reviewing individual digital resources. Cart sorting process analyzes showed that in addition to predefined categories, some new categories were suggested. These included "links to other digital libraries", "shared databases" and the "FAQ" category. The data and performance of users in this study showed that the current user interface of the digital library website is not user-friendly and users cannot quickly get what they are looking for. The card-sorting process generally acknowledged inconsistencies in how users perceived the labeling and organization of digital library website content. Interviews and think-aloud protocols with users also confirmed that the language used to name menus and information elements is currently not simple and user-friendly. User categories in the card-sorting process for designing the user interface architecture also showed that there are elements in the website that users do not need, and conversely, there are important elements that are not included in the website. In the simulated information architecture, based on the findings of the interview and the participation of users in the Card Sorting process, an attempt was made to design the proposed user interface somewhat similar to other user interfaces (OPAC and Rasa software). In the proposed model, while paying attention to the demands and expectations of users, the simplicity of the pages, the most important point has been observed.

The purpose of the study is to explain the hand movement ability to interact with the user interface of websites.

 This research is an applied research. The research method is qualitative. The population studied in this research is library resources including 2 books and 14 articles, which were selected and used by available sampling method until theoretical saturation. The method of data analysis using source analysis is analogous to the coding method. The collected data has been analyzed with MaxQDA software. 

Based on the findings, 18 features and 3 basic concepts were extracted from the analysis of 9 propositions. Individual concept (7 features of ease of use, satisfaction, user-friendliness, low cost, tendency to use more, adaptability, psychological control), functional concept (9 features of usefulness, recognition of interaction, understanding ability, computer processing capability, performance coverage necessary for data recovery, minimal need for hardware devices, the ability to be used on the same level as interface equipment, input of movement commands, the ability to recognize hands) and the concept of support (2 features of support programs in the computer for better interaction, optimizing the relationship between processes Cognitive and physical user).

The ability to move the hand is one of the great points and the ability to interact with the user interface of websites, which is symmetrical with the eye ability to interact with the user interface of websites, it has the ability to design and study more deeply inside the country. Noticing huge capacity of information, needs of users, acceleration in getting comprehensive and useful information in Iran, effective hand mobility to interact with intermediate users of websites have always been valuable and noticeable to be designed by experts.

The user interface is the first point of contact with a website. If the content of the website, especially its textual and graphic symbols, does not match with the ability of users to comprehend it, they will probably leave the website. This research has measured comprehensibility of the textual and graphic symbols used in the user interface of a portal designed for children and young adults.

The statistical population included 600 children and adolescents active members in three centers belong to the Institute for Intellectual Development for Children and Adolescents (IDCA) in Birjand (Iran). A randomly selected sample of 115 through a non-relative stratified method answered the researcher-made questionnaire, prepared after examining theoretical and research literature as well as examining user interface environments of children's portals. In the present study, the standard vocabulary of IDCA thesaurus was used to prepare a text-by-text questionnaire. The portal examined was “koodak24”.

The ability of children and adolescents to identify the textual and graphic symbols of the child portal was more than optimal. But their ability to combine symbols was variable (the significance level in the above test is equal to the value of 0.000 and smaller than the value of 0.05). Also, there was a difference in identifying textual and graphic symbols between different age groups (P<0.05). There is a significant difference between the two age groups (10 to 12) and (14 to 16) years, and the average ability to identify graphical symbols of the user interface in the age group of 10 to 12 years is 71.82 and this average in the age group of 14 to 16 years is 76. there was no difference between the ability of girls and boys to identify textual and graphic symbols.

The words used in the portal for children and adolescent are simple, understandable and standard. If the mental and cognitive abilities of children and teenagers as well as their needs are taken into account in designing the user interface, it will be easy and attractive for children and adolescent to identify the graphical and textual symbols of the user interface and use different parts of websites.

To evaluate the usability of the digital library of the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) based on user experience.

A heuristic mixed method (convergent parallel approach) was used. To evaluate the usability of the digital library, a multifaceted approach was adopted and various techniques were used, including usability test, questionnaires, interview, observation, and Think-aloud protocol.  Eight tasks were defined for users to identify their path, problems and challenges, their confusion in the path, and the so-called pain points and ambiguous words of the website. SPSS software was used for quantitative data analysis and MaxQda software for qualitative interview data analysis. The systematic observation was carried out using Faststone and Ocam softwares. Two groups including novice users (clients) and advanced (librarians) participated in the study. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the oCam collected from interviews. In order to validate the findings, the Methodological Triangulation method and Lincoln and Cuba criteria were used.

Paying attention to the average of tasks performed by novice users (clients) and advanced (librarians) showed that registering a new user account took the most amount of time (more than 6 minutes). The overall average difficulty and ease of completing tasks without separating the two groups of users showed that Task 5 with an average of 3.45 and Task 2 with an average of 3.35 were the most difficult tasks, while Task 8 with an average of 2.25, was the easiest. Feedbacks received from novice and advanced users about the usability of evaluation criteria of the digital library (satisfaction rate, ease of operation, ease of navigation, site attractiveness, layout of information elements, etc.) showed that some components did not receive the average score of 3. For example, organizing website information with an average of 1.70, and visually attractiveness with an average of 2.10 are not desirable from the point of view of advanced users. Monitoring the level of user satisfaction with NLAI’s digital library showed that only 30% of novice users and 10% of advanced users were satisfied with their performance on the website. Numerous problems and challenges were reported during the completion of the tasks defined for the users. These challenges include complexity of processes (complex resource search process; registration process complexity; and search fields), poor understanding of site tags and concepts, arrangement of site elements, redundancy and multiplicity of options, visual appearance of the site, inappropriate retrieval, technical issues, inconsistencies, collection, and access constraints, wasted user time, variety of resource formats, and digital resource display.

Comparing the means of the two groups of novice and advanced users indicates that advanced users spend more time performing their tasks. Paying attention to the unsuccessful attempts between the two user groups and comparing them with each other showed that the rate of unsuccessful attempts was higher among advanced users than novice users. Advanced users were more unsuccessful because of the strategies and perceptions they had of the search. They naturally tended to use advanced search instead of simple search. This perception led to an increase in the number of unsuccessful attempts, as the advanced search of the digital library was very confusing.

The aim was to evaluate Skyroom’s user interface, and to find its strengths and weaknesses.

The study was an applied one. To evaluate the user interface, the heuristic method was used. In a heuristic study, 3 to 15 experts evaluate the user interface. In this study, 10 software expert evaluators from the Computer Center of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) evaluated the Skyroom's user interface based on Nielsen criteria. Data collection tools included a checklist and a researcher-made questionnaire based on Nielsen’s ten criteria. In the study, after the checklist filled in by the researchers, and the questionnaire were filled in by the experts, an interview was conducted with them through Skyroom program. Its strengths and weaknesses were revealed in the interview.

In the study, 12 major strengths and 17 major weaknesses were revealed in the Skyroom's user interface. The findings also showed that 66% of the criteria were met, but the severity of compliance with the criteria was 2.61 out of 5, which was at a moderate level with 95% confidence. Also, its user interface had a fundamental problem in the criteria of “error prevention (error correction)”, “flexibility and efficiency of use” and “documentation”, as well as "limiting the choices", "offering a choice", "creating history and content previously visited", "having shortcuts for professionals", "teaching shortcuts for newcomers to learn" and so on, and needs paying more attention.

According to experts, the problems explored can be problematic for the program and may also cause user boredom, confusion and ultimately their non-use. Therefore, it is recommended that Skyroom developers solves the explored problems.

Since information search behaviors are a reflection of the needs of users, it is important to identify and understand them in the design of the proper user interface. Therefore, the purpose is to determine the level support for environment of the user interface of databases from the Meho and Tibbo model.

This is an applied research. The method was performed using Webometrics with an Heuristic Evaluation Method. The statistical population consisted of 100 Ph.D. students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and a census sampling method. Data Collection tools the check list consists of four elements derived from the Meho and Tibbo model.

showed, Support the user interface for the Science direct and Clinical Key databases in Meho and Tibbo model is higher than the average (2.08, 07.07) (2).The interface environment support for the Sprinter has been reported to be modest (2/01) and the Wiley is less than average (1.79). The ranking of the support these Databases from the model showed that, the Databases Science Direct, Clinical key, Springer, and Wiley won the first to fourth place with a score of 2.91, 2.84, 2.55, 1.71., the database user interface support for the Meho and Tibbo models is moderate.

the use of these elements in the design of the interface environment can have a great impact on the optimization of the interface of the database.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate and to rank the usability components in OJS, Sinweb, Yektaweb and Neoscriber3 journal management systems, as well as to observe each component Measure on each system separately. The survey population consists of users of 4 most used systems such as Sinaweb, Yektaweb, and Neoscriber among 13 OJS at Iranianmedical sciences universities. Evaluation of each interface was based on 4 layers of editors, reviewers, authors, and regular users. Four layers were selected for each system and 5 users for each layer in each system. In total, 80 users completed the research questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The results shown that the consistency component in Sinaweb system was lower than Yektaweb, OJS and Neoscriber 3 systems, while it was not significantly different in the other three systems. The flexibility average of the systems interface was below middle, the user guidance average of the systems was in the middle and other areas were above average. However, averages showed that consistency of Yektaweb is more than neoscriber3 and then neoscriber3 is more than OJS. Also, there were no significant differences between the four systems in other components including compatibility, flexibility, learnability, minimal action, minimal memory load and perceptual limitation. From the userschr('39') point of view, it seems that the most attention is in the components of compatibility and consistency, and the least attention is in the components of flexibility and user guidance among the journal management systems studied. Also, the most important weaknesses include direct manipulation and apply settings in the system, lack of use of shortcuts and replacements keys and etc. and the strengths, including the use of consistent icons on different pages, familiarizing users with concepts and terms used in the system and etc. These strengths and weaknesses make it easier to select the appropriate systems for other scientific organizations and centers. Weaknesses can also be developed by system administrators and technical teams to gain desirable usability and find ways to attract the attention of other countrieschr('39') journals as well as internationalization. Moreover in this study, a new tool (not using in Iran) was introduced to be used in similar studies by librarians and system managers to select various kinds of information systems based on the applicability criteria.

The aim of this research is to consider the most important criteria of user interface of Digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired from standpoint Blind digital librarians.

A researcher-constructed questionnaire was used for the survey. It was administered to Blind digital librarians currently employed by the blind digital libraries in Iran.

Results of the study showed that ''different formats of library resources" and "Ability of organizing the screen" in sequence gained the highest and lowest score. Although the difference among of criteria's were low and according to the Delphi panel using them in the design of digital Libraries providers' services to the visually impaired user interface offered. It was hope that the results of this study could present needed features and their importance in designing in digital Libraries providers' services to the blind and visually impaired user interface. On the other hand, it could be used as a tool for the determination of capabilities of digital Libraries providers' services to the visually impaired user interface from librarians, experts and their user's opinion.

To explore the concept of UX in the context of libraries.

To find literature about UX in libraries, we searched in online databases; along with we used cite tracking to enrich the results.

Findings illustrated that how UX studies with focus on qualitative approach meet user needs and provide better interaction with library space, services and website.

User experience is an emerging trend with similar philosophy of libraries mission statement. It will likely continue to grow as a recognized specialty within the librarianship profession. Librarians can learn UX methods to devise more innovative ways for meeting the user needs in all library system.

This study aims to examine the UI of 13 web-based Scientific social Networks in
order to determine their conformity with the general and specific User interface criteria.

The user interface has been evaluated by using a checklist (including 12
criteria and 93 components). The research community consists of thirteen social Science
networks.

Based on the mean scores obtained from the general user interface criteria,
it seems that the scientific social network of Eaglei has the highest score, and the Sciencv and
PubMed are respectively ranked the second and third place among these scientific social
networks. Research gate has gained the highest score in matching Scientific social networks
with specialized criteria, and Citeulike and Growkudos are respectively ranked the second
and third.

The results of the research show that scientific social networks have a
very much proper status in terms of adherence to the general criteria and components.
However, in accordance with the specialized User interface criteria and components, it is
possible to imagine a good situation for scientific social networks.

This research, investigated the user interface of National Library of Iran .The aim was to identify degree of match between user interface of National library of Iran with Nielson's model. The research method is qualitative applying the Heuristic evaluation method. A researcher-made Questionnaire was used for this survey. The research target population includes 36 cases of library and information professional .The data analysis showed that degree of match between interface of National library of Iran with Nielson's model is generally above average with some weak points in this website .The following is the results in accordance with the ten features of Nielson's model: the extent of concordance features like visibility of system status, match between system and the real world, consistency and standards, Aesthetic and minimalist design, Recognition rather than recall, is high also, features like User control and freedom , Help users Recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors ; Flexibility and minimalist design , Help and documentation is average and feature like error prevention is very low.

The purpose of this research is to determine contribution of effective thematic disciplines in the formation of user interface theses in iran and their methodological analysis. The research was carried out using a quantitative content analysis method and a checklist for collecting data. Results showed that in more than 25 different universities in the country (including state, Payame Noor, non-profit, and Islamic Azad Universities), the theses in the field of the user interface have been performed and completed. The findings of the present study indicated that specialists with a degree in 18 subject fields have played a role in forming, guiding, and providing consultations for conducting theses in this field. However, experts Knowledge and Information Science have conducted or directed more than half of the theses in this field in Iran. Findings about research methodology of theses showed that only some methods and often in quantitative approach have been used. More than 40% of theses have been conducted using the survey method that is one of the most important methods of quantitative approach. In addition, they have often practical and used a single tool, often a questionnaire or checklist, to collect data. The tendency to use a small number of samples, as well as targeted sampling methods is observed. It seems in addition to conducting practical researches (especially evaluating the designed products and providing feedback to their designers), it is necessary to review the theoretical foundations and principles in this area and develop the theoretical field with using new research approaches, methods and tools.